第八章英語(yǔ)寫作 承上啟下句型

1、第八章 承上啟下句型I承上闡述 上面一段提出了觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)下面一段要來(lái)闡述這些觀點(diǎn)時(shí)可使用本節(jié)的句型。 333To understand thetruthpointnatureof., it isimportantnecessaryessentialtoexamine .analyze .see . 333.1 To understand the truth of this, it is necessary to have a clear unsentimental picture of the way the schools were in the past. City schools were

2、 dull and dingy buildings, with classes of forty or more students common. Country schools were usually one-room affairs with children of widely varying age and ability taught at the same class. Few of the teachers had anywhere near as much education of any kind as most teachers today. The elementary

3、 school curriculum was pretty much limited to Chinese and arithmetic. 為了解這一觀點(diǎn)的正確性，有必要實(shí)事求是地回顧一下學(xué)校過(guò)去的狀況。當(dāng)時(shí)城出的學(xué)校都在一幢光線暗淡的樓內(nèi)，一個(gè)班級(jí)一般有四十以上的學(xué)生。而農(nóng)村的學(xué)校就只有一間房子組成，不同年齡，不同能力的孩子都在一個(gè)班級(jí)里上課。很少有老師受過(guò)像現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)老師那么多的教育。小學(xué)的所有課只有語(yǔ)文和算術(shù)兩門。 333.2 To understand the necessity of abolishing the entrance examination, it is necessa

4、ry to analyze its weaknesses. Narrowly academic examinations are felt to be heavily weighed in favor of children who have had the advantage of highly-academic schools and academically biased families. They weigh against an individual who may not give full play to his ability in the examination durin

5、g which he doesnt feel very well physically or mentally. Then how can his whole future be determined by the single examination? 為了解取消入學(xué)考試的必要性，有必要分析其缺點(diǎn)。困于書本教材的考試只有利于來(lái)自重視書本知識(shí)的學(xué)校的孩子和文化層次較高的家庭的孩子。而且考試時(shí)有的孩子會(huì)感覺身體不適，或有心理負(fù)擔(dān)，這也會(huì)影響他們充分發(fā)揮自己的水平。這樣，一個(gè)人的將來(lái)怎能用一次考試來(lái)決定呢? 334To get asense ofbetter look atbetter under

6、standing offull appreciation ofhowwhat., wemusthave toturn first tohave a birds eye view of .make a close study of 334.1 To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to the principles of economy. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost,

7、 in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. The great cities have been built with no regard for us: The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square meter of ground, and of offering

8、to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling , they dont realize that they are deprived of the necessities of lif

9、e. 為了充分理解這意味著什么，我們應(yīng)首先看一下經(jīng)濟(jì)原則?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)是以用最低的成本來(lái)獲取最大產(chǎn)量這一原則為基礎(chǔ)的。這樣某一個(gè)人或某一集團(tuán)就可賺取盡可能多的錢。大城市就是在絲毫不考慮我們的情況下興建起來(lái)的。高樓的形狀和大小是完全根據(jù)從每一平方米的土地上獲取最大利潤(rùn)以及向用戶提供稱心的寫字樓和公寓套房的需要設(shè)計(jì)的。于是幢幢高樓便拔地而起，里面人滿為患，擁擠不堪。當(dāng)人們居住在舒適和庸俗奢華的房子里時(shí)，卻不知他們被剝奪了生活所必需的東西。 334.2 To get a better understanding of how advertisers persuade us to buy their pr

10、oducts, wed better have a birds eye view of human nature. Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. Advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips

11、 round the world as well. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way. 為了更好地了解登廣告的人是如何向我們宣傳買他們的產(chǎn)品的，我們最好全面分析一下人的本性。登廣告的人在多年前就已發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所有的人都喜歡白拿東西。因此用免費(fèi)這個(gè)迷人字眼作為廣告開頭的很少會(huì)失敗。登廣告的人不但免費(fèi)提供樣品，還提供免費(fèi)汽車、住房和環(huán)球旅行。電臺(tái)和電視臺(tái)使得登廣告的人有可能用這種方法來(lái)吸引千百萬(wàn)人的注意

12、。 335Toillustrateproveshowthis point, letmeusconsider .ask why .look first at .develop my argument . 335.1 To prove this point, let us look first at the national consciousness of college degree. It is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large segment of o

13、ur society equals success in life with a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. The result of this

