第1講.語(yǔ)塊情景記單詞(9)

1、第一講話(huà)塊情景記單詞【考點(diǎn)說(shuō)明】大量的單詞短語(yǔ)積累是攻克自主招生的法寶，自主招生的難度在很大程度上是由不熟悉的單詞短語(yǔ)造成的。因?yàn)椴皇煜の恼禄蛘哳}干中的單詞短語(yǔ)，導(dǎo)致題目看不懂甚至文章看不懂，所以做題時(shí)總覺(jué)得捉襟 見(jiàn)肘。即便是積累了再多的解題技巧，也無(wú)用武之地。盡管各個(gè)聯(lián)盟的考試題型不盡相同，對(duì)詞匯量的考 察是各大聯(lián)盟英語(yǔ)考試的共同點(diǎn)。盡管有些聯(lián)盟，如華約和卓越同盟沒(méi)有專(zhuān)門(mén)的詞匯單選題，但是完形填 空和閱讀理解中無(wú)不充斥著對(duì)詞匯短語(yǔ)辨析和一詞多義的考察。提到積累單詞，很多考生都認(rèn)為是重要且必須的，但是即便如此，考生們的單詞積累情況并不理想。究其原因，主要是拿著一本詞匯手冊(cè)孤立地積累單詞短語(yǔ)，很

2、快就忘記了。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間如此，積累單詞的積極性大受打擊。記單詞是需要一定方法的，我們可以把單詞拆分為更小的單位，即詞根詞綴；也可以把單詞組合成更大的單位，即語(yǔ)塊（詞組/短語(yǔ)）。把單詞拆分為更小的單位有助于我們歸納單詞的組合規(guī)則，從而使我們易于記單詞和猜詞義。更大單位的語(yǔ)塊作為整體在語(yǔ)言中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，且語(yǔ)塊為語(yǔ)境依附型，語(yǔ)塊意義是置于特定語(yǔ)境之中的，具有與之相連的情景意義，在類(lèi)似情景下學(xué)習(xí)者產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想，由此可見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)塊情景為我們提供了一個(gè)詞匯記憶的角度及詞匯運(yùn)用的模式。每年的自主招生題目考察的單詞短語(yǔ)是不同的，僅僅訓(xùn)練近幾年的題目是不夠的，對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)，更重要的是掌握猜測(cè)單詞詞義的技巧并牢記每個(gè)單詞 在

3、不同語(yǔ)境中的多種含義，這才是應(yīng)變不同題目的關(guān)鍵。本章節(jié)主要講授詞匯運(yùn)用的模式之一一一語(yǔ)塊情景模式。為了避免過(guò)于理論化，講解的同時(shí)附帶了真題和模擬題中詞匯辨析的例子，以此加深學(xué)生的印象。語(yǔ)塊介紹：Lewis將語(yǔ)塊分為4類(lèi)：-聚合詞，由一個(gè)以上單詞組成的固定短語(yǔ)，如all in all等；搭配詞，指詞項(xiàng)在長(zhǎng)期使用中逐步形成的一種同現(xiàn)關(guān)系，即詞項(xiàng)間可以相互預(yù)示自己 /搭檔可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。搭配分為詞 匯搭配（如strongly believe ）和語(yǔ)法搭配（如 take part in等）7慣用話(huà)語(yǔ)，指形式固定或半固定、具有固定語(yǔ)用功能的單詞組/合，如If I were you, I d like .

