商務英語BEC寫作超詳細講義

1、BEC初級寫作第一課時BEC寫作概述BEC寫作簡介：寫作考試與閱讀共同進行，建議占用30分鐘，寫作分數(shù)占總成績的25%。1 寫作目的與要求1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message.更多的報名信息和成績查詢方法請上網了解： 教育部考試中心2 測試

2、范圍與選材 1、身份介紹 (Personal Identification) 2、 工作環(huán)境與日常事務 (The office，general business，environment and routine) 3、接待與閑暇活動 (Entertainment of clients，free time，relationships with colleagues and clients) 4、商務旅行 (Travel) 5、健康 (Health) 6、購買與銷售 (Buying and selling) 7、公司結構、系統(tǒng)及程序 (Company structures，systems，proce

3、sses) 8、產品與服務 (Products and services) 9、成果與成就 (Results and achievements) 其外，還會涉及其他的一般商務話題（Business issues）。3 測試題型分析 BEC初級考試寫作部分的試題包括兩項內容：第一項要求寫一則3040詞的商務便函或商務便條；第二項要求寫一篇6080詞的商務書信或商務報告。 下表是劍橋ESOL提供的考試說明列出的BEC初級考試寫作部分的試題種類和格式。1 / 65PART Functions/Communicative TaskInput Response Register1Writing a no

4、te, message, memo or e-mail, for example to (re-)arrange appointments, ask for permission or give instructionsRubric only plus layout of output text typeInternal communication30 40 wordsNeutral/formal2Writing a letter, fax or e-mail, for example to apologise and offer compensation, make or alter res

5、ervations, deal with requests, or give information about a productOne piece of input which may be business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (the medium may be a note, memo or e-mail), notice, advert. etc. (plus layout of output text type, unless a le

6、tter)Business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail) 60 80 wordsNeutral/formal題型： 1商務便條、便函類；2. 商務書信類注意：BEC不是單純的英語考試，也不是考察商務知識。對策：學習、模仿高水平的論文例題：Part Onel You have to organise an urgent meeting at 9am tomorrow with all the staff from your department.l Write an email to the staff:l

7、saying when the meeting will bel telling them where the meeting will bel explaining what the meeting will be aboutl Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.注意區(qū)分英式拼寫和美式拼寫，BEC兩者都接受。英美語言書寫上還有其他區(qū)別，比如日期表達、個別詞義等。注意時間的正確表達方法。如nine am, 9:00am, 15 oclock等為錯誤用法。注意題目當中有需要自己發(fā)揮的內容點。相關詞匯 meeting seminar conf

8、erence conventionlecture, seminar, tutorialreserve, bookconference organiser, hotel, conference centreconference facilities: laser/inkjet printer, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), telephone, fax machine, scanner, computer, internet connectionscatering: dinner, buffet, tea便函便條類題目的結構Input: situ

9、ation descriptionTask: memo, note, email content pointsWrite: internal message (30-40 words)注意：格式；發(fā)揮部分要確切評分標準Task 1分數(shù)全部完成大體要求，包含所有內容點，閱讀不費力。5很好完成答題要求，包含所有內容點，閱讀需要一些努力。4答題令人滿意，包含兩條內容點3一條內容點也沒能完成，和（或）有明顯的遺漏或不相關內容2不能完成任務；沒有提到內容點，內容幾乎不相關，可能誤解題目要求。1沒有相關的回答或表達方式單一，不能給分0注意：content; accuracy; conciseness商務書

10、信類 這一題型要求考生根據(jù)所提供的短文，如書信、傳真、便函、留言條(電話留言條)等，起草一封書信，字數(shù)要求達到120140詞左右。題目結構：Input: 1 situation description 2 task 3 target readerReading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)Write: business letter (60-80 words)注意字數(shù)問題例題Part Twol Read this part of a letter fro

