Chapter5 Computer section 5-3 Input and Output Devices 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語課件

1、Chapter 5Computer Section 3 Input and Output Devicesn Textn New Words and Expressionsn Exercisesn Endn Transition of Sentence PatternSection 3 Input and Output DevicesExpansion Slots, Card, And Ports Within a computer, data travels from one component to another over circuits called a data bus. One p

2、art of the data bus runs between RAM and the microprocessor. Another part of the data bus runs between RAM and various storage devices. The segment of the data bus that extends between RAM and peripheral devices is called the expansion bus. As data moves along the expansion bus, it may travel throug

3、h expansion slots, cards, ports, and cables. Section 3 Input and Output Devices An expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the motherboard into which you can plug an expansion card. An expansion card is a small circuit board that provides a computer with the ability to control a storage device, a

4、n input device, or an output device. Expansion cards are also called expansion boards, controller cards, or adapters. Section 3 Input and Output Devices Most desktop computers have four to eight expansion slots, but some of the slots usually contain expansion cards. A graphics card (sometimes called

5、 a video card) provides a path for data traveling to the monitor. A modem provides a way to transmit data over phone lines or cable television lines. A sound card carries data out to speakers and headphones, or back from a microphone. A network card allows you to connect your computer to a local are

6、a network. You might add other expansion cards if you want to connect a scanner or download videos from a camera or VCR. Section 3 Input and Output Devices A desktop computer may have up to three types of expansion slots:（1）ISA (industry standard architecture) slots are an old technology, used today

7、 only for some modems and other relatively slow devices. Many new computers have few or no ISA slots.（2）PCI (peripheral component interconnect) slots offer fast transfer speeds and 32-bit or 64-bit data bus. These slots typically house a graphics card, sound card, video capture card, modem, or netwo

8、rk interface card. Section 3 Input and Output Devices （3）AGP (accelerated graphics port) slots provide a high-speed data pathway that is primarily used for graphics cards.Most notebook computers are equipped with a special type of external slot called a PCMCIA slot (personal computer memory card int

9、ernational association). Typically, a notebook computer has only one of these slots, but the slot can hold more than one PC card. Section 3 Input and Output Devices An expansion port is any connector that passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device. Ports are sometimes called jacks or

10、connectors. An expansion port is often housed on an expansion card so that it is accessible through an opening in the back of the computers system unit. A port might also be built into the system unit case of a desktop or notebook computer. The built-in ports that are supplied with a computer usuall

11、y include a mouse port, keyboard port, serial port, and USB port. Ports that have been added with expansionSection 3 Input and Output Devicescards usually protrude through rectangular cutouts in the back of the case.DISPLAY DEVICES The two key components of a computer display system include a graphi

12、cs card and a display device, such as a monitor or LCD screen. A graphics card contains circuitry that generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen. It also contains special video memory, which stores screen images as they are processed, before they are displayed. Many graphics cards

13、contain special graphicsSection 3 Input and Output Devicesaccelerator technology to boost performance for 3-D graphics applications, including computer games.For many years, CRT monitors were the only game in town for desktop computer displays. CRT (cathode ray tube) technology uses gun-like mechani

14、sms to direct beams of electrons toward the screen and activate individual dots of color that form an image. As an alternative to CRT monitors, an LCD (liquid crystal display) produces an image by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal cells . LCDs are standard equipment onSection 3 Inp

15、ut and Output Devicesnotebook computers. Recently, stand-alone LCDs, referred to as LCD monitors or flat panel displays, have also become available for desktop computers. Image quality is a factor of screen size, dot pitch, resolution, and color depth. Screen size is the measurement in inches from o

16、ne corner of the screen diagonally across to the opposite corner. Typical monitor screen sizes range from 13 to 21. Dot pitch (dp) is a measure of image clarity. A smaller dot pitch means a crisper image. Section 3 Input and Output DevicesTechnically, dot pitch is the distance in millimeters between

17、 like-colored pixelsthe small dots of light that form an image. A dot pitch between .26 and .23 is typical for todays monitors. Your computers graphics card sends an image to the monitor at a specific resolution, defined as the maximum number of horizontal and vertical pixels that are displayed on t

18、he screen. Standard resolutions include 640480, 800600, and 1024768. at higher resolutions, text and other objects appear smaller , but the computer canSection 3 Input and Output Devicesdisplay a larger work area, such as an entire page of a document. The number of colors that a monitor and graphics

