上海高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

1、上海高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧2014上海高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)科改革，推出語(yǔ)法填空新題型.這種題型能全面檢測(cè)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法， 甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力，能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合水平。本題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞 提示，一種為不給單詞提示。本人就這種題型進(jìn)行了分析，總結(jié)出十條語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧。一、已給單詞提示題型的技巧：此類(lèi)題可以考查學(xué)生對(duì)代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等形式變化的掌握程度。技巧一：動(dòng)詞形式變化。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)的變化（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）,有非謂語(yǔ)的變化（不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）。學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要花一定的功夫?qū)?dòng)詞部分的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行一次全面復(fù)習(xí)。例1 :A

2、talk（give）tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang .句中的 is 是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是"將來(lái)”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作考點(diǎn)聚焦知識(shí)體系：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式to be given。時(shí)態(tài)：考綱要求的 11種時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be+過(guò)去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)、 動(dòng)名詞一般式、完成式主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)J現(xiàn)在分詞一般式、完成式主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)分詞4過(guò)去分詞技巧二：代詞形式變化。代詞形式

3、變化通常是與人稱(chēng)變化有關(guān)的三大類(lèi)五小類(lèi)，即人稱(chēng)代詞（主格和賓格）、物主代詞（形容詞性和名詞性）、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如 no one /none、other /another 等。例 2： The king decided to see the painter by （he） 由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself?？键c(diǎn)聚焦知識(shí)體系1.人稱(chēng)代詞第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem所有格形容詞 性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性mineoursyours

4、yourshishersitstheirs反身代詞myselfourselfyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves其它類(lèi)介詞的考查方法是不給提示詞的。如 指示代詞： this that these those such same不定代詞： some any each every one none no one few a few little a little all bothother another others neither either 等疑問(wèn)代詞：what which who whom whose等，用于特殊疑問(wèn)句連接代詞和

5、關(guān)系代詞是考主從復(fù)合句的連接關(guān)系，應(yīng)根據(jù)主從復(fù)合句的關(guān)系確定選用。技巧三：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的方式，或通過(guò)加后綴一er和.est ,或在詞加 more/less和most/least ,且形容詞的絕對(duì)最高級(jí)還要冠以the例 3： I am(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class此題后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller ,只能用表示程度不如的"less tall考點(diǎn)聚焦知識(shí)體系

6、:原級(jí)構(gòu)成 比較級(jí)(在形容詞或副詞后加廠 最高級(jí)(在形容詞或副詞后加形容詞副詞比較等級(jí)er或在前面加 more)est或在前面加 most)注意不規(guī)則變化同級(jí)比較比較級(jí)基本句型最高級(jí)其它特殊用法二、未給單詞提示題型的技巧：此類(lèi)題難度較大，但也是有方法對(duì)付的。技巧四：固定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來(lái)判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)。例 4： The children were playing on the ground, enjoying , dirty but happy從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開(kāi)心的，所以應(yīng)用 enjoy oneself 短語(yǔ)，故其答案為themselves

7、例 5: His boss was angry as to fire him.如果“跳過(guò)”橫線后面的angry ,就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)so. as to ,所以，so是正技巧五：從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)方向，主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。例 6 ： He did not do his father had asked him to do.審題可知，橫線所在為賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，且指物，所以是what。例 7: Those want to go to the village must sign here.經(jīng)過(guò)觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

8、，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those ,且指人，所以只能填入who?？键c(diǎn)聚焦知識(shí)體系1.簡(jiǎn)單句though(本知識(shí)體系也適用于技巧八) RM陳述句 一般問(wèn)句否定特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句反義問(wèn)句 選擇問(wèn)句 do祈使句 don tletWhat感嘆句連詞howthatwhether, as if,because連接代詞 what, who whomaswhose連接詞2.并列句 句子并列連詞which how many/muchno matter+wh-等連接副詞 when where why how-ever名詞性從句種類(lèi)先行詞As等關(guān)系副詞 when where的意思，故答案為instead ,no ma

