英語考試翻譯范圍

1、UNIT11.Famous authors' stylesa Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliotare easily recognizable. The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their disti

2、nct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune. However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.知名作家的文風(fēng)一眼就能看出來，如田納西·威廉斯的戲劇、歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威的情節(jié)安排、羅伯特·弗羅斯特或T.S.艾略特的詩歌等。同樣，像莫奈、雷諾阿、達(dá)利這樣的畫家，希區(qū)柯克、費(fèi)里尼、斯皮

3、爾伯格、陳凱歌或張藝謀這樣的電影制作人也是如此。他們鮮明獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格標(biāo)志著與別人不同的藝術(shù)形式上的重大變革，這讓他們名利雙收，但也讓他們付出了代價(jià)，那就是失去了用其他風(fēng)格或形式表現(xiàn)自我的自由。 Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical junglea fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure. It takes you out of yourself: You must be what

4、the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe. 名氣這盞聚光燈可比熱帶叢林還要炙熱。騙局很快會被揭穿，過多的關(guān)注帶來的壓力會讓大多數(shù)人難以承受。它讓你失去自我。你必須是公眾認(rèn)可的那個你，而不是真實(shí)的你或是可能的你。藝人，就像政客一樣，必須常常說些違心或

5、連自己都不完全相信的話來取悅聽眾。One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game. An

6、 example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself. The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexua

7、lly influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name. He should have hired a better attorney, though. The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead

8、fined Wilde. He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alo

9、ne when he needed his fans the most. 一滴名氣之水有可能玷污人的心靈這一整口井，因此一個藝術(shù)家若能保持真我，會格外讓人驚嘆。你可能答不上來哪些人沒有妥協(xié)，卻仍然在這場名利的游戲中獲勝。一個例子就是愛爾蘭著名作家奧斯卡·王爾德，他在社交行為和性行為方面以我行我素而聞名于世。雖然他的行為遭到公眾的反對，卻依然故我，他也因此付出了慘痛的代價(jià)。在一次宴會上，他一位密友的母親當(dāng)著他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指責(zé)他在性方面影響了她的兒子。他聽了她的話以后大為光火，起訴了這個年輕人的母親，聲稱她毀了自己的“好”名聲。但是，他真該請一個更好的律師。結(jié)果是，法官不僅不支持

10、他提出的讓這個女人賠償他名譽(yù)損失費(fèi)的請求，反而對他本人進(jìn)行了罰款。他由于拒交罰款最終還被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。更糟糕的是，他再也無法獲得更多公眾的寵愛。在最糟糕的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一個人愿意拿自己的名聲冒險(xiǎn)來替他說話。為保持真我，他付出的代價(jià)是，在最需要崇拜者時，誰也不理他。Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of

11、losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary a

12、udiences. 奇怪的是，收獲最大的恰恰是失敗者。他們收獲了自由！他們可以自由地表達(dá)，獨(dú)辟蹊徑，不落窠臼，不用擔(dān)心失去崇拜者的支持。失敗的藝術(shù)家尋求安慰時，可以想想許多偉大的藝術(shù)家都是過世多年以后才成名，或是他們沒有出賣自己。他們也可以為自己的失敗辯解：自己的才華實(shí)在過于高深，不是當(dāng)代聽眾或觀眾所理解得了的。Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous peopl

13、e to work even harder to succeed. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world.

14、 And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education. Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed t

15、o his teacher to be quite dull. Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. 那些失敗了卻仍不肯放棄的頑固派也許會樂于知道，某些名人曾經(jīng)如何越挫越勇，直至成功。美國小說家托馬斯·伍爾芙的第一本小說向家鄉(xiāng)看吧，安琪兒被拒39次后，才最終得以出版。貝多芬戰(zhàn)勝了父親認(rèn)為他毫無音樂家潛質(zhì)的偏見，成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。19世紀(jì)瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齊原先干的工作沒有一件成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一種新型

16、教育模式的基礎(chǔ)理論。托馬斯·愛迪生在四年級時被趕出了學(xué)校，因?yàn)槔蠋熡X得他似乎太遲鈍。但不幸的是，對大多數(shù)人而言，失敗是奮斗的結(jié)束，而不是開始。UNIT3Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me. But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs. Ea

