高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)之倒裝

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之倒裝倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。 1. 完全倒裝1) 完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前（是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非助動(dòng)詞）。 例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，然后開始上課。） 2) there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的there be句型以外，there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都譯成"有"的含義，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。例如：

2、There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)穿黑色衣服的人。） 3) 由地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點(diǎn)副詞here, there和時(shí)間副詞now, then 開頭，后面的動(dòng)詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)使用完全倒裝 Out rushed

3、 a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。 Out he rushed. 注意： 1) 在here, there引出的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是普通名詞時(shí)用完全倒裝句，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，就要用部分倒裝句。 例：Here comes the postman!（郵遞員終于來(lái)了！注意實(shí)意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)之前。） Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)代詞之后。） 2) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞，表語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明性的詞、詞組和定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled in

4、to a famous university.（他真幸運(yùn)，被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。） Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中國(guó)典型的是相聲表演，兩個(gè)喜劇演員通過(guò)文字游戲逗樂(lè)觀眾）2. 部分倒裝 1) 部分倒裝即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等）放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he h

5、as always dreamt about（疾病沒(méi)有使他放棄過(guò)上夢(mèng)想中的生活） 2) 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前、甚至補(bǔ)充助動(dòng)詞的用法： 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。） In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（據(jù)說(shuō)除了英國(guó)世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能讓人在一天中感受

6、到四季變化） 3) 以否定副詞開頭并加狀語(yǔ)放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely when, never, no sooner than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”. 4）一些如scarcelywhen, no sooner than, hardlywhen引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句主句要求使用過(guò)去完成式。 注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或

7、連系動(dòng)詞to be可以置于主語(yǔ)之前，其它部分都要置于主語(yǔ)之后。 5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用部分倒裝，這些結(jié)構(gòu)包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意： a

8、) 如果含有從句時(shí)，只要求主句倒裝：例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。）b) 如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝： 例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出國(guó)以后才了解到事實(shí)真相。） c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all時(shí)，意義類似almos

9、t no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），則無(wú)須倒裝。 例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（幾乎沒(méi)有什么受到邀請(qǐng)的人去那里了。） 6) 由no matter how, however和how引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句要求部分倒裝，因?yàn)樾稳菰~或副詞通常緊跟在這三個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞后面，然后才是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，形成形式上的部分倒裝句： 例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一點(diǎn)也不了解這條河，不知道它有多長(zhǎng)，多寬或多深。）

10、 7) 由as引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句： a) 當(dāng)as作為比較意義時(shí)，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，如果把第一個(gè)as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一樣謹(jǐn)慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問(wèn)題。） She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快！） b) 當(dāng) as引

11、導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，和although, though一樣，當(dāng)用作“盡管”之義時(shí)，可以用于部分倒裝句。 Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功，但他還是沒(méi)及格) c) 表示原因時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見，也可以倒裝。 例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因?yàn)樗哿耍覀儧Q定不打擾他。） d) 等于so時(shí)，意義是“也，也是” 例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。） 3. 其它情況的倒裝句 1) s

12、o, neither, nor除了構(gòu)成上述倒裝句以外，還可以取代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。 a) 當(dāng)so表示“也，相同，那樣”時(shí)，通常表示對(duì)前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內(nèi)容，要求使用完全倒裝句： He promised to finish my homework, so did I. b) so /such that句型可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分：例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her. c)也存在such+be+主語(yǔ)的情況用

13、以強(qiáng)調(diào)，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特愛因斯坦是一個(gè)有偉大成就的普通人) d) neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式，其含義分別為： 1) 完全倒裝時(shí)：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對(duì)前一句否定句的贊同或一致內(nèi)容。 例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道現(xiàn)在該做什么，我也不知道。） 2) 和其它否定副詞連用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒裝句： 例：T

14、he besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they .（被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。） 注意：若把這句話改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進(jìn)，也不能退。）"就不必倒裝。 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 3) 用在肯定句里，構(gòu)成一般否定倒裝： 例：All that is true, nor must we forg

15、et it.（那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）4) 部分倒裝，有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同： 例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我?guī)筒涣怂?。?B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。） 2) 在進(jìn)行比較的句子里，如果主語(yǔ)不是代詞時(shí)，可以倒裝：例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美國(guó)消耗的能源比我們國(guó)家多。） 3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如May