9、tter+wh-等主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞 that which who whimwhose3.從句關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句why限制性種類(lèi)非限制性表時(shí)間表原因表地點(diǎn)表?xiàng)l件狀語(yǔ)從句表目的表結(jié)果表讓步表方式表比較技巧六：短語(yǔ)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：except for , due to 等。例 10: Mr Smith took a plane to London of taking a train此題中說(shuō)到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐 以構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)instead of例 11: Just then , he saw a blackboar

10、d in of him .細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填人 fr0nt 即可構(gòu)成in front of ,此題得解。技巧七：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有 and, or, but , so, for , while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián) 短語(yǔ)有 both and, either or, neither nor, not only but also 等。例 12： Little Wang Jun could not go to school, his family was too poor .此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實(shí)是一種解釋說(shuō)明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，所以 填 for 。例 13： Ma

11、rrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成bothand ,故答案為Both。技巧八：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在 a, an, the之間判斷；常用的介詞有 in , at , on, before , during 等，通常考查固定搭配；副詞的量還是比較多，如： however, never , yet, much 等，但一般不會(huì)考查.ly形式的方式副詞.例14： Jackie likes to drive at high speed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a,構(gòu)成 at a high speed ,

12、"以高速” 開(kāi)車(chē)。例 15： Old Tom' s grand - daughter used to visit him Saturday afternoonsSaturday afternoons是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞 in ,而用on才是正解。例 16： Though Liu Qiang did the same work Zhang Wen did , he got a lower payZhang Wen.第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as,第二條橫線則可由 lower斷出比較意義，故答案為than。例 27： It was only one da

13、y left , his father had no idea to answer him.觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，排除but,所以答案是however。語(yǔ)法填空作為一種新穎的題型，能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十條技巧概括了 此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用，真正做到事半功倍，較大地提高學(xué) 生在此題型上的得分率。2014高考英語(yǔ)新題型語(yǔ)法填空高頻考點(diǎn)與高分技巧(1)按該題2014高考課改考綱要求及已考該題型省份(廣東卷)7年的考試規(guī)律，純空格題”僅考冠詞、介詞、代詞和連接詞以及功能性結(jié)構(gòu)副詞等四類(lèi)詞；用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式

14、填空”考了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞 和副詞的比較等級(jí) 等。(2)介詞、連接詞、動(dòng)詞 每年會(huì)有兩道小題，是考查的重點(diǎn)，也是復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)。(3)冠詞：考查不定冠詞的最基本的用法，表示乙個(gè)(次/本)”，這無(wú)疑是復(fù)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)，但也要關(guān)注不定冠詞的其他用法，同時(shí)注意定冠詞的基本用法。(4)代詞：主要考查了在句中作賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞賓語(yǔ)、只能在名詞前作定語(yǔ)的形容詞性物主代詞、it的用法和不定代詞。備考中，除重點(diǎn)關(guān)注已考的熱點(diǎn)外，也不要忽視反身代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞。(5)連接詞：考查了引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接代詞who、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的 that、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞where(三年考了兩年 卜表示

15、轉(zhuǎn)折的并 列連詞but,這些仍是復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)；備考中，要訓(xùn)練名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句；狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。如何判斷名詞性從句？規(guī)律：可以從從句所處的位置判斷是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句還是表語(yǔ)從句。注意：名詞性從句中如果缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 或 表語(yǔ)時(shí)常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)(6)動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)重點(diǎn)考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也要留意一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等各種時(shí)態(tài)。語(yǔ)態(tài)只考查了一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)值得重視。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重復(fù)考的是不定式作狀語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞 -ing形式。答案

