高考英語閱讀分類復(fù)習(xí)：科普類

1、新課標(biāo)高考英語閱讀分類復(fù)習(xí)：科普類第1題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（全國）) BMany animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or

2、 because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many d

3、ifferent types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊貓）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are p

4、lenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多樣化飲食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because w

5、e like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food

6、, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. 60. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _.   A. depend on one sense in choosing food     B. are not satisfied with their food    C. choose food in similar ways     

7、;        D. eat entirely different food61. Which of the following eats only one type of food?   A. The white butterfly.B. The small bird.C. The bear. D. The fox. 62. Certain animals change their choice of food when _.   A. the season change

8、s                    B. the food color changes   C. they move to different places            D. they are attracted by different smells63. We

9、 can learn from the last paragraph that _.    A. food is chosen for a good reason         B. French and British food is good   C. some people have few choices of food    D. some people care little about healthy diet 答案 60. C解

10、析:這是一道推理題。根據(jù)第一段可知,人用氣味和味道來選擇食物,動(dòng)物用一種或多種感覺選擇食物,從這點(diǎn)上人和其他動(dòng)物是類似的。61. A解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage,even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.”可以推斷出這種白蝴蝶只吃卷心菜。62. A解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The diet of these animals will be different dependin

11、g on the season.”可以推斷出這些動(dòng)物的食物隨著季節(jié)而變化。63. D解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us.”可知我們經(jīng)常選擇食物是因?yàn)橄矚g而不是對(duì)身體有益,由此推斷出有些人會(huì)選擇不健康的食物。 第2題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（北京卷）)BThe Book of Life     So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living spe

12、cies（物種）, and thats just a small number of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.     A soon-to-be-sta

13、rted Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia （百科全書）of Life（EoL）. The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from sci

14、entific databases （數(shù)據(jù)庫） that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds theyve seen and where. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will rev

15、iew much of the information added to it.       As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature （以為特色）special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods. Another convenient feature of the EoL is that youll be abl

16、e to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and knowledge.       It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will s

17、peed up that Process.60. The Web-based EoL aims to_ .A. find out what covers the earthB. list all living things on EarthC. work out the number of birdsD. save the existing plants61. One characteristic of the EoL is that_ .A. it is run by school studentsB. it focuses on different types of grassC. it

18、provides different levels of informationD. it allows non-scientists to review its data62. In the last paragraph, "that process" means_ .A. analyzing species B. creating a new toolC. collecting dataD. describing species答案 60. B解析:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“The project aims to list every species on

19、 Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.”可知網(wǎng)上百科全書的目標(biāo)建立一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單易用的指引來列出地球上的所有物種。61. C解析:這是一道推理題。根據(jù)第四段“Another convenient feature of the EoL is that youll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age,and knowledge.”你可以找到適合自己的興趣、年齡和知識(shí)水平的信息,也就是說EoL有多層次信息適用于不同年齡段和興趣以

20、及知識(shí)水平的受眾。62. C解析:這是一道詞義推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段,“that process”就是指前一句中提到的工作,前一句是“It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.”科學(xué)家花費(fèi)了很多年來搜集用來分析和描述物種的數(shù)據(jù),所以“that process”指的是搜集數(shù)據(jù)。干擾項(xiàng)是A和D,分析和描述物種都是數(shù)據(jù)的用途而非在進(jìn)行的工作。 第3題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（天津卷）)DIn meditation(冥想)，people s

21、it quietly and focus their attention on their breath . As they breathe in and out , they attend to their feelings . As thoughts go through their minds. they let them go. Breathe . Let go . Breathe . Let go According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts. Three m

22、onths of training in this kind of meditation causes a market change in how the brain allocates(分配) attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than

23、 other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli( 刺激), like facial expressions. The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice. everything from driving to playing the piano. The study ha

24、s shown that meditation is good for the brain, It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being. In an experiment , 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day . A control group also with no meditation experi

25、ence meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period . Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both group looked for the numbers , their brain activity was recorded. Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less expe

26、rienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number . Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number . as if letting it go , which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number , This shows that attention can change with

27、practice. Just ask Daniel Levision , who meditated for three months as part of the study . ”I am a much better listener, ” he said. “ I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying. ”48. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to     A. feelings&

28、#160;   B. minds         C. people   D. thoughts49. Meditations manage their daily tasks better because they      A. are given less pressure B. allocate their attention better C. have more stimuli for life D. practi

29、ce them more frequently50. In the experiment, volunteers doing meditation for longer hours     A. were more likely to catch both of the members B. were used to memorizing numbers in groupsC. usually ignored the first number observedD. paid more attention to numbers than to letter

30、s51. The study proves that      A. meditation improves ones health B. brain activity can be recordedC. human attention can be trainedD. mediators have a good sense of hearing答案 48. D解析:這是一道指代題。根據(jù)第一段“As thoughts go though their minds,they let them go.”當(dāng)想法進(jìn)入意識(shí),冥想者忽略它們，可知忽略的是“t

31、houghts”。49. B解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“three months of training in this kind of meditation cause a marked change in how the brain allocates attention. ”可以推斷出冥想者更好管理日常任務(wù)是因?yàn)榇竽X可以更好地安排調(diào)節(jié)注意力。50. A解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number,as if letting it go which let t