4、;（4）句子框架和引語(yǔ)（sentence frames and heads）:用于語(yǔ)篇銜接的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如 firstly, secondly 和 finally 。【題型特點(diǎn)分析】具體單詞的個(gè)數(shù)；而深度指的是對(duì)判別詞匯量的角度有二，即詞匯的廣度與深度，廣度指的是掌握的每一個(gè)具體單詞的 多個(gè)意思的掌握及與該單詞的意思相近的其他詞匯的詞義辨析。自主招生英語(yǔ)試題中詞匯這部分考題便很好地結(jié)合了詞匯這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)來(lái)考察學(xué)考生對(duì)固定搭配、短語(yǔ)、形近詞/同義詞（組）辨析以及生詞的掌握及分析。有些聯(lián)盟的英語(yǔ)試卷部分雖然沒(méi)有詞匯單選題，但是在閱讀理解與完形填空等其 它題目中依然可見(jiàn)對(duì) 單詞詞義 及詞組辨析 的考察，所

5、以掌握一定量的詞匯是順利完成自主招生考試的必要 條件?！窘忸}方法】在詞匯部分主要分為兩講，第一講從單詞運(yùn)用的角度深入探討如何利用情景語(yǔ)塊模式解答詞匯中的一部分題型，第二講我們會(huì)剖析詞根詞綴法在一些題目中的運(yùn)用。本章節(jié)會(huì)圍繞語(yǔ)塊情景給出一定的解題方法與技巧。在此之前，我們?cè)侔堰@一部分的各類(lèi)題目進(jìn)行細(xì)致分解與歸類(lèi)，確定每道題的具體考點(diǎn)。1 .固定搭配：根據(jù)自主招生英語(yǔ)試題的特點(diǎn)，我們會(huì)把這部分題目分為以下兩類(lèi)同義/近義異形詞的固定搭配（例如：想表達(dá) 原油”這個(gè)意思，是用raw/ crude/bare oil哪一個(gè)？），針對(duì)這類(lèi)題目我們建議，學(xué)生在平時(shí)詞匯積累時(shí)，把固定短語(yǔ)按一個(gè)語(yǔ)塊去整體記憶，然后

6、配例句作為 語(yǔ)境輔助理解，而不是記住一個(gè)一個(gè)的單詞遇到短語(yǔ)時(shí)再隨機(jī)搭配，這樣很容易陷入搭配錯(cuò)誤的陷阱?！镜淅v】The score that a student obtains before any adjustment and transformation is called the score.（復(fù)旦 2006）A. bareB. rawC. primitive D. crude【答案】B【解析】A項(xiàng) 光禿禿的”與BCD項(xiàng)意義差別較大，其余三項(xiàng)都表達(dá)原來(lái)的/原始的”等，題目想表達(dá)的意思是 原始分”，表面看來(lái) BCD項(xiàng)都可以，實(shí)則不然，這三個(gè)詞的可搭配的對(duì)象差別還是很 大的。raw :在修

7、飾物時(shí)，意思是 生的“（即未加工處理的）；primitive :以簡(jiǎn)單或粗糙為特征 的，樸實(shí)無(wú)華的；crude粗糙的，天然的，簡(jiǎn)陋的。給出三個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的具體的搭配（即語(yǔ)塊），再據(jù)此造句（情景），可以幫助學(xué)生記憶?！菊Z(yǔ)塊情景在線(xiàn)】Two ships are carrying raw sugar from Cuba.（強(qiáng)調(diào)未力口工處理）The native of that region still live in primitive straw huts .（強(qiáng)調(diào)粗糙 /落后） The factory imported 8.5 million tons of crude oil .（強(qiáng)調(diào)原生態(tài) ） 題

8、目想表達(dá)的原始分強(qiáng)調(diào)未被處理過(guò)，所以應(yīng)為raw score.【點(diǎn)撥】語(yǔ)塊理解記憶，情景鞏固加深?？疾旃潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)中的介詞使用，或者以介詞作為選項(xiàng)或者以搭配的動(dòng)詞作為選項(xiàng)，總之這類(lèi)題目主要是考察動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配問(wèn)題，針對(duì)這樣的題目，建議學(xué)生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候把與同一個(gè)介詞的搭配的詞組短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行歸納整理，做好以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變的準(zhǔn)備?！镜淅v】Just because youve got your degree doesnt mean that you can rest your laurels .（復(fù)旦 2008）A. withB. atC. on D. behind【答案】C【解析】本題考的是搭配，res