14、emphasis on a college education is evident: The pressure is felt increasingly heavy and the competition becoming increasingly fierce. 為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，讓我們首先看看人們對(duì)大學(xué)文憑是怎么想的。有一種傳統(tǒng)的說(shuō)法，大學(xué)文憑就是通向光明的將來(lái)的護(hù)照。社會(huì)上許多人把大學(xué)文憑和事業(yè)成功等同起來(lái)。家長(zhǎng)還未等孩子讀完小學(xué)就開始向他們灌輸這一思想，而高中老師竭盡全力為孩子輔導(dǎo)，好像高中教育就是為了讀大學(xué)作準(zhǔn)備，而不是為將來(lái)生活打下知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)的。這種一味強(qiáng)調(diào)大學(xué)教育的結(jié)果是很明顯的：

15、學(xué)生感到的壓力越來(lái)越重，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來(lái)越激烈。 335.2 To illustrate how academic pressures can contribute to teenage suicide, let us consider the competition, the preparation, and the anxiety different kinds of tests and exams involve. As only three percent of the college population can get into university, competition start

16、s early and fiercely. To pass the national college entrance exams, which spread over three days, an average child has to spend more than six hours a day studying texts of earlier exams, in addition to his regular homework. 為了說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)上的壓力是如何造成青少年自殺的，讓我們看看為應(yīng)付各種測(cè)驗(yàn)考試，學(xué)生之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以及他們的準(zhǔn)備和心理負(fù)擔(dān)。由于只有3的高中畢業(yè)生可以進(jìn)入大學(xué)，所

17、以競(jìng)爭(zhēng)早就開始了，且特別激烈。為了通過(guò)全國(guó)大學(xué)入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試（這個(gè)考試要進(jìn)行三天），一般的學(xué)生除了完成課上作業(yè)外，每天放學(xué)后還要平均化上六個(gè)多小時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去歷屆的試卷。 336A(nstudycomparisonexampleof., perhaps, will make this point clear. 336.1 A study of the influence of a teacher on children will make my point clearer. The teacher, when teaching a subject or discussing with his stu

18、dents, will IE doubt bring into the classroom all his own habits of mind, attitudes, beliefs, values, ways of doing things and seeing the world which he has inherited from the society in which he was bought up. These factors will influence the children and shape their beliefs and attitudes. 研究一下老師對(duì)孩

19、子的影響就會(huì)使我的觀點(diǎn)更清楚。一個(gè)教師在他上課時(shí)或與學(xué)生展開討論時(shí)，勢(shì)必會(huì)把在他長(zhǎng)大的社會(huì)中形成和接受的思維方式、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀念和處事方法帶進(jìn)教室。這些因素會(huì)影響孩子，形成他們的信仰和態(tài)度。 336.2 A common example of our daily lives will make the point clear. In ones lifetime, he may in avoid moving from one place to another, or quitting one job and applying for new one, or getting divorced

20、 and remarried again. Just think the tremendous amount of stress and pressure these changes in residence, jobs and life partners place on people as they try to adjust themselves to new people and places. 我們生活中的一個(gè)通常的例子就可說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。在一個(gè)人的一生中，他不可能避免要遷居流動(dòng)，調(diào)換工作，或離婚和重新結(jié)婚。想一下吧，這種居住的搬遷，工作的調(diào)換和生活伴侶的調(diào)換給人們帶來(lái)的巨大的壓力和緊張

21、，他們不得不盡力去使自己適應(yīng)新的地方，新的工作和新的人。II深入闡述 上面一段已從一個(gè)方面對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了闡述，當(dāng)要繼續(xù)深入闡述時(shí)，可用本節(jié)句型。 337But thats only part of thestoryexplanationPerhaps the mostsignificantremarkablesurprisingabout . is . 337.1 But thats only part of the explanation for our sleep-deficit crisis. Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep is

22、the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, study, family mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program . In our society, youre considered diligent and dynamic if you say you only need 5 hours sleep. If youve got to get more than 8 hours, people think you are

23、 lazy, and lack drive and ambition. 這只是我們睡眠普遍不足的部分原因。使我們睡眠不足的主要原因可能是生活的復(fù)雜性。只要工作、學(xué)習(xí)、家庭一遇到壓力，睡覺的時(shí)間就是最不值錢的，可以隨時(shí)犧牲的。在我們的社會(huì)里，如果你說(shuō)你只需睡五個(gè)小時(shí)，人們就認(rèn)為你非常勤奮，精力充沛。而如果你要睡八個(gè)小時(shí)以上，你就會(huì)被認(rèn)為懶散，缺乏進(jìn)取心和抱負(fù)。 337.2 But thats only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping ou