17、ch time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture. Finally, she'd say, "Well, if I can find time today, I'll call the medical worker." 政府削減福利開支已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致許多人挨餓受苦，我只是其中之一。但它對脊柱傷殘的人的影

18、響更為突出：政府已經(jīng)不管我們的輪椅了。每次我的輪椅出問題，掉了螺絲，需要換個新軸承，或剎車不靈時，我都打電話給蘇珊娜，但每次都要挨訓(xùn)。她最后總會說：“好吧，如果今天我能抽出時間的話，我會找醫(yī)務(wù)人員的?！盨he was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid. Then the medical wor

19、ker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital. They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move. Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair. 她該通知醫(yī)務(wù)人員，由醫(yī)務(wù)人員來確認(rèn)問題確實(shí)存在，然后打電話給各家輪椅維修公司，拿到最低的報(bào)價(jià)。接著醫(yī)務(wù)人員就通知州政府的福利總部，他們再花幾天時間考慮這件事。而這期間我只能躺在床上，動彈不得。最后，如果我幸

20、運(yùn)的話，他們會給我回電話，同意維修。When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started "visiting" every fortnight instead of every two months. She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She

21、never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny. 當(dāng)福利部門獲悉我畫漫畫賺錢時，蘇珊娜就開始每兩個星期“拜訪”我一次，而不再是每兩個月一次了。她尋遍每個角落，想找出我未上報(bào)的電器，或者是女仆、烤爐里的烤豬、停在房后新買的直升飛機(jī)什么的。她從來都是一無所獲，但最后我總要填厚厚的一疊表格，說明每一分錢的來歷。There is no provision in the law for a gr

22、adual shift away from welfare. I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market. It's impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation eve

23、ry time I need a spare part for my wheelchair. 當(dāng)福利部門獲悉我畫漫畫賺錢時，蘇珊娜就開始每兩個星期“拜訪”我一次，而不再是每兩個月一次了。她尋遍每個角落，想找出我未上報(bào)的電器，或者是女仆、烤爐里的烤豬、停在房后新買的直升飛機(jī)什么的。她從來都是一無所獲，但最后我總要填厚厚的一疊表格，說明每一分錢的來歷。There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends it

24、self to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: The hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size a

25、nd the connection to my urine bag was leaking如何逐漸脫離福利照顧，這在法律條款中沒有明確規(guī)定。我是一個獨(dú)立的生意人，正在慢慢建立起自己的市場。要脫離福利救濟(jì)，一下子每月掙2，000美元是不可能的。但我很想自己負(fù)擔(dān)部分生活費(fèi)用，不必在每次需要為輪椅買點(diǎn)配件時都去尷尬地求人UNIT4All these developing regions see advanced communications as a way to leap over whole stages of economic development. Widespread access to

26、 information technologies, for example, promises to condense the time required to change from labor-intensive assembly work to industries that involve engineering, marketing, and design. Modern communications "will give countries like China and Vietnam a huge advantage over countries stuck with

27、 old technology". 所有這些發(fā)展中地區(qū)都把先進(jìn)的通信技術(shù)看作一種跨越經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展諸階段的途徑。例如，信息技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用有望縮短勞動密集型的組裝工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向涉及工程、營銷和設(shè)計(jì)的那些產(chǎn)業(yè)所需的時間?，F(xiàn)代通信技術(shù)“將使中國、越南這樣的國家相比那些困于舊技術(shù)的國家擁有巨大的優(yōu)勢”。How fast these nations should push ahead is a matter of debate. Many experts think Vietnam is going too far by requiring that all mobile phones be expens

28、ive digital models, when it is desperate for any phones, period. "These countries lack experience in weighing costs and choosing between technologies," says one expert. 這些國家應(yīng)以多快的速度向前發(fā)展是人們爭論的一個問題。許多專家認(rèn)為，越南在目前急需電話的情況下，卻要求所有的移動電話都必須是昂貴的數(shù)字型電話，這種做法太超前了。一位專家說：“這些國家缺乏成本估算和選擇技術(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！盨till, there

