最新高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解(及答案)

1、最新高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解（及答案）一、高中英語閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解A study published in the journal Science reveals that since 1970, bird populations in the United States and Canada have declined by 29 percent, or almost 3 billion birds. The results show tremendous losses across diverse groups of birds and habitats - from iconic

2、songsters such as meadowlarks to long-distance migrants such as swallows."These data are consistent with what we're seeing elsewhere," said coauthor Peter Marra, former head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. It's urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino ef

3、fects （ 多米諾效應(yīng) ）can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods and because people all over the world cherish birds in their own right. Can you imagine a world without birdsong?"Evidence for the declines emerged from detection of migratory birds in th

4、e air from 143 NEXRAD weather radar stations across the continent in a period spanning over 10 years as well as from nearly 50 years of data collected through multiple monitoring efforts on the ground. Citizenscience participants also contributed a lot, for the analysis included citizen-science data

5、 from the North American Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the Canadian Wildlife Service- the main sources of long-term, large-scale population data for North American birds.The study noted that the largest factor driving these declines is likely the widespread loss and degradation of habitat, esp

6、ecially due to agricultural intensification and urbanization. Other studies have documented death from predation （捕食）by domestic cats; collisions with glass, buildings, and other structures; and pervasive （普遍的）use of pesticides associated with widespread declines in insects, an essential food source

7、 for birds. Climate change is expected to compound these challenges by altering habitats and threatening plant communities that birds need to survive."It's a wake-up call that we've lost more than a quarter of our birds in the U.S. and Canada," said coauthor Adam Smith from Environ

8、ment and Climate Change Canada. But the crisis reaches far beyond our individual borders. Many of the birds that breed in Canadian backyards migrate through or spend the winter in the U.S. and places farther south - from Mexico and the Caribbean to Central and South America. What our birds need now

9、is an historic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.（1） The underlined word "decay" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA.improvementB.worseningC.changedD.threat（ 2 ） What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.New findings

10、 of the research.B.Applications of the research.C.Data sources of the research.D.Methods of the research.（ 3 ） What Adam Smith said mainly implies that.A.bird populations in America and Canada dropped by a quarterB.the bird population crisis is not just within individual bordersC.there is little ind

11、ividuals can do to help increase bird populationsD.the solution to solving the crisis needs international cooperation【答案】 （ 1 ） B（2） C（3） D【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。發(fā)表在科學(xué)雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，美國(guó)和加拿大的鳥類數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了，鳥類和棲息地都遭受了巨大的損失，作者根據(jù)研究數(shù)據(jù)來說明解決這些問題迫在眉睫，需要全人類共同努力拯救鳥類。（ 1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“ It'surgent to address ongoing thr

12、eats, both becausethe domino effects （多米諾效應(yīng)） can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods 可知，解決持續(xù)的威脅迫在眉睫，人類依賴生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以生 ”存和保持健康，這里的威脅指多米諾效應(yīng)會(huì)破壞人們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以判斷多米諾效應(yīng)會(huì)讓生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化，故選 B。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段“在過去 10 年中，在整個(gè)非洲大陸143 個(gè)天氣雷達(dá)站對(duì)候鳥的探測(cè)，以及通過在當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行的多次監(jiān)測(cè)工作收集到的近50 年的數(shù)據(jù) 公民科學(xué)

13、參與者也做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)，分析北美繁殖鳥類調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，這是北美鳥類長(zhǎng)期、大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)的主要來源。 ”可知，本段主要介紹了研究的數(shù)據(jù)來源，故選C。（ 3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ What our birds need now is an historic, hemisphericeffort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back. 可 知，鳥類現(xiàn)在需要的是一項(xiàng)歷史性的、半球性的努力，把人們和組織團(tuán)結(jié)起來實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)共同目標(biāo)：把鳥類帶回來，所以解決這個(gè)危機(jī)需要國(guó)際合作，故

14、選 D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及段落大意，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道?？忌枰鶕?jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答 案。2 假定你是李華,收到英國(guó)筆友George 的郵件 ,請(qǐng)你介紹中國(guó)家庭聚會(huì)的情況（飲食、時(shí)間、活動(dòng)等）。請(qǐng)給他寫一封郵件。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2 .可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear George,Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear George,Knowing that you're interested in what our Chinese family gatherings are like,

15、 I'm glad to introduce some of my experience with you.We Chinese like to get together with our family very much, especially on important days such as festivals and birthdays. Most of the time, we bring gifts to the elders and the kids. Eating is one of the most necessary part of the gathering, w

16、hich is usually prepared by family members together. Not only is the various food delicious but the time we spend making and enjoying it together is enjoyable. Adults chatting and children playing around, this is the typical scene of a happy family gathering.Hope one day you can come and experience

17、by yourself!Yours,Li Hua【解析】 【分析】本題是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李華的身份給英國(guó)筆友George 寫一封郵件，介紹中國(guó)家庭聚會(huì)的情況（飲食、時(shí)間、活動(dòng)等）。考生要認(rèn)真閱讀提示，列出提綱和要點(diǎn)，并以此為基礎(chǔ)充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，靈活運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)，采用不同的表達(dá)方式將各要點(diǎn)完整地表述出來。寫作時(shí)注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的合理運(yùn)用，主次分明，同時(shí)應(yīng)選用合適的連接詞或過渡詞，適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本書面表達(dá)要點(diǎn)齊全，上下文連貫，使用一定數(shù)量的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，讓句子更加生動(dòng)豐滿，同時(shí)運(yùn)用了許多高級(jí)詞匯和固定短語，提高文章的檔次，體現(xiàn)了對(duì)英語的熟練的駕馭能力。例如： Know