24、r future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the appositive use of daydreaming. He maintained that you can image your future. 這只是白日做夢(mèng)的部分好處。最引人注目的是它有助于按我們自己的意愿來(lái)創(chuàng)造未來(lái)的生活。工業(yè)家亨利認(rèn)為他的成功相當(dāng)程度上應(yīng)歸功于積極地利用白日做夢(mèng)。他認(rèn)為：“你可以想象出自己的未來(lái)。” 338Another equal

25、ly importantroleaspectfunctionconsiderationis. Equally important /essential is. 338.1 Another important aspect in the conflict of television and children is the personal and emotional isolation fostered by TV. How does this affect individual growth and development? It must be remembered that when a

26、child accepts the box as a form of leisure activity or comfort, he turns away from people and all the direct experience they provide. His learning becomes vicarious rather than first-hand, he substitutes something inanimate for live, direct interaction. 電視對(duì)孩子的影響的另一重要方面是電視造成孩子減少與人的接觸和感情的交流。這是怎樣影響他們的健

27、康成長(zhǎng)的呢？必須記住，當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子把電視看成是消遣娛樂，得到快樂舒適的工具，他就會(huì)不愿接觸人、從而得不到與人接觸時(shí)可獲得的直接經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他的學(xué)習(xí)就不是第一手的，而是間接的，活生生、直接的接觸被無(wú)生命的東西代替了。 338.2 Another equally important function of advertising is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements in

28、troduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already known about. Suppose you wanted to buy a washing-machine, it is more than likely you could obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. 廣告另一同樣重要的作用是提供信息。我們獲得有關(guān)家用商品的大量信息很大程度上就是來(lái)源于我們所讀的廣告。廣告向我們介紹了新

29、產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)也提醒我們已知道的商品。假如你想買一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)，你很可能從廣告上得到其性能、價(jià)格等方面的具體信息。 339Closelyconnected withrelated toassociated withparallelingthis (factor is. 339.1 Closely related In this factor is another feature characteristic of contemporary culture. Our wide culture is based on the appetite for buying, on the idea of a mu

30、tually favorable exchange. Modern mans happiness consists in the thrill of looking at the shop windows, and in buying all that he can afford to buy, either for cash or on installments. 與這個(gè)因素密切相關(guān)的是另一個(gè)當(dāng)代文化的特點(diǎn)。我們整個(gè)文化是建立在購(gòu)買的欲望之上的；建立在互換互惠的觀念之上的?，F(xiàn)代人的快樂在于那看看櫥窗里的商品所給他帶來(lái)的刺激和用現(xiàn)金或分期付款方式買他能夠所買的東西。 339.2 Associa

31、ted with this is the growth of academic journals and periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and in different areas of studies, and help them keep in touch with the latest development. 和這個(gè)有聯(lián)系的是出現(xiàn)了大量學(xué)術(shù)刊物。這就使得學(xué)者們能及時(shí)了解不同研究中心和不同研究領(lǐng)域的情況，幫助他

32、們掌握最新的研究動(dòng)態(tài)。 340. may furtherbe supported by .demonstrate .contribute to . 340.1 The rate at which new and sometimes contradictory information comes at us further contributes to our feelings of instability and transience. Its estimated that 90 percent of all scientists who ever lived are alive today.

33、 New scientific discoveries are being made every day of the week, and unlike in other ages, new ideas are quickly applied in practical ways. The influence of new technology on our lives is felt almost immediately. 新的，有時(shí)甚至是互相矛盾的知識(shí)層出不窮地涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)，其速度之快進(jìn)一步加深了我們的不安定感和短暫感。據(jù)估計(jì)，那些作出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家有90還活著。一周每天都有新的科學(xué)發(fā)明產(chǎn)生，

34、而且，與以往的時(shí)代不同，新的理論馬上被運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去。人們馬上就能感覺得到新技術(shù)對(duì)我們生活的影響。 340.2 The trend toward early academic achievement is further supported by the publicity of newspapers and radios, which highlight the success of the children who entered colleges and universities at the mere age of eleven or twelve. 社會(huì)上這種盼望孩子早出成績(jī)的傾向可

35、以從報(bào)紙和電臺(tái)的宣傳中進(jìn)一步得到證實(shí)。報(bào)紙和電臺(tái)對(duì)只有十一二歲的孩子就進(jìn)入大學(xué)的成功事跡總給予大量的宣傳報(bào)道。 341. is but one of manyeffectsfunctionspressures.aspects rolesAnother is. / Anotheraspect / factor / characteristic blem /question / difficulty arises 341.1 The pressure for early academic achievement is but one of many contemporary press

36、ures on children. Success in competitive sports is another. Children are early initiated into the rigors of adult competition. Competitive sports for children are becoming ever more widespread. The pressure to engage in organized, competitive sports at camp and at school is one of the most obvious p