16、特點(diǎn):(1)純空格題：試題要求中已明文規(guī)定在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~”，即一個(gè)小題或者一個(gè)空格只能填一個(gè)單詞。已先行考試的廣東卷7年高考題的答案印證了這一點(diǎn)。(2)用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：試題中要求 使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空”，這個(gè)詞的正確形式”，不可以出現(xiàn)所給詞以外的其它詞。究竟由幾個(gè)單詞組成？沒(méi)有規(guī)定，高考題的答案是填一個(gè)或兩個(gè)單詞。若需填兩個(gè)單詞，一個(gè)是不定式，一個(gè)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(3)要求填的詞(即答案)都是一些拼寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單的單詞，平均每詞約4-6個(gè)字母。(4)若所填詞位于句首，第一個(gè)字母要注意大寫(xiě)。特別提醒：?使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空”的答案只填一個(gè)或兩個(gè)單詞，但是我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的訓(xùn)

17、練中應(yīng)當(dāng)不局限于此，要訓(xùn)練填一個(gè)、兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞的情 況。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，帶 to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成 式都可能填兩個(gè)單詞；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的將來(lái)時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)等也都可能填兩個(gè)單詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 等就可 能填三個(gè)單詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)至少都要填兩個(gè)單詞。答題思路：(1)純空格試題。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定填哪類(lèi)詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞； 根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。我們知道，語(yǔ)法填空空格在形式上主要有二種類(lèi)型：?(1)純空格題(無(wú)提示詞)：通?？?一一冠詞、代詞(形容詞性物主代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞)、介詞、和連詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞。(2)用括號(hào)中所給詞填空

18、：通?？家灰恢^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致、.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換等。兩個(gè)分句2構(gòu)連接，考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：各類(lèi)復(fù)合句中連詞，引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1 .The exam,was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.2 - - the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away there was a garage

19、.3. It is such an important issue we couldn' t afford to ignore.4. We shouldn ' t spend our money testing so many people, most of ahealthy.答案：which? where? as? whom具體分析方法:?（一）純空格題1、缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一定是填代詞或名詞（多考代詞）。陌q 1 I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ 38_ gets there almost in a

20、second.and連接前后兩個(gè)句子，and后面的句子缺主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，馬上可到達(dá)那里 ”的是the message,替代the message用代詞it。2、名詞前是空格，若該名詞前沒(méi)有限定詞，很可能是填冠詞his, their等形容詞性物主代詞，或 some, any, other（s）, another 等限定詞。陌J 2 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty （9601279） was very anxious to help_33_ rice crop grow up quick

21、ly.名詞rice crop前還沒(méi)有限定詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)急性子人當(dāng)然是急于使范的”禾苗長(zhǎng)得快，故填形容詞性物主代詞his。仞J 3? The little boy pulled 33right hand out of the pocket （his）例 4 the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_35_small town some 20kilometres away where there was a garage.因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒(méi)有限定詞，應(yīng)填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，

22、是指將車(chē)?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上去修理，表示一個(gè)"，用不定冠詞，故填a。3、名詞或代詞前面是空格，而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， 很可能是填介詞。例 5 who should have the honour of receiving me _33? a guest in their house.因a guest在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語(yǔ)；又 由句意可知，他們把我當(dāng)作客人”來(lái)接待，表示 當(dāng)作”，用介詞as。4、若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，可能是填連詞。例 6 two world-famous

23、artists, Pablo Picasso? 34? Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.因與Pablo Picasso （畢加索）與Candido Portinari （坎迪多？波爾蒂納里）這兩個(gè)名詞之間沒(méi)有連詞，一 定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填and。（考and的可能性較?。├?7 all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me? 36? almost instantly gaveme a completely new sense of

24、 what life is all about.因melted me和gave me兩個(gè)動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，故填and（考and的可能性較?。?、若兩句（主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子）之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填連接詞。例 8 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days?_32?_I was to return to Guangzhou.因I wanted to 是一個(gè)句子，I was to return也是一個(gè)句子，這兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)

25、句意和兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可知參觀這個(gè)城市的盡可能多的地方”應(yīng)是在 返回廣州”之前，故填before。例 9 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,?37? he felt very happy 因He was very tired 是一個(gè)句子，he felt very happy也是一個(gè)句子，這兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有連詞，干了一整天活累極了”與感也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知 到非常高興”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填 but6、若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)， 很可能

