中考英語語法專題之名詞(含練習(xí)及答案)

1、教學(xué)課題名詞目標(biāo)知識目標(biāo)：理解掌握名詞的概念、基本用法。能力目標(biāo)：理解和靈活使用名詞，根據(jù)句子需要使用止確的名詞形式。重點難點重點：名詞的靈活使用；可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變形；名詞所有格。難點：理解英語里的單復(fù)數(shù)概念。過程1 .導(dǎo)入2 .名詞的概要3 .課堂同步練習(xí)與講評4 .小結(jié)-名詞的用法5 .拓展練習(xí)與講評名詞名詞思義：表示人、事物或抽象概念的詞。如 ：Shanghai, Lilei, desk專啟名詞普通名詞國名地名人名團體機構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不口數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞首字母大寫表單個的人或者事物表一群人或一些事物的總稱表無法分為個體的物質(zhì)表抽象概念的詞如：Jim, June, C

2、hina, Harbin.teacher, apple family, police water, money health, friendship 1.可數(shù)名詞（個體名詞和集體名詞）：號單復(fù)數(shù)之分A.不規(guī)則變化常見的有：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice.單復(fù)數(shù)同型：Chinese Japanese people sheep deer fish（中 日友好永不變 ） a Chinese-two Chinese; a Japanese- four Japanese（英法聯(lián)盟 a 變 e

3、） an English- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman-nine Frenchmen（其他后面加 s）a German-five GermansB.規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成例詞一般的詞+ sday-days desk-desks以 s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾+ esmatch-matches boss-bosses以0結(jié)尾有生命，+es;無生命，+stomatoes, potatoes, heroesphotos, kilos以輔音+ y結(jié)尾改y為i+ esbaby-babies fly-flies以f/fe結(jié)尾改f為v+ eswife-wives leaf-lea

4、ves1. Someandwill come to visit our school next month.A. Germans; Englishmans B. Germen; Englishmen C. Germans; Englishmen D. German; Englishman2.Look! There are threeand twoat the school gate. Let ' s show them around our school.A. Frenchman; German B. Frenchmen; German C. Frenchmen; Germans D.

5、 Frenchmans; Germans寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1pieceshoeorangelake2busfoxglasswish3bodycityenemybaby4boykeyholidayway5lifeleafyourselfwolf6zoopianoradiophoto7tomatoherotoothfoot8manwomanfishermanapple9GermanChinesechildsheep1要變,girl和boy卻不變C.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則 ：man和woman者1men doctorsboy students2women driversgirl football

6、 players1. They areA.man doctor B.men doctors C.men doctorD.man doctorsD.常考可數(shù)名詞A. sleepB. chanceC. mistakeD. problem2.-Lily, could you please pass me the? I want to cut the apple.-Sure, here you are.A. penB. pencilC.bookD. knifeknifestomachachetoothachecoldfevercoughsecondminutequarterhourweekyearch

7、ancemistakequestionproblemideasuggestionsizeshapeinventiondiscoverymessagedifferencedecisioninvitationconcertplayticketsightvoicetastesmellexpressionintroductioncelebration1.If you work harder, you'll have anotherto play the violin at a concert.E.常見復(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)志all/bothmany/ somea few/fewthese/thoseare/w

8、ere基數(shù)詞two.several 幾個otherdifferent什Tli現(xiàn)在日的條件下，遇到復(fù)數(shù)名詞，或代詞，動詞用原形：we all come from China.1. Those white sockssmall.A. areB. isC. amD. do2. How manydo they have?A. pictureB. picturesC. a picture3. We are, but they are.A. Germans; JapaneseB. Germen; Japanese C. Germans; JapanesesD. Germen; Japanese4. tur

9、n green in spring.A. LeafB. LeavesC. LeaveD. Leafs5. Look ! The kites in the sky are in different. Some are big and some are small.A. sizeB. sizesC. colorD. colors6. I can see someon the hill.A. sheeps and deersB. sheep and deer C. sheeps and deerD. sheep and deers2. /、可數(shù)名詞（1） /、可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能與a/an或具

10、體數(shù)字連用，但特指某物時可以與定冠詞the連用。(2)要表示一/E的數(shù)重時，常與 a cup of, a piece of詞連用，如 a cup of tea -; two bottles of water 兩瓶水（3）只能修飾不M數(shù)名詞的詞有:a little（ 一點）,little（幾乎沒有）,much/a great deal of/a large amount of（許多）workhomeworkweatheradvicenewsprogressinformationhouseworkfunweightknowledgeEnglishfooddrinkorangericebreadme

11、atchickenporkbeefmilkwater1 . -What would you like to drink, girls?-, please.A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees2 . -After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.-Why not buy someto drink?A. breadB. noodlesC. apple juiceD. teas3 .-What a goodyou've gi