37、ressures on contemporary children to grow up fast. 學(xué)習(xí)上早出成績(jī)不過(guò)是現(xiàn)在孩子要承受的許多壓力中的一個(gè)。在競(jìng)技體育方面出成績(jī)也是一個(gè)。孩子早早地被引入到成人激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中去。孩子的體育比賽越來(lái)越普遍。這種要求他們參加在夏令營(yíng)或在學(xué)校的有組織有名次的體育比賽，就是要當(dāng)代孩子快快長(zhǎng)大而強(qiáng)加在他們身上的另一非常明顯的壓力。 341.2 Another version of false democracy is the need to deny the existence of personal advantages. Inherited wealth

38、, famous parents, a first-class mind, a rare voice, a beautiful face, au exceptional physical skill - any advantage has to be minimized or denied. Continually watched and measured, the man or woman who is rich or talented or well educated is likely to be called undemocratic whenever he does anything

39、 out of the ordinary life. If he wants acceptance, the person with a superior attribute, like the person with an inferior attribute, often feels obliged to take on a protective disguise, to act as if he were just like everyone else. 假民主的另一表現(xiàn)就是拒不承認(rèn)個(gè)人的優(yōu)勢(shì)。繼承的財(cái)富，有名望的父母，一流的腦袋，天才的歌喉，漂亮的臉蛋，非凡的技能，任何有用眾之處都應(yīng)極

40、力貶低，不讓其存在。這些有財(cái)富，有才華有知識(shí)的人處于不斷的監(jiān)視和比較之下，稍做出常人沒有的事情，就被稱之為不民主。如果他們要被大家所接受，這些有優(yōu)勢(shì)的人就象有缺點(diǎn)的人一樣，常常被迫予以掩飾，裝得和大家一樣。 341.3 Another negative reflection of the pressure on children is teenage crime. From 1986 to 1994, for example, Shanghai police arrested 12762 children aged sixteen and under on felony charges. Th

41、ese figures are underestimated. Many children who have committed felonies are released without a formal complaint so that they will not have a police record. 這種孩子過(guò)早承受的壓力所產(chǎn)生的另一副作用是青少年犯罪。例如從1986年到1994年里，上海曾察逮捕的因犯重罪起訴的16歲以下孩子就有12762人。這個(gè)數(shù)字還是保守的。還有許多犯了重罪而沒有受到正式起訴的，所以在警察局沒有留下檔案記錄。 342Besides,In addition t

42、o this,Apart fromanotherotherway(sthing(saspect(sfunction(sis .are . 342.1 Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the ability of all our students to the full, not just

43、their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. 除此以外，按照一個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)能力來(lái)給他們打分也不切實(shí)際。學(xué)習(xí)能力只是他們所有能力中的一個(gè)方面。我們所關(guān)注的是充分全面地發(fā)揮學(xué)生的能力，而不僅僅只是他們學(xué)習(xí)的能力。我們同樣看重個(gè)人的品質(zhì)和社會(huì)能力，因此我們認(rèn)為混合教學(xué)法有助于發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)的所有這些方面。 342.2 In addit

44、ion to all this, city-dwellers live under constant threat. The crime rate in most cities is very high. Houses are burgled with alarming frequency. Cities breed crime and violence and are full of places you would be afraid to visit at night. if you think about it, cities are not really fit to live in

45、 at all. 除了所有這一切，城市居民生活在時(shí)時(shí)感到的威脅之中。許多城市的犯罪率都非常高。上門偷盜經(jīng)常發(fā)生。城市滋長(zhǎng)犯罪和暴力。有許多地方一到晚上你就不敢去。如果你想想這一切，城市根本不適合我們住。 342.3 Apart from aesthetic reasons, there are strong medical grounds for not overeating. Overweight people are particularly prone to heart disease and easily tired by physical activity. Losing weigh

46、t would certainly make them feel healthier and increase their life expectancy. 除了美觀的因素，還有許多醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)說(shuō)明不能多吃。肥胖的人特別容易患心臟病，且一吃力就容易累。減肥能使他們健康，延長(zhǎng)他們的壽命。 342.4 Besides simplicity, other things I have found to be essential to success are communication, moderation and patience, adaptability, decisiveness, confide

47、nce, unconventional thinking, social responsibility, and last, but by no means least, luck. The importance of these attributes is in their interaction. Some of them are antithetical to others - patience will then collide with decisiveness, for instance - and yet it is hard to think of any of my deci

48、sions in which they did not play a role. 除了簡(jiǎn)樸之外，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其它對(duì)成功至關(guān)重要的要素是交流，謙和，耐心，適應(yīng)性，果敢性，自信心，創(chuàng)新思維和社會(huì)責(zé)任感。最后還有，當(dāng)然不是最不重要的，幸運(yùn)。這些要素的重要性在于它們是交織在一起的。雖然其中有些是相互矛盾的，如耐心和果斷，但我所作出的每一個(gè)決定，所有這些要素都在起作用。III反面闡述 上面一段提出了一種看法或觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)下面一段要提出相反的觀點(diǎn)，并進(jìn)行闡述時(shí)，可使用這些句型。 343DespiteIn spite ofFor allthedifficultycostproblempressureincrease.