26、是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞（do, does, did等）。例 10 What is acceptable in one country? 31? be considered extremely rude in another.句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主語(yǔ)從句，空格后的be considered是謂語(yǔ)；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞does（由語(yǔ)境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)）；由句意及作者的語(yǔ)氣可知，需填表示可能”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may。例 11 He had no time or energy to pl

27、ay with his children or talk with his wife, but he33bring home a regular salary.這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had是一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，后一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；可是， bring卻用的是原形，既與語(yǔ)境的時(shí)態(tài)不符，也與主語(yǔ)he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did；由句意和作者的語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)，應(yīng)當(dāng)填對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did（的確）。7、若缺狀語(yǔ)，一定是填副詞（在純空中考的可能性不大）。8、由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。（1）由it

28、is that強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填 it還是that。t eat MSG例 12 and?40?was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn味精）！由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，應(yīng)填 it。（2）由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not,until, had 等，還是填 do, does, did 等。例 13 _ 41_with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.由c

29、an you expect to 可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only,因?yàn)?quot;only+狀語(yǔ)(with hard work) 放在句首，句子要用倒裝。(3)由it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。例 14 aS? 32? took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world- famous artists 由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式 to steal paintings是真正的主語(yǔ)，空格處填形式主語(yǔ)i

30、t。例 15 Dating sites also make? 36? easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，to avoid 是真正的賓語(yǔ)，easy是賓補(bǔ)，空格處應(yīng)填作形式賓語(yǔ)的it。(4)so /suchtha 句型。例 16 This made the goat so jealous 34 it began plotting against ( 謀戈豚t付)the donkey.由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是sothat 句型，應(yīng)填that。(5)morethan與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)，比更)句型。例 17 Cynthia &

31、#39; s story shows vividly that people rememberore how much a manager cares? 40? how much he pays.由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是morethan句型，故填than。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報(bào)酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。(二)給出了動(dòng)詞的試題。1、動(dòng)詞不在主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的位置首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。然后按以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。若句中沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例 18 His fear of fai

32、lure 36(keep) him from classroom games that other children playedwith joyous abandon.因主語(yǔ)His fear of failure后沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，需填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因主語(yǔ)與keep是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 played可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填 kept。例 19 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,? 40|2(close) my book and walke

33、d away.雖然句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞declined ,但由and walked可知，所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系，所以也用一般過(guò)去式closed o例 20 In Logan, three people _ 38_ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.(梅州二模)因主語(yǔ)three people與take是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即三個(gè)人被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由 were treated 可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填 were taken。若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂

34、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要確定用一ing形式、一ed形式，還是用不定式形式，確定的方法主要有：2、作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，通常用一ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。例 21 but it is not enough only?_35? (memorize) rules from a grammar book.因it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面用不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填 to memorize。例 22 _ 35_ (speak) out your inner feeling won' t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary句中已有謂語(yǔ) won&#

35、39; t make所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；謂語(yǔ)前面應(yīng)為主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，表示一般情況，要用動(dòng)名t短語(yǔ)，故填 Speaking。3、作目的狀語(yǔ)或者在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般用不定式。例 23(complete) the project as planned, we' ll have to work two more hours a day.因句中已有謂語(yǔ) will have to work ,所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因"妁了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是 我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填 To complete o例 24 Some

36、people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely 33?(succeed).因在形容詞likely后作狀語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填 to succeed o4、作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，常用分詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。這樣的題一般要特別注意空格前的逗號(hào)。例 25 He saw the stone,?_37?_(say) to himself:" The night will be very dark.”句中已有謂語(yǔ) saw,所給動(dòng)詞與 saw不是并列關(guān)

37、系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因 He與say是主 動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。例 26 The headmaster went into the lab, 40(follow) by the foreign guests.句中已有謂語(yǔ) went,而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。5、不論非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分，若判斷需要用分詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用一ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系用 一ed形式。例 27 There will be a meeting, _ 40_ (start) later th