19、 card can display is referred to as color depth or bit depth. Most PCs have the capability to display millions of colors. When set at 24-bit color depth (sometimes called True Color) your PC can display more than 16 million colorsand produce what are considered to be photographic-quality image. Wind

20、ows allows you to select resolution and color depth. Most desktop owners choose 24-bit color at 1024768 resolution. Section 3 Input and Output DevicesPRINTERS Printer technologies popularly include ink jet, laser, and dot matrix recently. These printers differ in resolution and speed, which affect t

21、he print quality and price. Resolution. The quality or sharpness of printed images and text depends on the printers resolutionthe density of the gridwork of dots that create an image. Printer resolution is measured by the number of dots it can print per linear inch, abbreviated as dpi. At normal rea

22、ding distance , aSection 3 Input and Output Devicesresolution of about 900 dots per inch appears solid to the human eye, but a close examination of color sections will reveal a dot pattern. Although 900 dpi might be considered sufficient for some magazines, expensive coffee-table books are typically

23、 produced on printers with 2,400 dpi or higher. Print speed. Printer speeds are measured either by pages per minute (ppm) or characters per second (cps). Color printers typically take longer than black-and-white printouts. Pages that contain mostly text tend to print more rapidly than pagesSection 3

24、 Input and Output Devicesthat contain graphics. Ten pages per minute is a typical speed for a personal computer printer. An ink jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper to form characters and graphics. Todays most popular printer technology, ink jet printers produce low-co

25、st color or black-and-white printouts. The print head in a color ink jet printer consists of a series of nozzles, each with its own ink cartridge. Most ink jet printers use CMYK color, which requires only cyan (blue), magenta (pink), yellow, and black inks to create a printoutSection 3 Input and Out

26、put Devicesthat appears to have thousands of colors. Alternatively, some printers use six colors to print midtone shades that create slightly more realistic photographic images. A laser printer uses the same technology as a photocopier to paint dots of light on a light-sensitive drum. Electrostatica

27、lly charged ink is applied to the drum, then transferred to paper. Section 3 Input and Output Devices Laser printers accept print commands from a personal computer, but use their own printer language to construct a page before printing it. Printer Control Language is the most widely used printer lan

28、guage, but some printers use the PostScript language, which is preferred by many publishing professionals. Printer languages require memory, and most laser printers have between 2 MB and 8 MB. A large memory capacity is required to print color images and graphics-intensive documents. Section 3 Input

29、 and Output Devices A dot matrix printer produces characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires. As the print head noisily clatters across the paper, the wires strike the ribbon and paper in a pattern prescribed by your PC. Dot matrix printers can print text and graphicssome even print in co

30、lor using a multicolored ribbon. Most printers include a cable that connects to one of your computers ports. A parallel port is most commonly used, but some printers are designed to connect to a USB port or a serial port. Section 3 Input and Output Devices Many printers come packaged with device dri

31、ver software. You must install that software following the manufacturers directions. If your computer uses Windows, youll probably have to use the Start button to access the Printers window, where you can select the newly installed printer as the default printerthe one you will use regularly. Return

32、New Words and Expressionsslot n. 槽expansion slot擴(kuò)展槽port n. 端口data bus數(shù)據(jù)總線expansion bus擴(kuò)展總線socketn. 插座，插口expansion card 擴(kuò)展卡adaptern. 適配器 New Words and ExpressionsUSB universal series bus 通用串行總線storage device存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備download v.; n. 下載ISA (industry standard architecture)工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)PCI (peripheral component inte

33、rconnect)外部設(shè)備互連video capture card視頻捕獲卡interfacen.; v. 接口AGP (accelerated graphics port) 加速圖形端口 New Words and Expressionsserial port 串行端口jack n. 插座，插孔，插口，彈簧開關(guān)protrudev.（使）伸出，突出，推出cutoutn. 中斷裝置，斷流器，斷路器CRT (cathode ray tube)陰極射線管LCD (liquid crystal display)液晶顯示dots of color色點(diǎn)stand-alone獨(dú)立的New Words and