18、ing that you're interested in what our Chinese family gatherings are like, I'm glad to introduce some of my experience with you. 運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語和賓語從句； Eating is one of the most necessary part of the gathering, which is usually prepared by family members together. 運(yùn)用了非限制性定語從句； Not only is the va

19、rious food delicious but the time we spend making and enjoying it together is enjoyable. 運(yùn)用了倒裝句，并列句和限制性定語從句； Hope one day you can come and experience by yourself! 運(yùn)用了祈使句和并列 句。3 （ 2019?北京）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、 B、 C、 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選 項(xiàng)。By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be b

20、luer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms （海洋微生物） calledphytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour vari

21、es from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon diox

22、ide (二氧化碳)into theocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can a

23、ffect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by

24、3 C , it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will

25、turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."(1) What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.

26、 The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.(2) What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. SensitiveB. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable(3) What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a d

27、eclining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changesC. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.(4) What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colou

28、r changesB. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chainC. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton 【答案】(1) B A(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì) 變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的 作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案。但是浮游植物很容易受

29、到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的 影響，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。(1) 段落大意題。第一段 "By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 可知，到本世紀(jì)末， ”一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再根據(jù)第二段中的 “Atthe heart phenomenon lie tiny mar

30、ine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration 可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物， ”在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏

31、色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。故選 B。（ 2）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ Warmingchanges key characteristics of the ocean andcan affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients. 可知，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。由 ”此可判斷 “ But phytoplank

32、ton are vulnerable to the ocean's wamning trend 可知，浮游植物很 ”容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。故選 A。（ 3 ）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的 “ Themodel projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton

33、, and these areas will tu rn greener 可知”, Dutkiewicz 的模型預(yù)測(cè)，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會(huì)變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會(huì)使浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，而這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了 ” 。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，浮游動(dòng)植物就更多了，這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。故選 D。（ 4）主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨“ Bythe end of the century. If not sooner, theworld's oceans will be bluer and greener tha nks to a

34、warming climate, according to a new study.可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“ Butphytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warningtrendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,可知， “浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢(shì)的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)” ?？芍?/p>

35、文主要解釋氣候變化對(duì)海洋及其植物的影響。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4 ( 2019?江蘇)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、 B、 C、 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does i

36、t matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication T

37、echnology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector ( 制

38、造業(yè))with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and indi

39、viduals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and m

40、aking more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without

41、 carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a &

42、quot;borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many government

43、s have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the righ

44、t career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.(1) Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to.A. a lack of confidence in technologyB

45、. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict of public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources(2) The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should.A. take people's essential needs into accountB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD.

46、provide more affordable internet facilities(3) What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of internation

47、al communication.(4) What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.【答案】 （ 1 ） D（2） A（3

48、） B（4） B【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了對(duì)信息技術(shù)的過分迷戀對(duì)國(guó)家，對(duì)個(gè)人，對(duì) 慈善事業(yè)都會(huì)有不利的影響。（5） 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ However,they have reak impacts, as they result inmisguided use of scarce resources. ”可知，對(duì)信息技術(shù)的錯(cuò)誤判斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致有限資源的錯(cuò)誤使 用，也就是資源的浪費(fèi)，故選D。（6） 2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ Perhapsgiving money for those less fashionable thingssuch as digging we

49、lls, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators

50、have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long- term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 可知，與其給那些”貧困地區(qū)孩子筆記本電腦或者建網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心，還不如給錢打井，鋪電網(wǎng)或者生產(chǎn)他們買得起 的洗衣機(jī)，這些東西更能改善他們的生活。作者不是說這些東西一定更重要，但是很多捐 贈(zèng)者沒有仔細(xì)考慮捐贈(zèng)的東西的長(zhǎng)期成本，因此作者建議捐贈(zèng)者要考慮接受捐贈(zèng)的人的實(shí)際情況，而不是一味地追求信息化，故選A。（7） 3）推理判斷題

51、。根據(jù)第五段“ Inyet another example, a fascination with the new has ledpeople to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及 Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end

52、to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. 可知，對(duì)新東西的迷戀讓人”們認(rèn)為如今通訊技術(shù)和交通的變革讓我們生活在一個(gè)無國(guó)界的世界。正是認(rèn)為我們生活在 這樣一個(gè)世界，很多政府取消了關(guān)于跨國(guó)界的資本、勞動(dòng)力以及商品流動(dòng)的法律法規(guī)，故 選 B。（8） 4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ The fascination with the ICT（Infor mation and CommunicationTechnology）

53、revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector（制造業(yè)） with nega

54、tive consequences for their economies. 可知，對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)呈現(xiàn)的通訊技術(shù)變革的迷戀”讓很多富裕國(guó)家做出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論，制造產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)過時(shí)了，他們應(yīng)該靠創(chuàng)意生活，因而 忽略了制造業(yè)，從而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成不利影響，故可知，傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)依然有它的地位，不能被 新興的信息技術(shù)取代，故選 B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5 .閱讀理解Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially aft

55、er Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth

56、, local media reported.The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they're responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only indivi

57、duals are not subject to responsibilities.The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, "Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal," said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yu

58、an ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash,

59、 dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Bluecolored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in