16、you happy. 4）在文學(xué)作品中常出現(xiàn)倒裝，有些是由于語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣，有些是為了簡(jiǎn)單的修辭，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不帶走一片云彩）.注:如果only后面的詞組不是狀語(yǔ),則不用倒裝.Only Wang Ling knows this .如果直接引語(yǔ)后注明引語(yǔ)是什么人說(shuō)的，而且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，一般不用倒裝。" Let' go ," said the man .練習(xí)1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt

17、 I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize 2. Where is Kate? Look，_, she is at the school gate.A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is3. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacherC. In did the teacher come D. I

18、n came the teacher4. Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush5. _, he is honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he6. _, he knows a lot of things.A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he7.

19、 _, you cant lift yourself up. A. Even youre strong B. Strong as you areC. How strong you are D. In spite youre strong8. So carelessly _that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive9. Early in the day _the news _the enemy were gone.A. come; that B. came; tha

20、t C. comes; that D. came; what10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_ them well.A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn11. Only after liberation _ to be treated as human beings.A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun12.

21、 Not only _ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced13. Not until his father was out of prison_ to school.A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go14. Never before _ seen such a stupid ma

22、n. A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I15. Rarely _such a silly thing.A. have I heard of B. I have heard of C. am I heard of D. had I heard of16. Little _ about his own health though he was very ill.A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares17. Only when _ in the afternoon _ able to lea

23、ve.A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were theyC. was the match over; they were D. the match was over; were they18. Hardly _ down _ he stepped in.A. had I sat; than B. I had sat; when C. had I sat; then D. had I sat; when19. No sooner _asleep than she heard a knock at the door.A

24、. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she had fell D. had she fell20. She did not see Smith. _. A. Neither did I B. Nor didnt I C. Neither I did D. So didnt I21. In front of the farmhouse _.A. lay a peasant boy B. laid a peasant boy C. a peasant lay D. did a peasant boy lie22. You ought to have give

25、n them some advice. _, but who cared what I said ?A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So did you D. So I did23. It was hot yesterday. _. A. It was so. B. So was it. C. So it was. D. So it did24. No longer _ to be monitor of the class. A. is he fit B. he is fit C. he fit D. fit be25. You like football v

26、ery much. _.A. So do IB. So I do C. I do too D. It is the same with me26. Only by practicing a few hours every day_ be able to master the language.A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you27. Hardly _ the bus stop _ the bus arrived.A. we had got to; when B. we had got to; thenC. had we got to; t

27、han D. had we got to; when28. Where is your brother? There _.A. he is coming B. he comes C. comes he D. does he come29. _ earlier you would have met him.A. If you came B. If you did come C. Did you come D. Had you come30. Not only _ polluted but _crowded.A. was the city; were the street B. the city

28、was; were the streetC. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were31. She is a teacher and works at the college. _.A. So is Li Ming B. So does Li Ming C. So is it with Li Ming D. So it is with Li Ming32. Now _ Toms turn to recite the text. A. there is B. is going C. has come D.

29、comes33. Hearing the cat coming, off_. A. fled all the mice B. away fled the mice C. all the mice fled away D. fleeing all the mice34. _ reading and speaking English every day, he would speak it well enough now.A. Had he practiced B. Did he practice C. Should he practice D. Were he to practice35. Ne

30、arby _ in which they had spent their summer vacation. A. was two houses B. two houses were C. were two houses D. are two houses36. Not only a writer but also _ here.A. an actor was wanted B. was an actor wantedC. an actor were wanted D. were an actor wanted37. So tired _ after a whole days heavy wor

31、k that I _ stand on my feet.A. was I; could hardly B. was I felt; could hardlyC. was I; couldnt hardly D. I was; hardly couldnt38. Only in this way_expect to get over so many difficulties.A. we are sure to B. can we C. that we can D. that can we39. After that we never saw her again, nor _ from her.A

32、. did we hear B. we heard C. has we heard D. we have heard 40. Look,_.A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coningC. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming41. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care

33、 also 42. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 43. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers

34、realizedC. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realize 44. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared 45. David has made great progress recently. _, and _.A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have yo

35、uC. So has he; so have D. So has he; so you have 46. It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. My God! _.A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you 47. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party.A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 48. _ the people have become masters of their own country that science can really serve the people. A. Only then B. It is only then C. Only when