9、t on one s laurels用、是 吃老本、不思進(jìn)取“?！窘忸}技巧】介詞的選取也要看環(huán)境，要是知道rest on是依賴(lài)的意思，這個(gè)題就好辦了。而on的這個(gè)用法可以從熟悉的短語(yǔ)如depend on、rely on等推得。When there is a conflict territory, animals will commonly use force to decide which will stay andwhich will go.（北約模擬題）A. forB. withC. overD. by【答案】C【解析】“關(guān)于的沖突”要使用介詞over, conflict over sth

10、 ,大概句意為“當(dāng)發(fā)生關(guān)于領(lǐng)土的沖突的時(shí)候，動(dòng)物一般會(huì)通過(guò)武力來(lái)決定誰(shuí)留誰(shuí)走。【解題技巧】碰到這樣的題目，要揣摸介詞本身的意思，不能只按照固定短語(yǔ)記憶。over本身就有論及的意思。2 .短正 短語(yǔ)這部分最常見(jiàn)的考察對(duì)象是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，通常也分為兩種類(lèi)型。同一動(dòng)詞+不同介詞/副詞，（例如set out/set about/set up）,針對(duì)這樣的詞組，我們應(yīng)該把目光盡量投放在介詞上，通過(guò)介詞本身的一些特點(diǎn)及意義，判斷短語(yǔ)意思?！镜淅v】During the celebration, fireworks have been at the bay.（復(fù)旦 2007）A. set outB. set

11、about C. set upD . set off【答案】D【解析】set out出發(fā),開(kāi)始，陳列/ set about開(kāi)始，著手（后接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞）/ set up設(shè)立，豎立，架起,開(kāi)業(yè)/ set off出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，使爆炸，引起，襯托【語(yǔ)塊情景在線(xiàn)】T The sooner we set about it the sooner we ll finish越早開(kāi)始就越早可以完成這件事。 When are we setting out on our trip?我們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去旅行？A As a traditional way to celebrate the New Year, sett

12、ing off firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.作為一種傳統(tǒng)的慶賀新年活動(dòng)，燃放鞭炮受到大多數(shù)中國(guó)人的歡迎。Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.愛(ài)迪生十歲就建立了自己的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室?！窘忸}技巧】做此類(lèi)題目，如果對(duì)四個(gè)詞組完全不熟悉，可以借助后面的介詞來(lái)推斷詞組的意思。動(dòng) 詞表一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而介詞/副詞為它提供了一個(gè)方向，out （向外）/ about （表示論及）關(guān)于;（表示對(duì)象）對(duì)；/ up （起來(lái)）/ off（從脫離）。炮竹炸開(kāi)，脫離之前的捆綁，因此也能

13、 推斷出D答案，set off。Though her baby was sick, she managed to from him to attend an important meeting.（ 北約模擬題 ）A. pull offB. pull overC. pull away D. pull down【答案】C【技巧解析】該題屬于同一動(dòng)詞+不同介詞白類(lèi)型題,pull from,從表面上理解為從 拉，這表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而橫線(xiàn)上填的詞為動(dòng)作的方式/方向，off表（斷絕/隔離）；over（越過(guò)/在上面）;away（離開(kāi)/遠(yuǎn)離）；down（向下），該題大意為，盡管孩子生病了，他還是要抽身去參 加一

14、個(gè)很重要的會(huì)議。由此應(yīng)該選 away, away from him,離開(kāi)他（孩子）。 不同動(dòng)詞+介詞，（例如put back/shrug off/deal with）,針對(duì)這樣的詞組，我們應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)更多的放在 動(dòng)詞上，介詞起輔助推倒的作用?！镜淅v】It could soon be an offence to publish articles or photos which personal relationships, finances orhealth.（復(fù)旦 2008）A . intrude on B . tear at C. break up D . mess with【答案】A【解