29、9;s little dispute that communications will be a key factor separating the winners from the losers. Consider Russia. Because of its strong educational system in mathematics and science, it should thrive in the Information Age. The problem is its national phone system is a rusting antique that dates

30、from the l930s. To lick this problem, Russia is starting to install optical fiber and has a strategic plan to pump $40 billion into various communications projects. But its economy is stuck in recession and it barely has the money to even scratch the surface of the problem. 然而毋庸?fàn)庌q，通信技術(shù)將是區(qū)分輸贏的關(guān)鍵因素?？匆?/p>

31、看俄羅斯的情況吧。由于其堅(jiān)實(shí)的數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)教育基礎(chǔ)，它應(yīng)該在信息時代有繁榮的發(fā)展。問題是，它的國內(nèi)電話系統(tǒng)是一堆生銹的20世紀(jì)30年代的老古董。為了解決這一問題，俄羅斯已經(jīng)開始鋪設(shè)光纖電纜，并制定了投入400億美元建設(shè)多項(xiàng)通信工程的戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃。但是由于其經(jīng)濟(jì)陷于低迷，幾乎沒有資金來著手解決最基本的問題Compare that with the mainland of China. Over the next decade, it plans to pour some $100 billion into telecommunications equipment. In a way, China

32、9;s backwardness is an advantage, because the expansion occurs just as new technologies are becoming cheaper than copper wire systems. By the end of 1995, each of China's provincial capitals except for Lhasa will have digital switches and high-capacity optical fiber links. This means that major

33、cities are getting the basic infrastructure to become major parts of the information superhighway, allowing people to log on to the most advanced services available. 與俄羅斯相比，在未來10年中，中國大陸計(jì)劃對通信設(shè)備投入1,000億美元。從某種意義上說，中國的落后成了一種有利因素，因?yàn)檫@一發(fā)展正好發(fā)生在新技術(shù)比銅線電纜系統(tǒng)更便宜的時候。到1995年底，中國除了拉薩以外的省會都將有數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器和高容量的光纖電纜網(wǎng)，這意味著其主要城市

34、正在具備必需的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，成為信息高速公路的主要部分，使人們能夠進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，獲得最先進(jìn)的服務(wù)。Telecommunications is also a key to Shanghai's dream of becoming a top financial center. To offer peak performance in providing the electronic data and paperless trading global investors expect, Shanghai plans telecommunications networks as powerful a

35、s those in Manhattan.電信工程也是上海實(shí)現(xiàn)其成為一流的金融中心這一夢想的關(guān)鍵。為了能給國際投資者提供其所期望的電子數(shù)據(jù)和無紙化交易方面的出色服務(wù)，上海計(jì)劃建設(shè)與曼哈頓同樣強(qiáng)大的電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。UNIT5If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing. Solitude will end on Thursday. If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself, next week I will use the

36、 plural form. While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until it fills up the whole room, and use your freedom, coming and going as you please without apology, staying up late to read, soaking in the bath, eating a whole pint of ice cream at one sitting, moving at your own pace. Thos

37、e absent will be back. Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window. But when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never come back. 若與別人同住，他們的小別會使你感到耳目一新。孤獨(dú)將會于星期四結(jié)束。如果今天我提到自己時使用的是單數(shù)人稱代詞，

38、那么下星期我就會使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其他人不在的時候，你可以放飛自己的靈魂，讓它充滿整個房間。你可以充分享受自由，隨意來去而無需道歉。你可以熬夜讀書、大泡浴缸、一口氣吃掉整整一品脫的冰淇淋。你可以按自己的節(jié)奏行動。暫別的人會回來。他們的冬季防水大衣還放在衣櫥里，狗也在窗邊密切留意他們歸來的身影。但如果你單獨(dú)居住，那么朋友或熟人的暫時離別會使你感到空虛，也許他們永遠(yuǎn)也不會回來了The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but the need to talk goes on forever. It's more basic than needin