12、ven me! Thanks a lot.-My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. suggestion D. advice4 .-Can I help you ?-Yes. I want to get someabout the trip to America.A. newsB. informations C. help D. advice5 . Your mother cooks nice. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefs C. eggs D. dumplings6 .-How can I get some abou

13、t the 2016 Olympic Games?-Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experience C. practiceD. success7 .about the sports meeting make us excited.A. News B. Information C. Messages D. Advice8 .The Belt and Road initiative（ 一帶一路倡議 ）will help China improve with lots of countries.A. relationship B. ag

14、reement C. environment D. progress3.名詞的所有格：在英語中，有生命的名詞及表示時間、距離、國家、城市的名詞，常在詞尾加s表示所屬關(guān)系，叫做名詞的所有格。翻譯成 ："的"。如:Tom's bike （湯姆的單車）。名詞的所有格例詞、例句直接在詞尾加'sKate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格，在詞尾加Teachers' Day, students' books表示兩人共同擁有的人或物，在舟-個人名后加'sLucy and

15、 Lily's mother （共同的媽媽）表示兩人分別擁有的人或物，則兩個人名后都要加'sTom's and Jim's rooms （各自的房間） 表某人的家、店鋪、住宅、公共建筑等地名時，所有格后面的名詞常常省略at the doctor's（在醫(yī)務(wù)室）;at Tom's （在湯姆的家） 表示無生命名詞的所有格，用of表達the door of the room, the color of the clothes 雙重所有格：用's所有格/名詞性物主代詞與of所有格相結(jié)合。A friend of my father's, a

16、 book of mine1 .-Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? -No, it's my. He left it there just now.A. brotherB. brother's C. brothers' D. brothers2 .Mr. Black is a teacher of. She and her classmates like him very much.A. my sister B. my sister's C. my sisters D. my sisters'3. A frie

17、nd of myand I are going to visitnext week.A. father; Browns B. father's; the Browns C. father; the Browns D. father's; Browns4. Joan issister.A. Mary and Jack B. Mary's and Jack's C. Mary's and Jack D. Mary and Jack's注意:但是有些表示時間、距離、重量、價值、國家和城市等無生命的名詞，也可加s構(gòu)成所有格今天的報紙today's

18、 newspaper八天的假期an 8-day holidayeight days' holiday五分鐘的步行路程a five-minute walkfive minutes' walk結(jié)論：“數(shù)詞-名詞-形容詞”可構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞。兩個或多個單詞中間可以用“-”連接，起一個相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用，這類詞叫做合成詞。一般構(gòu)成規(guī)則就是構(gòu)成其的單詞一般都要用原形。1 .-How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha?-It is aflight from Tianjin to Changsha.A. 2-hour-longB.2-hours-longC.

19、2 hours' longD.2 hour long2 .-We'll have aholiday. What about going to Shaoshan? -Good idea!A. 3 days'B. 3 day'sC. a 3-daysD. 3-day3 .-Let' s take a bus. It' sride from here to the city park. -Okay.A. a forty minute B. a forty-minute C. a forty-minutesD. a forty minute's4

20、 .【易混詞辨析】 suggestion, advicesuggestion表小"建議"，是可數(shù)名詞1. Can you give me someon how to learn English well?2. He has got a goodto deal with his old books.advice表示"建議;忠告"，是不可數(shù)名詞(2) a number of, the number ofa number of表tk "大量的；許多"，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:A number of persons are playing che

21、ss.the number of 表示"的數(shù)重"，謂語動詞單數(shù)。如:The number of people in the room is 50.1.number of foreign students are studying in this college.2.number of American students is over 30.(3) news, information, message, instructionnews表7K "新聞；消息”，是不可數(shù)名詞。如:two pieces of newsinformation表示"息;資料&quo

22、t;，側(cè)重/息的價值，是不可數(shù)名詞。如：some informationmessage表示"口信；消息"，側(cè)重信息的簡短，是可數(shù)名詞。常用詞組:leave a messaged言)instruction表小"說明；須知;教導(dǎo)"，是可數(shù)名詞。如:some instructions1 .What bad! The school trip will be put off because of the sports meeting.2 .-I don't know how to use this machine. -It doesn't matt

23、er. Here are the.3 .Would you please give ato Li Lei? He is not at school.4 .Can you provide me with someabout the trip?(4)部分單詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時的含義不同：可數(shù)/、可數(shù)1.room房間空間I wants a piano in my room, but there is little room in it.2.orange橙子橙汁There is an orange and two bottles of orange on the desk.3.glass玻璃杯玻