38、is year to review the film.因a meeting與start是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明a meeting ,故填starting o例 28? Lessons?_39?_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.因句中已有謂語(yǔ) can help,所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因 lesson與learn是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，故填learned o點(diǎn)睛技巧:10道語(yǔ)法填空要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求完成語(yǔ)法填空題。做題要

39、求：一是在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~；二是使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。1.語(yǔ)法填空的考查范圍?(1)語(yǔ)境測(cè)試(上下文)；?(2)語(yǔ)法測(cè)試：動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等；引導(dǎo)詞：一些從句的使用，如定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等；形容詞、副詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞之間的詞型、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)等；介詞：一些常用介詞的基本用法、介詞短語(yǔ)的用法；名詞、冠詞：注意名詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)以及冠詞的特殊性用法；代詞：注意代詞所指代的對(duì)象和前后對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系；并列詞：and, so,

40、or, otherwise等表示并列、對(duì)比的詞，以及表示承接、轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞therefore,however的用法；句型：要求歸納整理，并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型，如：notuntil.; not onlybut(also) . .; sothat;notbut;asas;eitheror；morethan;neithernor；suchthat； hardlywhen；no soonerthan等。2014高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空高頻考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(1) . The sun was setting down when my car( break ) down near a remote

41、 and poor village .(2) . Being too anxious to help an event develop often( result ) in the contrary to our intention.(3) .People stepped on your feet or( push ) you with their elbows.(4) .“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking," Jane( inform ).(5) .After a four-day journey, the young

42、man( present ) the water to the old man.(6) . He( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.broke； results； pushed； was informed ； presented； was pretending小結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是每年的考點(diǎn),也是歷年高考重點(diǎn)考查的項(xiàng)目，通常1-2道題。重點(diǎn)考查的是時(shí)態(tài),且多與語(yǔ)態(tài)一起考查。時(shí)態(tài)理解錯(cuò)誤在考生中是常見(jiàn)的，把握命題人的意圖是至關(guān)重要的。1) .先判斷所給動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，2) .謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的話(huà)，判斷用主

43、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，3) .判斷用那種時(shí)態(tài)(根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或另一動(dòng)詞)。4) .確定所填動(dòng)詞的形式，保證謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致。5) .特別注意：時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的拼寫(xiě)?？键c(diǎn)2 .非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1) . While she was getting me( settle ) into a tiny but clean room.(2) . The Proverb, “ Plucking up a crop( help ) it grow," is based the following story.(3) . She wished that he was as

44、easy( please ) as her mother.(4) . He spit it out ,( say ) it was awful.(5) . - and then I noticed a man( sit ) at the front.settled ； to help ； to please ； saying ； sitting / sit小結(jié)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞每年必考，至少1道題，主要考查：1) .動(dòng)名詞和不等式做賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別；2) .非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別；3) .非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定式和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。解題：確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；(先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，

45、所給的動(dòng)詞就是非 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)；確定用那種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；(在句子中作什么句子成分，結(jié)合固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法)；確定語(yǔ)態(tài)；(結(jié)合與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定填那種語(yǔ)態(tài))；確定用那種時(shí)態(tài)；(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作生的先后關(guān)系確定時(shí)態(tài))。考點(diǎn)3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞小結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查：推測(cè)和可能性；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ Have done ；虛擬語(yǔ)氣；shall, should, can和must所表示的特定語(yǔ)氣。重點(diǎn)汪息：1) .must , can, could, may, might 表示可能性(按可能性大小排列)。2) . must/ could/may/ might ( have done)表示對(duì)發(fā)

46、生事情的推測(cè)。3) .should/ought + to + have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的責(zé)備。4) .will/ shall 表示請(qǐng)求、許可。5) . could /might/ should + have done 表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣等。考點(diǎn)4.冠詞11) .- the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away.(2) .Shopping at this time of the year was not pleasant exper