39、g to listen. Oh, we all have friends we can tell important things to, people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm. It's the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. We can't really call a frien

40、d to say we got a parcel from our sister, or it's getting dark earlier now, or we don't trust that new Supreme Court justice. 孤獨(dú)的感覺時起時落，但我們卻永遠(yuǎn)需要與人交談。這比需要傾聽更重要。噢，我們都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他們傾訴。我們可以打電話對朋友說我們丟了工作，或者說我們在濕滑的地板上摔倒了，摔斷了胳膊。每日不斷的瑣碎抱怨，對各種事情的看法和意見，積在那兒，塞滿了我們的心。我們不會真打電話給一位朋友，說我們收到了姐姐的一個包裹，或者說現(xiàn)在天黑得

41、比較早，或者說我們不信任最高法院新來的法官Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and our pets and the television. We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress. We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak, or noodles, for dinner. We argue with ourselves over

42、 who is the greater sportsman: that figure skater or this skier. There's nothing wrong with this. It's good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market who's telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and Mel

43、issa is very fond of hot chocolate, which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself. 科學(xué)調(diào)查表明，獨(dú)居的人會對著自己、對著寵物、對著電視機(jī)嘮叨不休。我們問貓兒今天該穿藍(lán)色套裝還是黃色裙裝，問鸚鵡今天晚餐該做牛排還是面條。我們跟自己爭論那個花樣滑冰選手和這個滑雪運(yùn)動員到底誰更了不起。這沒什么不妥，也對我們有好處，而且不像有些人那么令人尷尬：在超市付款處，排在前面的女人告訴收銀員，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能會來看她。梅莉莎非常喜歡

44、熱巧克力，所以她買了速溶熱巧克力粉，雖然她自己從來不喝這東西。It's important to stay rational.重要的是保持理性。It's important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in our condition, not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess se

45、aled up in a tower, waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale. 重要的是不再等待，而是安頓下來，使自己過得舒服，至少暫時要這樣。要在我們自身的條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)雅和樂趣，不要做一個以自我為中心的英國詩人，而要像一個被關(guān)在塔樓里的公主，耐心地等待著我們的童話故事迎來快樂的結(jié)局。After all, here we are. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Anyway, th

46、ere is no place like home. 畢竟，事已至此，這或許不是我們所期望的局面，但眼下我們不妨稱之為家吧。不管怎么說，沒有什么地方比家更好。UNIT7Despite the difficulties, the scientists made some remarkable discoveries. One of them jumps right off the book's cover: A color map of the world's genetic variation has Africa at one end of the range and Aus

47、tralia at the other. Because Australia's native people and black Africans share such superficial characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely assumed to be closely related. But their genes tell a different story. Of all humans, Australians are most distant from the Africans and

48、 most closely resemble their neighbors, the southeast Asians. What the eye sees as racial differencesbetween Europeans and Africans, for exampleare mainly a way to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another. 盡管有困難，科學(xué)家們還是取得了一些引人注目的發(fā)現(xiàn)。其中之一就醒目地印在此書封面上：人類基因變異彩圖表明，非洲與澳洲分別位于變化范圍的兩端。因?yàn)榘闹?/p>

49、土著和非洲黑人之間有一些共同的外表特征，如膚色、體型等，所以被普遍認(rèn)為有密切的親緣關(guān)系。但是他們的基因卻表明并非如此。在所有人種中，澳洲人與非洲人的關(guān)系最遠(yuǎn)，而與其鄰居?xùn)|南亞人非常接近。我們所看到的人種差異，例如歐洲人與非洲人的差異，主要是人類從一個大陸向另一個大陸遷徙時為適應(yīng)氣候所產(chǎn)生的The same map, in combination with ancient human bones, confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original huma

50、n movements. Those findings, plus the great genetic distance between present-day Africans and non-Africans, indicate that the split from the African branch is the oldest on the human family tree. 結(jié)合對遠(yuǎn)古人骨的研究，這一圖譜證實(shí)了非洲是人類的誕生地，因而也是人類遷徙的始發(fā)地。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，再加上現(xiàn)代非洲人與非非洲人之間的巨大基因差異，說明了從非洲種群開始的分支是人類家譜上最早的分支The genetic