24、璃These glasses are made of glass.4.chicken小雞雞肉In order to eat chicken in the Spring Festival, my grandma raised many chickens.5.time次數(shù)時間I have enough time to read this book three times.(5) job, workjob "工作"，是可數(shù)名詞。1 .He has lost three, because he doesn'thard.2 .Do you want tolate? We wi

25、ll have afor you as awaiter.work "工作"，作不可數(shù)名詞或動詞；(6) house, family, homehouse表示"住宅”，指的是具體的房子或建筑物。I bought a new house in Zhongshan.family表示"家;家庭"，也可指全體家庭成員。Tom has a big family. There are six people in his family.home 忌為"家"，帶后眷戀等感情色彩。For staying far away from home,

26、she felt a bit homesick sound, voice, noisesound "嚴(yán)日"，總稱1.Themade me feel annoyed. I want to be in a quiet place.voice "嗓音",主要指人的聲音2 .The teacher said in a loud,3 .At the foot of the hill you could hear the_"Please keep silent."of the running water.noise指"噪音"。

27、1. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a.A. notice B. message C. sentence D .information2. There are number of foreign students in the university; number of it is 200.A. the ; a B. a ; the C. a ; a D. the ; the3. I found a new in this city. I'm very busy and have a lot of to do every day.A

28、. job, works B. work , job C. work , jobs D. job , work4. -I don't' know how to study English. Can you give me some?-My are speaking more and listening more.A. ideas; advices B. advices, suggestions C. advice; suggestions D. ideas ; suggestion5. She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhe

29、n has become her second.A. homeB. familyC. houseD. room6. I like eating, so my mother feeds some every day.A. chickens; chicken B. chicken; chickens C. chickens ; chickens D. chicken ; chicken7. -Listen. Can you hear anything ? -Yes, That's the of the running water.A. soundB. voiceC. noiseD. sho

30、ut拓展練習(xí)選擇最佳答案。1. -Would you like? -Thank you, but I'm not thirsty.A. some bread B. some sandwiches C. some mooncakes D some orange2. These speak very good.A. Germany, English B. Germens, England C. Germans, English D. Germen, English3. Some of them are.A. woman doctors B. woman doctor C. women do

31、ctors D. women doctor4. My father told me just now.A. two pieces of news B. two pieces of new C. two news D. two pieces of newses5. Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.A. person, life B. people, lives C. peoples, lives D. persons, life6. Look, these eating grass on the hill.A. sheep

32、is B. sheeps is C. sheep are D. sheeps are7. There are some in these.A. knifes; pencil-boxes B. knives; pencils-box C. knives; pencil-box D .knives; pencil-boxes8. are usually careful in doing exercises.A. Girl students B. Girls students C. Girls' students D. Girl's students9. -Are you sure

33、this is a photo, the famous comedy actress?-It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin.A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's10. - How far is your home from school ?-About walk.A. five minute's B. five minutes' C. five minutes D. five-minute11. P

34、lease pass me scissors. Ill do the paper cutting for my art homework.A. a group of B. a piece of C. a pair of D. a couple of12. The broken may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles13. Mickey mouse is one of the most famous in American.A. s

35、ymbol; culture B. symbol ; cultures C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures14. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.A. Woman B. Women C. Woman's D. Women's15. -Mum, I've heard that we can't eat these days. Is it true?-Take it easy. It's safe

36、to eat cooked meat.A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chickenA. bird16. The students of Grade Seven visited Mike's farm and saw many there.B. duckC. sheepD. rabbit17. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.A. weightB. weights18.-What would

37、 you like to eat?C. heightD. heights-Some, please.A. breadB. cakeC. coffeeD. tea19. All the enjoyed themselves on March 8 th because it was their own holiday.A. men workers B. women workers C. woman workers D. man workers20. Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the.A. kitchenB. gardenC. ba

38、throomD. bedroom21. -Yan Jiashuo, a girl, has won the prize of Master of Memory. -Wow, she's great, isn't she?A. ten-year-oldB. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old22. -It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.-Yes, it's an important way of for them.A. suggest

39、ion B. vacation C. question D. communication23. He was born in Germany, but he has made China his.A. familyB. address C. houseD. home24. It's sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.A. boyB. boysC. boy'sD. boys'25. -It's hot today. Have some, plea

40、se.-No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.A. waterB. potatoesC. breadD. cakes能力提升選擇最佳答案。1. -is coming. What can I get for my mother? - What about a scarf?A. Women's Day B. Woman's Day C. Womens' Day D. Womans' Day2. Mr. Li is always patient to give me on how to work out the problem.

41、A. an adviceB. many advices C. some advice D. some suggestion3. -Whose room is this? Is it the? -Yes, it is.A. twins' Tom and Tim's B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's C. twins' Tom and Tim D. twins ; Tom and Tim's4. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the English Training.A. two month B. two-months C