15、析】intrude on打擾，彳I擾；tear at撕扯，用力撕扯；break up （使）分裂；（被）拆分；（使）破碎； mess with 干涉;與 有牽連；卷入【語(yǔ)塊情景在線(xiàn)】H He had no wish to intrude on their privacy.他原本就不想觸犯他們私人活動(dòng)的自由.They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.彳他們見(jiàn)花就摘.毫不愛(ài)惜.The workers will break up the old cars for their parts.工人要把那些舊車(chē)拆掉取零件Ive warned you alr

16、eady, dont mess with me.我已警告過(guò)你，不要來(lái)才T擾我.【解題技巧】做此類(lèi)題目，即所有選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞不一致時(shí)，關(guān)注點(diǎn)要放在動(dòng)詞上，雖然后邊的介詞也有 一定的作用，但動(dòng)詞決定大方向。像本題中，intrude干涉；tear撕扯；break （使）破壞；mess （使）混亂，這樣也能較容易地選出A答案。3.形近詞/近義詞:這樣的題目可以從選項(xiàng)的一些角度去辨析，這些角度包括及物與否（若選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)詞） 感情色彩褒貶（若選項(xiàng)是形容詞。注：在這里沒(méi)有列出專(zhuān)門(mén)的例題，意在提供一種解題思路，在完型填空和閱讀理解中可以借鑒。）冰但是絕大多數(shù)情況還是要依賴(lài)于語(yǔ)塊記憶，情景理解?！镜淅v】A ser

17、ies of lectures have the students interest in science and technology旦 2006）A . arisen B . enforced C. risenD . aroused【答案】D【解析】其次rise意為 升起，增高“ arise為 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生 arouset為 激起，使奮發(fā) enforced為 強(qiáng) 迫服從；實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；加強(qiáng)下面給出例句，請(qǐng)辨別詞義，體會(huì)語(yǔ)境?！窘忸}技巧】從選項(xiàng)詞匯的及物性角度出發(fā)。rise, arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，本題中就可以直接排除。enforce和arouse是及物動(dòng)詞。enforce是強(qiáng)迫某人做某事，不

18、符合語(yǔ)境，故選 D?！菊Z(yǔ)塊情景在線(xiàn)】t The sun rose at seven o太clocks鐘升起。They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication.他們正在談?wù)撚捎谌狈涣鞫a(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。T The boss promised to raise her salary.老板答應(yīng)要給她加薪水。The lecture aroused my interest.報(bào)告引起了我的興趣。You can the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermos

19、tat and the radiators .（復(fù)旦 2008）A. regulate B. enlarge C. itch D. elude【答案】A【解析】regulate vt.調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整； enlarge vt.& vi.擴(kuò)大，放大，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)充；itch v.癢，發(fā)癢；渴望，極 想；elude vt.逃避；使迷惑；理解不了；抓不到?！菊Z(yǔ)塊情景在線(xiàn)】t This system can regulate the temperature of the room.這種系統(tǒng)能調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫度.Can you enlarge this photograph for me?你能幫我把這張照片放大嗎？Hi

20、s fingers itch at the sight of a game of chess.看見(jiàn)下棋他就饞得慌.Satiety is a dream which will always elude you.完全滿(mǎn)足該欲望是一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng).The criminal had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke, he himself and was caught and sent tothe police station.（北約模擬題）A. disclosed B. betrayed C. exposed D. revealed【答案】B【解析

21、】根據(jù)句意：這個(gè)罪犯?jìng)窝b得很好，但他一開(kāi)口就暴露了自己的身份、就被抓住并送進(jìn)廠警察局。disclose公開(kāi)；揭露；使顯露；使暴露 ；betray對(duì)不思；背叛；出賣(mài)；泄露； vt.揭露,揭發(fā);使暴露；使遭受；使曝光；reveal vt.顯露；揭露;泄露。這四個(gè)詞意思相近很具有迷惑性，所以最好的辦法就是及典型例句，搞明白每個(gè)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的角度?！菊Z(yǔ)塊情景在線(xiàn)】zThe company disclosed the news that he will retire in May.（強(qiáng)調(diào)公開(kāi)的讓別人知道）公司透露他將在5月退休。The group were informers, and they betray