51、 maps also shed new light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists. Example: the Khoisan people of southern Africa. Many scientists consider the Khoisan a distinct race of very ancient origin. The unique character of the clicking sounds in their language has persuaded some res

52、earchers that the Khoisan people are directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors. But their genes beg to differ. They show that the Khoisan may be a very ancient mix of west Asians and black Africans. A genetic trail visible on the maps shows that the breeding ground for this mixed po

53、pulation probably lies in Ethiopia or the Middle East. 這一基因分布圖譜對長期以來困擾著科學(xué)家的人種起源問題也做出了新的解釋。南部非洲的科伊桑人就是一個例子。很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為科伊桑人是一個獨(dú)立的非常古老的人種。他們語言中那種獨(dú)特的短促而清脆的聲音使得一些研究者認(rèn)為科伊桑人是最原始的人類祖先的直系后裔。然而他們的基因卻表明情況并非如此?；蜓芯勘砻骺埔辽Ｈ丝赡苁枪糯鱽喨伺c非洲黑人的混血。圖譜上顯示的遺傳軌跡表明這一混血人種的發(fā)源地可能在埃塞俄比亞或中東地區(qū)。The most distinctive members of the Europea

54、n branch of the human tree are the Basques of France and Spain. They show unusual patterns for several genes, including the highest rate of a rare blood type. Their language is of unknown origin and cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the fact that they live in a region next to

55、famous caves which contain vivid paintings from Europe's early humans, leads Cavalli-Sforza to the following conclusion: "The Basques are extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the Cro-Magnon people, among the first modern humans in Europe." All Europeans are thought to be

56、 a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% Af法國和西班牙的巴斯克人是人類家譜圖上歐洲人分支的最特殊的成員。他們有幾組少見的基因類型，包括一種罕見血型的發(fā)生率在巴斯克人中也是最高的。他們的語言起源不明，也無法被歸入任何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的類別。他們居住的地區(qū)緊挨著發(fā)現(xiàn)早期歐洲人壁畫的幾個著名的洞穴這一事實(shí)使卡瓦里斯福爾扎得出這樣的結(jié)論：“在歐洲最早的近代人中，巴斯克人極有可能與克羅馬努人關(guān)系最直接?！比藗冋J(rèn)為所有的歐洲人都是混合人種，有65%的亞洲人基因，35%的非洲人基因。rican genes. In addition to telling us about

57、 our origins, genetic information is also the latest raw material of the medical industry, which hopes to use human DNA to build specialized proteins that may have some value as disease-fighting drugs. Activists for native populations fear that the scientists could exploit these peoples: Genetic mat

58、erial taken from blood samples could be used for commercial purposes without adequate payment made to the groups that provide the DNA.除了揭示人種的起源以外，基因信息對醫(yī)學(xué)界來說也是最新資料。醫(yī)學(xué)界希望能用人類脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）制成特別的蛋白質(zhì)，這些蛋白質(zhì)可能具有某種抗病藥物的價(jià)值。保護(hù)土著人權(quán)益的活動家們擔(dān)心科學(xué)家可能會利用土著人：從當(dāng)?shù)厝搜獦又刑崛〉幕蛭镔|(zhì)可被用于商業(yè)目的，而 DNA 提供者卻不會獲得足夠的報(bào)酬。翻譯：Unit1.1.這種植物只有在培育

59、它的土壤中才能很好地成長。(other than)The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed2.研究結(jié)果表明，無論我們白天做了什么事情，晚上都會做大約兩個小時的夢。(may have done)Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.3.有些人往往責(zé)怪別人沒有盡最大努力，以此來為自己的失敗辯護(hù)。(justify sth. by)Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4. 我們忠于我們的承諾：凡是答應(yīng)做的，我們都會做到。(remain true to)We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5. 連貝多芬的父親都不相信自己兒子日后有一天可能成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。愛迪生也同樣如此，他的老師覺得他似乎過于遲鈍。(discount; be true of)Even