chapter 14-- Thomas Hardy

1、Background of History1. imperialismthe reawakening of a dominating spiritv2. social reforma widespread demand for reform of every kindv3. spirit of rebellion and despairv現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)(realism)v思想特征v1. 文學(xué)作為分析與研究社會(huì)的手段，為人們提供了特定時(shí)代豐富多彩的社會(huì)歷史畫面。v2. 以人道主義思想為武器，深刻的揭露與批判社會(huì)黑暗，同情下層人民的苦難，提倡社會(huì)改良。v3. 普遍關(guān)心人的生存處境問(wèn)題，表現(xiàn)出作家們對(duì)

2、人的命運(yùn)與前途的深切關(guān)懷，同時(shí)批判資本主義條件下人與物、人與社會(huì)的矛盾關(guān)系，表現(xiàn)人的異化現(xiàn)象，尋求人的心靈自由，表現(xiàn)出深度意義上的人道主義文明。藝術(shù)特征v第一，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)追求藝術(shù)的真實(shí)模式，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀真實(shí)的反映生活。v第二，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)重視人與社會(huì)環(huán)境的關(guān)系的描寫，塑造典型環(huán)境中的典型性格。v第三，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義以敘事文學(xué)為主，小說(shuō)創(chuàng)作特別是長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)走向了成熟與繁榮。 Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)vHis lifevA novelist as well as a poet, famous for his depictions of the imaginary county “Wes

3、sex” . vWriting poetrynovel (1871-1895)poetry Three Types of Hardys Worksv1. Romances and Fantasiesv2. Novels of Ingenuityv3. Novel of Character and Environment Characteristics of Hardys WritingwNaturalism has played an important part in Hardys works.wHe is a great painter of nature.wHis heroes and

4、heroines are all vividly and realistically depicted.wHardys all works are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor.The Masterpiece of HardyvTess of the DUrbervilles A Pure WomanvTess Of The Durbervilles(1891) vIt came into conflict with Victorian morality. vIt aroused debate, conflict betwee

5、n carnal and spiritual life. ProtagonistvTess is a young virtuous girl that represents the change between the old agrarian lifestyle and the new industrial one. vShe is primarily a daughter of nature upon whom urbanity will leave its lasting marks. Tess charactervinnocent, naive, heartfelt and sensi

6、tive;v a rural sacrifice to industrialism; sternness and stubbornness towards Alec reflect the attributes of an urban community. Motifs vtale of seduction, love, betrayal, and murder vby punishing Tess sin, he boldly exposes this standard ending of unforgiving morality as cruelly unjust Hardys Langu

7、agev 1. the simplicity of a country womans speechv 2. the sophisticated vocabulary of an educated man v 3. symbolism vThe daughter of nature is sacrificed just as the agrarian lifestyle was sacrificed for the movement of industry. vThe similarities of season, time, and location clearly establish Tes

8、s as a daughter of nature. vThe natural imagery, time and location of the events mark Tess as a direct product of the natural world. Her rape and the death of her baby occur in September when nature is slowing dying and decaying. vTess weds Angel in the dead of winter, paralleling the harshness of w

9、inter to the collapse of their marriage. At the end of the novel, she feels at home when she arrives at Stonehenge, a heathen temple of natural worship to the sun. Tragedy and CriticismvThe cause is not mans own behaviour or his own fault but the supernatural forces that rule his fate.vThe sharpest

10、social criticismmoral sympathy for the lower classes and for rural women.vQuestions1. Where was Thomas Hardy born? Was this place important to his literary creation? Why?2. What is the outlook of Thomas Hardy?3. Why does the author use this subtitle of the novel ? 4. What caused the destruction of T

11、ess? 5. What do Angel and Alec represent in the novel?Watch the video clip and answer the questionsv1. Was Angel eager to meet Tess? How can you know?v2. Was Tess eager to meet Angel? v3. Why didnt she come forward when she saw him?v4. Why did she tell him to go away and never to come back any more?v1. the time he paid a visit to Tess, his speech, his sharpened earv2. her clothes (using cosmetics, lipsticks, put on neatly), her hair (haste)v3. she had never expected that he would