32、o an increased ability to grasp the second number.”可以推斷出冥想訓(xùn)練多的人群雖然不對(duì)第一個(gè)數(shù)字關(guān)注那么多,但是抓住第二個(gè)數(shù)字的能力增強(qiáng)了,也就是說這些人更能同時(shí)記住兩個(gè)數(shù)字。51. C解析:這是一道歸納題。本文主要介紹冥想訓(xùn)練對(duì)大腦安排注意力的好處,證明了人的注意力是可以訓(xùn)練的。 第5題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（天津卷）)EWhen we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do th

33、ey operate?Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things, If this is even possible. it is short-term , and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will. they may do it because they feel they must , but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term ,

34、 They will also experience fear. Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best . If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you , and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot

35、 . but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively . Fear has no place in leadership. The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something , which may be part of the work

36、 day; or we can employ them at the emotional level , so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation(積極性)。Todays work place is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understa

37、nd the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor (因素) in the work life of most people. The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence-knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of

38、 others . Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills . 52. An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when_. A. he is forced to do thingsB. be can

39、not work at his best C. . he feels his brain shut downD. he thinks of his work as too heavy 53. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. People tend to associate leadership with fear B. Working conditions affect peoples physical healthC. Good relationship is the key to business suc

40、cessD. Smart people are more functional in the work place. 54. To positively influence employees a leader should first of all _A. provide better suggestionsB. develop his own personalityC. five his employees a pay raiseD. hide his own emotion of fear 55.Good leadership is mainly seen in a leaders ab

41、ility to_A . provide a variety of project for employeesB. help raise employees living standardsC. give employees specific instructionsD. deal wisely with employees emotions答案 52. A解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“If you order someone to do something against their will,they may do it because they feel they must.They

42、 will also experience fear.”所以恐懼來自于違反意愿而被強(qiáng)制做某事。53. C解析:這是一道判斷正誤題。根據(jù)最后一段“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence.”可以判斷出好的上下級(jí)關(guān)系是工作成功的保障。54. B解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第四段“or we can employ them at the emotional level,so they become fully devoted

43、to the projects and provide some of their own motivation.”和第五段“Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which theyre recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker.”可以推斷出應(yīng)該讓被雇傭者發(fā)揮自己的能動(dòng)性和個(gè)性,才能更好完成工作。55. D解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that c

44、omes from the confidence of emotional intelligenceknowing your own emotions,and how to handle them,and those of others.”可以判斷出這里面“others”就是指被雇傭者,所以好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以更好地處理被雇傭者的情緒。 第6題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（遼寧卷）)AWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been payin

45、g attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技術(shù)). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become dist

46、ant memory.    In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(細(xì)胞) are the basic

47、units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 21

48、00, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on-in much the same way our bodies make new skin

49、 cells to take the place of old ones.    It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.56. According to the passage, human de

50、ath is now mainly caused by _.A. diseases and aging                B. accidents and warC. accidents and aging               D. heart diseases and war57.In

51、the author's opinon, today's most important advance in technology lies in _.A. medicine      B. the internet     C. brain cells    D. human organs58. Humans may live longer in the future because _.A. heart disease will be far away f

52、rom usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine59. We can learn from the passage that _.A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the futureB. human have to take medicine to build new skin cells

53、 nowC. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer lifeD. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.答案 56. A解析:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段“Todays leading killers,such as heart disease,cancer,and aging itself,will become distant memories.”可知導(dǎo)致人類死亡的主要原因是疾病和衰老。57. A解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二

54、段“But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.”可以推斷出醫(yī)藥的改變是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代發(fā)展最大的技術(shù)。58. D解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine.medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so,people will be able to take medicine to repair thei

55、r organs.”可知醫(yī)藥將能夠修復(fù)人的器官使人活得更長。59. C解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.”可知還有很多技術(shù)問題需要解決,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)(延長人類生命的目的)。 第7題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（江蘇卷）) D ThinkingSome scientists claim that we humans are the only living things that are conscious(有意識(shí)的)-

56、we alone are aware that we are thinking.No one knows how consciousness works it is one of sciences last great mysteries.All your thoughts take place in the cerebrum(大腦皮質(zhì)),which is at the top of your brain, and different kinds of thought are linked to different areas, areas, called association areas.

57、Each half of the cerebrum has four rounded ends called lobes(腦葉)-two at the front (frontal and temporal lobes)and two at the back (occipital and parietal lobes).The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.The temporal lobe is where you hear and understan

58、d what people say to you.The occipital lobe is where you work out what your eyes see.The parietal lobe is where you record touch, heat and cold, and pain.The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body. The right half controls the left side.One half of the brain is always dominant (in

59、 charge).Usually, the left brain is dominant, which is why 90% of people are right-handed.68.Which part of your cerebrum is most active when you are making a telephone call?A. The frontal lobe.B. The temporal lobe.C. The occipital lobe.     D. The parietal lobe.69.Which of t

60、he following statements is true?A. Ones personality has something to do with the frontal lobe.B. Bright ideas come from the parietal lobe.C. The occipital and temperal lobes are at the back of the cerebrum.D. The occipital lobe is in charge of sound.70.From the passage, we know the reason why around

61、 10% of people are left-handed is that _.A.their frontal lobe is usually dominant                B.their temporal lobe is usually dominantC.their right brain is usually dominant        

62、         D.their left brain is usually dominant答案 68. B解析:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文中的“The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you.”可判斷出當(dāng)你打電話時(shí)temporal lobe最活躍,因?yàn)樗锹犚姾屠斫馊藗儗?duì)你說什么的部位。69. A解析:這是一道正誤判斷題。根據(jù)短文中的“The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.”可判斷出選項(xiàng)A是正確的。70.:C解析:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文中的“Usually,the left brain is dominant,which is why 90% of p