11、m John Biggs, who is the president of a business club.As President of the Clifton Business Club, I would like to invite you to speak at our annual dinner on 5 July. The dinner which starts at 7.30pm, will be held at the Mayflower Restaurant, Clifton.I hope that you are able to accept the invitation

12、and would be grateful if you could give me the subject of your talk, so that I can include it on the invitations to our members.I look forward to receiving your reply as soon as possible.l Write a letter to Mr Biggs:l accepting the invitationl telling him the subject of your talkl asking how long th

13、e talk should bel enquiring whether accommodation will be arranged for you.l Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet.l Do not include postal addresses.注意：1 適當發(fā)揮 2不要跑題 3 目標讀者 4 不要抄襲三種對策：a 換句型e.g. This rule applies in every case. There are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句變否定句)b 換同義詞e.g. The arguments pu

14、t forward by these two authors are nearly the same.The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical.c 改詞性e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.第二課時

15、BEC寫作的語言、語法評分標準：級別Task 2分數(shù)5全部完成答題要求l 包含全部4個內容點。l 語言自信和有強烈的表達愿望；由于強烈愿望和沒有阻礙而錯誤較少l 多樣化的語言結構和豐富的詞匯量。l 有效地組織，適當?shù)氖褂靡恍┖唵蔚倪B接方式。l 語域和格式完全適當。給讀者的印象極佳。9或10分4較好的完成答題要求l 包含3或4條內容點。l 有使用語言的強烈愿望；一些沒有妨礙的錯誤。l 結構和詞匯范圍超過要求。l 大體上組織較好，注意前后呼應。l 語域和格式總體來說適當。給讀者的印象良好。7或8分3尚能達到答題要求l 包含3條內容點。l 出現(xiàn)一些錯誤，但不妨礙交流。l 結構和詞匯掌握范圍適度。l

16、組織和連貫性總體上令人滿意。l 語域和格式尚可，雖然并不完全成功。給讀者滿意的印象。5或6分2不能完全達到答題要求l 包含了2或3條內容點。l 大量錯誤，有時妨礙交流。l 結構、詞匯掌握范圍有限。l 內容條理不清、不連貫，造成理解困難。給讀者的印象不佳。3或4分1未能達到答題要求l 包含1或2條內容點。l 嚴重不規(guī)范，經常出現(xiàn)基本錯誤。l 題目要求的結構和詞匯幾乎沒有提到。l 缺乏組織，造成交流失敗。l 幾乎沒有使用適當?shù)恼Z域和格式。給讀者的印象極差。1或2分0什么要求也沒完成。字數(shù)少于所需字數(shù)的25%，或是完全不能辨認或是完全不切題。0分評分五個方面：1 content2 language3

17、 structure & vocabulary4 organisation5 register展開論述上面的5個方面1 內容的完整性2 語言 6C原則1準確(correctness) 包括四層意義，即閱讀人能理解、接受的英語水平；使用精確措詞，傳達準確信息；正確地使用語法和標點符號；拼寫正確。 (1)恰當?shù)恼Z言風格 請比較下面兩組例詞： Formal Informal approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult u

18、tilize AboutAskfind outreceivehelpsharebuildbuygiveenoughharduse (2)準確的措詞和信息 下面列出的是一系列極易混淆的單詞及詞組，請注意區(qū)分： a lot / allotall right / alright cannot / can not different from / different than . due to / because of effect / affect fewer / less lie / lay principal / principle that /whichtheir / them / they&

19、#39; re wait for / wait on who / whom (3)正確的語法和標點符號 2清楚(Clarity) (1)邏輯布局(Logical Organization) 常用的邏輯布局方法包括： 因果關系(Cause & Effect) 時間順序(Chronological Development) 序列順序(Sequential Development) 比較(Comparison) 一般到特殊(From General to Specific) 特殊到一般(From Specific to General) (2)合理構架句群與段落(Well-Written S

20、entences & Paragraphs) 例句： 修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(

21、3)統(tǒng)一性與一致性(Unity and Coherence) (4)強調(Emphasis) 位置 重復 數(shù)量 技巧 (5) 將句中關系緊密的詞盡量靠近。 比較下面三對句子：A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boile

22、d.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.(6) 避免在同一個句子中使用意義不同的同一個字。 We shall take a firm line with the firm We shall take a strong line with the film 3簡潔(Conciseness) A. We hav

23、e begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines.B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C .