47、ience.(3) .A young man came across a spring of clear water, water was sweet.(4) .We had amazing conversation.a ;a ;the ; an小結(jié)： 冠詞是高考的常考點(diǎn)。若空格后面的名詞或形容詞+名詞前沒(méi)有物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格、指示代詞等限定詞時(shí)，很可能填冠詞。實(shí)戰(zhàn)：1) .如果空格及后面的名詞可翻譯成“一個(gè) (本、種、杯 )”時(shí)， 一般填a/an.如果可翻譯成 “這、這些、那、那些 ”時(shí)， 一般填the .2) .泛指填aan ,特指填the.3) .如果名詞后面有:of短語(yǔ)、不

48、定式、分詞或從句等做定語(yǔ)時(shí)可能填 the.定冠詞的用法比較不好記,下面的順口溜或許能幫助大家。特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；世上獨(dú)無(wú)二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)；普轉(zhuǎn)專(zhuān)有名，習(xí)語(yǔ)及樂(lè)器。語(yǔ)法填空講練第1篇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求， 在空格處填入一個(gè)適 當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空， 并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為 3140的 相應(yīng)位置上。According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also expres

49、sed their great concern about it. Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of adolescents.Nowadays, school violence is 31 hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, 32 calls for our great concern. We should try every effort 33 (prevent) violence happening at school for mo

50、re and more students would drop out of school 34 their personal safety could not 35 (guarantee). In fact, violence can 36 (learn). Children learn violent behavior from adults or from 37 they see on television or on the Internet.If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence _38 violence,

51、 for it will result in 39 (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.All in all, every student should behave _40(he) and keep away from violence.文章向我們介紹了作者對(duì)校園暴力的看法。31. a這里需要一個(gè)不定冠詞表示某個(gè)的意思。32. 這里要

52、用which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~為物，所以要用which33. to prevent不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。34. if/as long as人身安全得不到保障是輟學(xué)的條件，所以應(yīng)該用引導(dǎo)連接條件狀語(yǔ) 從句連詞。35. be guaranteed所給動(dòng)詞和其邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。36. be learned事實(shí)上；暴力是可以學(xué)的。37. what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以要用what。38. with 表示方式，意思是 用”。39. more由語(yǔ)境可知，以暴力對(duì)付暴力，只能產(chǎn)生更多的暴力。40. himself behave onesel俵現(xiàn)良好，行為

53、良好。語(yǔ)法填空講練第2篇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求， 在空格處填入一個(gè)適 當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空， 并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為 3140的 相應(yīng)位置上。In the 1950s, a family that owned a farm near Beulah, Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm 崎樹(shù)).The bull paced 31 the tree, dragging the heavy iron chain, which led to a groove。H) in the bark (樹(shù)皮).The gr

54、oove 32 (deep) over the years. Though for whatever reason, it did not kill the tree.33 some years, the family took their bull away. They cut the chain, leaving the loop around the tree and one link 34 (hang down).Then one year, agricultural catastrophe struck Michigan in 35 form of Dutch elm disease

55、. All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected 36 died. Everyone thought that the old elm would be the next. The farm owners considered37 (go) the safe thing: pulling it out and chopping it up into firewood before it died.Amazingly 38 (amazing), the tree did not die. Nobody co

56、uld understand 39 it was the only elm still standing in the county. It' s said that 40 doesn' t kill you will make you stronger. Or, as a plant pathologist嘛理學(xué)家 )put it , "Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places." 答案：這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章通過(guò)敘述一棵老榆樹(shù)大難不死的故事告訴我們這樣 一個(gè)道理：經(jīng)歷疼痛才能變得堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，才能抵擋住更大的困難甚至是災(zāi)難。31. around下文告訴我們，樹(shù)皮被鐵鏈磨出了一個(gè)槽。由此可以看出，這是由牛繞著 樹(shù)來(lái)回踱步造成的。32. was deepened隨著歲月的流逝，磨出來(lái)的槽逐漸被加深了。所以要用被