34、 Expressionsdiagonally ad. 對(duì)角地dot pitch點(diǎn)距clarityn. 清晰度pixel n. 像素，圖素，像元resolution n. 分辨率, 分辨度ink jet噴墨printoutn. 打印輸出 nozzlen. 噴管，噴頭，噴嘴New Words and Expressionscartridgen. 夾頭，卡盤cyan a.; n. 藍(lán)綠色的，藍(lán)綠色magentaa.; n. 深紅色的，深紅色photocopiern. 照相復(fù)印機(jī)，影印機(jī)light-sensitivea. 光敏的drum n. 磁鼓electrostatically ad. 靜電地 N

35、ew Words and Expressionsmulticoloreda. 多色的defaultn. 缺省，默認(rèn)ribbonn. 色帶 ReturnTransition of Sentence Patterns 在翻譯過程中，可以根據(jù)原文的具體情況，按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，對(duì)原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)換。有些轉(zhuǎn)換方法已經(jīng)在前面章節(jié)作過介紹，如長(zhǎng)句分譯法等。下面介紹其他幾種較常用的轉(zhuǎn)換方式 1. 1. 否定變肯定譯法否定變肯定譯法 該方法是將原文中否定的表達(dá)形式譯成肯定形式。(1) Until recently geneticists were not interested in particula

36、r genes. 基因?qū)W家們最近才開始對(duì)特定基因感興趣。(2) Dont start working before having checked the instrument thoroughly. 要對(duì)儀器徹底檢查才能開始工作。Transition of Sentence Patterns 1. 1. 否定變肯定譯法否定變肯定譯法(3) The flowing of electricity through a wire is not unlike that of water through a pipe. 電流過導(dǎo)線就像水流過管子一樣。Transition of Sentence Patte

37、rns2. 2. 肯定變否定譯法肯定變否定譯法 是將原文中肯定的表達(dá)形式譯成否定形式。(1) The influence of temperature on the conductivity of metals is slight. 溫度對(duì)金屬的導(dǎo)電性影響不大。(2) As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material. 由于橡膠不導(dǎo)電，所以用作絕緣材料。(3) There are many other energy sources in store. 還有多種其他能

38、源尚未開發(fā)。 Transition of Sentence Patterns3. 3. 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)譯法主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)譯法 在具體文章中，如果原文主動(dòng)句正面譯出比較困難，或者譯成漢語被動(dòng)句更能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原意、漢語行文更為方便時(shí)，可對(duì)原文主動(dòng)句譯成漢語的被動(dòng)句。(1) The properties of materials have dictated nearly every design and every useful application that the engineer could devise. 工程師所能設(shè)想的每一種設(shè)計(jì)和每一種用途幾乎都受到材料性能的限制。 Transition of

39、Sentence Patterns3. 3. 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)譯法主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)譯法(2) Since prehistoric times the sketch has served as one of mans most effective communication techniques. 自從史前時(shí)期以來，草圖一直被人類用作最有效的交際手段之一。(3) However, the development of the natural science began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part o

40、f the 19th centuries. 然而，只是到了十八世紀(jì)末和十九世紀(jì)初葉，自然科學(xué)才得到了迅速地發(fā)展。 Transition of Sentence PatternsReturnExercises I. Choose the best answer into the blank 1. is used to connect your computer to a local area network. A. A graphics cardB. A modem C. A network cardD. A sound card2. are primarily used for graphic

41、s cards. A. ISA slotsB. PCI slots C. AGP slotsD. PCMCIA slots Exercises I. Choose the best answer into the blank 3. The notebook computers use as standard display equipment. A. CRT display B. LCDsC. LEDD. TV screen4. Image clarity on a computer screen is measured with . A. screen sizeB. dot pitch C.

42、 resolutionD. color depth Exercises I. Choose the best answer into the blank 5. printer uses a grid of fine wires to produce characters and graphics. A. An ink jet printer B. A thermal transfer printer C. A laser printer D. A dot matrix printerExercises II. Answer the following questions according t

43、o the text 1. What names do expansion cards have also?2. How many types of expansion slots may a desktop computer usually have?3. What are the two key components of a computer display system?4. How do the objects appearing on the screen of a computer change when a computer uses a higher resolution?5

44、. How to measure the printer resolution? Exercises III. Translate the following into Chinese A database is a collection of logically related data elements, and data elements may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. Schemas and sets of subschemas organize a database logically. They comprise the databases logical design, which is the users view of how the data appear to be arranged on the secondary storage media. Schemas are often complex. Three basic structures are used to organize the data elements: hierarchical