24、We require furniture which is of the new type. We require new-type furniture.(1) 使用簡潔的語言(Use simple language)盡量使用 避免使用pleasewill you be good enough topreferexpress a preference forbecausefor the reason that(2) 少用陳詞濫調(Omit trite expressions)as the case may beit has come to my attentionat an early age

25、 avail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawn pursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact that thanking you in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you under separate cover with kindest regards I wish to state(3) 避免冗長的表達方式和不必要的重復(avoid wordy expressions & un

26、necessary repetition)。 WordyConcise1. We would like toplease2. For the month of Augustfor August3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknow4. A long period of timea long time5. At this timenow6. Is at this timeis7. The weight was higher thanthe weight was greater than8. I expected it to beexpected9. Duri

27、ng the year of 1995during 199510. For the development offor developing11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas12. The problem was that the car would notthe car would not start start13. Square in shapesquare14. in accordance with your requestyou requested15. Sign on the front of this formsign this form16.

28、During the time thatwhile17. Consensus of opinionwe agree18. Remember the fact thatremember19, Held a meetingmet20. this is the situation at this timenow(4)刪改無關緊要的成份(Remove unneeded facts) A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.C. Please

29、be advised that we have received your invoice.1. as soon as possible by July 102. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated3. at all times always4. at this time now5. continue to utilize the old form untilstart using the new form on February such time as the new form is available6. despite th

30、e fact thatdespite7. for the month of Aprilfor April8. for obvious reason thatbecause9. I would ask that youpleaseI0. in conjunction withwith11. in the mere recent pastrecently12. in the unlikely event thatif13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting be on t

31、ime, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact thatbecause15. it will be greatly appreciated if youplease16. our production of the new product willproduction will begin on July 1 commence on July 117. please be advised that we expect you toplease review the contract review the enclosed contrac

32、t(5) 多使用主動語態(tài)的句子結構以明確表達意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week Johnsons will pay their accounts next week4具體(Concreteness)(1) 盡可能地提供明確、具體的信息。A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance. These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the eq

33、uipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute. (2) 使用具體詞匯 A. We have no hesitation in advising you We advise youB. The preparation of new price sc

34、ale is in hand. New price scales are being prepared this week.C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,As the request is unusual, a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less 5完整(Completeness) 自查：誰(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么時候(When)

35、? 在哪里(Where)? 為什么(Why)? 怎么樣(How)? 6禮貌(Courtesy) 例如：Dear Mrs. Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on handYours truly,修改： Dear Mrs. Walters If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model G

36、SP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock. The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.Yours sincerely (1) 使用禮貌友好的詞匯A. 說“Thank you" , 例如

37、:Thank you for your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information.(2)體諒對方的寫作態(tài)度(You-Attitude)Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.Reader emphasis:You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emp

38、hasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.Reader emphasis:To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis:I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.Reader emphasis:Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter empha

39、sis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis:A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some sm

40、all part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require.(3) 措辭得體(Appropriate Wording)a避免采用消極性的詞匯或句式Negative Wording:The office is closed after four O'clock,Positive Wording:The office is open until four O'clock.Negative Wording:When I receiv

41、ed your complaint, I checked our records.Positive Wording:When I received your letter, I checked our records.Negative Wording:Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.Positive Wording:The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.Negative Wor

42、ding:You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:Please refer to my June 10th letter.Negative Wording:The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording:Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up