22、ed the plan to the Germans.（強(qiáng)調(diào)給對(duì)方造成不好的影響）,這幫人是告密者，他們把計(jì)劃泄露給了德國(guó)人。The Budget does expose the lies ministers were telling a year ago.（強(qiáng)調(diào)隱藏的東西被人知曉）預(yù)算案無(wú)疑揭穿了部長(zhǎng)們一年前所說(shuō)的謊話(huà)。She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter.（強(qiáng)調(diào)讓另U人知道）l她不肯透露她女兒的行蹤。綜合語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)該選 Bo4例題后的技巧總結(jié)把單詞按照語(yǔ)塊來(lái)記憶，且放到具體的情景中（要選取典型例句，且盡量取其具體意

23、義而不是抽象意義）理解，而不是將其看成是孤立的單詞。另外，在這里向大家介紹一種高效的單詞記憶法，語(yǔ)塊情景+聯(lián)想記憶法Build建造Developers are now proposing to build a hotel on the site詞性變換Delete強(qiáng)調(diào)刪除儲(chǔ)存在電腦中的 東西He deleted files from the computer system.Establish建立（抽象 / 具體事物，如組織 /聯(lián) 系）We had already established contact with反五abolish廢止（指廢除長(zhǎng)期存在的制度、法律或習(xí)慣）近義Set up建立；準(zhǔn)備

24、； 安排；引起Ive decided to set up a shop as aconsultant常見(jiàn)挎配weapons from the great hallErase清除（具體/抽象事物，不存 在）He tried to erase the idea from his mind.He ordered them to remove theRemove搬動(dòng)，移走（還存在abolish the death penalty 廢除死刑abolish （racially discriminatory） laws 廢除（帶有種族歧視的）法律abolish all forms and ceremonie

25、s 廢除各種儀式與禮節(jié)abolish exploitation 廢除錄哨。abolish the surtax廢除附加稅的法令.這樣通過(guò)語(yǔ)塊情景+聯(lián)想的記憶方法，能讓學(xué)生以高倍速度記單詞的同時(shí)，在一系列搭配結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境中記清，記牢其含義。從此告別孤立單詞，以點(diǎn)到線(xiàn)再到面，真正輕松愉快記單詞。,更多的關(guān)注這些短語(yǔ)的第二個(gè)或第三個(gè)重要的，用適當(dāng)形式填空。把同一動(dòng)詞+不同介詞的動(dòng)詞的易混短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)并輔以練習(xí) 意思而不是最重要的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的選詞填空題一、BREAKBreak up break away break out break in1. To free electrons, something

26、has to make them whirl fast enough to from their nuclei.2. The band are a new backing vocalist.3. The two men of their cells and cut through a perimeter fence.4. MPs say they work too hard and that is why so many of their marriages .【答案】1. break away 突然離開(kāi)，放棄；（與）脫離2. breaking in 闖入，打斷，開(kāi)始工作；使適應(yīng)（新的工作或環(huán)

27、境）?！皹?lè)隊(duì)在幫一名新的后備主唱進(jìn)行磨 合和適應(yīng)。”3. broke out 突發(fā)爆發(fā)；逃跑，越獄?！斑@兩個(gè)人逃出牢房，并越過(guò)了圍墻。”4. break up打碎，破碎，分裂，結(jié)束，衰落，分解（強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化，變壞，驅(qū)散?！皣?guó)會(huì)議員們聲稱(chēng)他們工作過(guò)于辛勞，因而導(dǎo)致他們當(dāng)中很多人婚姻破裂?！倍?、BRINGBring down bring out bring up bring about1. We are working to closer political integration in the EU.2. They were threatening to the government by wi