49、 343.1 Despite the riskier world they face, it would be a mistake to suggest that all adolescents of this generation are feeling more angst than their predecessors. Middle-class teenagers, at least, seem content with their lot on the whole: According to recent studies, 80 percent the same proportion

50、 as twenty years ago - profess satisfaction with their own lives, if not with the state of the world. Many teenagers, nevertheless evince wishfulness for what they think of as the more heroic times of the sixties and seventies - an era, they believe, when teenagers had more say in the world. 盡管他們面臨的

51、是一個(gè)動(dòng)蕩不安的世界，但如果說(shuō)這一代所有青年人都比上一代人焦慮憂心那是不對(duì)的。至少中產(chǎn)階段家庭的孩子對(duì)自己的生活還是滿意的。根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查，80的青少年（這和20年前的數(shù)據(jù)一樣）承認(rèn)對(duì)自己的生活感到滿意，雖然可能對(duì)社會(huì)，對(duì)世界上的事不滿。然而，許多青少年顯示出他們向往六七十年代英雄輩出的時(shí)代。他們認(rèn)為那時(shí)具有發(fā)言權(quán)的是他們青少年。 343.2 In spite of heavy burden of homework and academic pressure, students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Ele

52、ctions to positions in student organizations, for example, amuse much enthusiasm, for a student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. 盡管功課忙，學(xué)習(xí)壓力重，學(xué)生們還是擠出時(shí)間參加各種學(xué)生活動(dòng)。例如，他們想在學(xué)生的組織團(tuán)體中謀求職位的熱情很高。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)學(xué)生在這些組織中擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作會(huì)受到同學(xué)老師的尊重

53、，而且對(duì)他們今后的工作也大有益處。 343.3 For all our heartiest congratulations we may offer on the success of people far removed from ourselves - in another profession, another community, we tend to regard the success of people close at hand, within our own small group, as a threat. 盡管我們對(duì)其他領(lǐng)域，其他地方的不認(rèn)識(shí)的人的成功都會(huì)表示最衷心的祝賀

54、，但對(duì)自己身旁，自己工作和生活圈子內(nèi)的人的成功卻往往視為一種威脅。 344On the other hand, .On the contrary, .By contrast, . 344.1 On the contrary, you can get away with serious mistakes if you are socially intelligent. This is why many mediocre executives survive violent corporate upheavals. Sensitive in their dealing with others, t

55、hey are well liked; when they make mistakes, their supporters usually help them recover. A mistake may actually further their careers if the boss thinks they handled the situation in a mature and responsible way. 相反，如果你社會(huì)能力強(qiáng)，你會(huì)很容易逃脫因犯大錯(cuò)可能受到的處罰。這就是為什么大公司的一些平庸之輩反而能在公司的大調(diào)動(dòng)和裁員中幸存下來(lái)。他們?yōu)槿藞A滑，深受同事的歡喜。當(dāng)他們犯了錯(cuò)

56、，他們的支持者通常會(huì)幫他們遮蓋過(guò)去。而如果你上司認(rèn)為你處理問(wèn)題有一種成熟感和責(zé)任感，錯(cuò)誤反而會(huì)有助于你的事業(yè)成功。 344.2 In the liberal arts college, on the other. hand, the student is encouraged to explore new fields and old fields, to wander down the bypaths of knowledge. There the teaching is concerned with major principles, and its purpose is to chang

57、e the student, to make him something different from what he was before, just as the purpose of the gym class is to make a fat man into a lean one, or a strong are out of a weak one. 而在文科學(xué)院，學(xué)生主要是在歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的領(lǐng)域里探索，是在知識(shí)的海洋里漫游。在那里，教學(xué)主要涉及大的原則規(guī)律，其目的是改變學(xué)生，使他們成為和以前不同的人，這好比健身班的目的是把胖子鍛煉成一個(gè)瘦子，把一個(gè)身體虛弱的人鍛煉成一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的人一樣。 344.3 On the other hand, there is a tremendous need for skilled workers of all sorts: electricians, mechanics, plumbers, TV