43、?Negative Wording:Your letter was not clear,Positive Wording:I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.b.有失禮貌的言詞We deny your claimcomplaintWe do not believeconfusionWe are not surecontraryWe find it difficult to understandcontrivanceWe

44、expectdelinquentWe insistdenyWe are forceddisagreeableWe take issueexasperateYou forgotfailureYou neglectedignoranceYou failed toimpatienceYou misunderstoodincompetentYou mustincredibleYou should knowinexcusableYou do not haveinferenceYou are delinquentinsincereYou insist thatinsinuateYou did not sa

45、yinsultingYour ignoringintolerableYour credit refusalirresponsibleYour recent complaintirritatedYour failure tolackYour misunderstandingneglectYour neglectful attitudeobjectionYour disregard forobnoxiousYour insinuationoffensiveYour lack of communicationunbelievableYour delinquent accountuncooperati

46、ve(4)避免使用有性別歧視之嫌的詞語A用“person”代替第三人稱單數(shù)。例如:Instead of:Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.Say:Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.B有一些常用的商務英語詞匯有性別歧視之嫌，應該稍加改變。 Instead of SayBusinessman Businessmen Chairman Foremen Salesman

47、Spokesman Stockboy Workman business personemployeeschairpersonsupervisorssales representative / sales personspokespersonstock clerkemployee / worker(5) 及時答復(Timely Response)例：We will examine your camera to determine the shutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs

48、axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs.例：Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he returns.語法常見的詞的語法形式錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在如下幾個方面：1、名詞(包括詞組或短語)單、復數(shù)變化名詞的單、復數(shù)變化主要影響謂語數(shù)的形式，這是在短文寫作中常見的一種錯誤

49、。例 誤：Many kinds of aircrafts were involved in the attack of the harbor. 正：Many kinds of aircraft were involved in the attack of the harbor.分析：有些名詞的單、復數(shù)相同。像這樣的名詞還有sheep, deer, fish, trout, means, Chinese, works (工廠) 等。2、搭配錯誤詞的搭配錯誤主要指名詞、動詞形容詞與介詞搭配錯誤。例 誤：We are paid in the month but they are paid in th

50、e day. 正：We are paid by the month but they are paid by the day.分析：pay somebody by the month or by the day屬固定搭配，意為“按月(按日)付酬”。再如：Eggs are sold by the dozen. (雞蛋論打賣)3、動詞的語法錯誤動詞的語法錯誤涉及動詞的及物性和不及物性、動詞的時態(tài)變化、動詞的延時性和瞬時性、動詞的同義性以及動詞的語態(tài)特征等。例 誤：The man dressing a black jacket is wearing a boy. 正：The man wearing

51、a black jacket is dressing a boy.分析：上面這句話不僅反映了動詞的搭配關系，而且同時也反映了動詞的延時性特征。Dress常用的結構是：be dressed in, dress oneself in和dress somebody(給某人穿衣服)，既可以表動作，也可以表狀態(tài)。而wear一詞只能表示狀態(tài)，而不能表示動作。4、副詞用法錯誤副詞用法錯誤主要涉及到一些容易混淆的副詞，例 誤：He spent sometime working in the garden every day. 正：He spent some time working in the garden

52、 every day.分析：sometime是個副詞，意為“在任何時候，在不固定的某個時候”(at one time or anther, at some indefinite time).some time是個名詞短語，意為“一些時間”。Sometimes意為“有時、間或”(at times, now and then).再如：I shall go to see sometime next month . (我下個月某個時候將去看她。) He smokes sometimes . (他有時抽煙)第三課時句子應用方面的語法錯誤主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：1. Sentence fragments

53、句子片斷原句：Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption. Although caffeine does cause death in certain animals.改正：2nd sentence = fragmentScientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption, although caffeine does cause death in certain animals.2. Sentence sprawlThe hearing was planned for Monday, December 2, but not all of the wit