28、thdrawing from the ruling coalition.3. I want to clearly all the issues that are involved.4. Mr. Chairman, I should like to the question of the reorganization of the committee.【答案】1. bring about使發(fā)生，致使2. bring down打倒，擊落，打死，降低，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使（政府或當(dāng)權(quán)者）垮臺(tái)3. bring out 取出，使顯示，出版，生產(chǎn)，鼓勵(lì)說(shuō)出4. bring up教育，培養(yǎng)，提出，（軍隊(duì)等）調(diào)上來(lái)，嘔

29、吐?！爸飨壬蚁胩岢龈慕M委員會(huì)的問(wèn)題”三、 CALLCall in call for call up call off1. The ceasefire resolution the release of all prisoners of war.2. The book was libelous, so the publishers had to all copies of it from the bookshops.3. Dont let anything your attention from your studies.4. He is likely to be for Thursday

30、s match against Italy.【答案】1. calls for 要求；需要。諄火決議要求釋放所有戰(zhàn)俘?！?. call in 召集,召來(lái),來(lái)訪(fǎng)；收回（出借的圖書(shū)、債款、舊幣等。“這是一本誹謗性的書(shū)，所以出版商必須把店里的書(shū)全收回去”。3. call off叫走，放棄，使轉(zhuǎn)移走，取消?！安灰寗e的事轉(zhuǎn)移你學(xué)習(xí)的注意力”4. called up 召喚,使想起，提出，打電話(huà)給，選中?！八锌赡鼙贿x中參加星期四對(duì)意大利的比賽。四、COMECome about come out came across come up1. Any possible solution to the Irish

31、 question can only through dialogue.2. When sober he can as an extremely pleasant and charming young man.3. It will that she has covertly donated considerable sums to the IRA.4. Plan your activities so that you are rested and refreshed when something important is .【答案】1. come about 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生?！叭魏谓鉀Q愛(ài)爾蘭問(wèn)題的

32、可行方案只能通過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)產(chǎn)生?！?. come across來(lái)至U,偶遇，口給人印象深刻（無(wú)被動(dòng)形式）“沒(méi)喝醉的時(shí)候，他看上去似乎是個(gè)極為彬彬有禮、討人喜歡的小伙子?！?. come out出來(lái)，長(zhǎng)出，傳出，出版，被解出，露出，真相大白?！八抵薪o愛(ài)爾蘭共和軍提供了大筆資助 的事情即將曝光?！?. coming up 走近，上來(lái)，發(fā)芽，流行，發(fā)生，被提出，即將“做好日常規(guī)劃，這樣一旦發(fā)生大事，才能夠從容不迫。”5、 GETGet down to get through get off get over1. With the election out of the way, the governme

33、nt can business.2. The aircraft hadnt enough power to the ground.3. We have got to . the message to the young that smoking isnt cool.4. We couldnt a day without arguing.【答案】5. get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮?！边x舉結(jié)束，政府可以著手干起來(lái)了?！?. get off下來(lái)，脫下,出發(fā)，開(kāi)始。“那架飛機(jī)的動(dòng)力不夠，無(wú)法起飛。”7. get over爬過(guò)，克服，熬過(guò)，恢復(fù)，原諒，（向）講清；使明白。我們要讓年輕人認(rèn)識(shí)到抽煙

34、并不是什么很酷的事情?！?. get through到達(dá)，做完，通過(guò)，度過(guò)，打通“我們沒(méi)有一天不拌嘴的。”6、 GIVEGive way （to）give offgive out give away1. Although they are pretending hard to be young, grey hair and cellulite them.2. If plastic and rubber are burnt, theyll poisonous gases.3. One of his lungs entirely.4. A powered vessel should sail it

35、 is an unwritten rule of the sea.【答案】5. give away 送掉，分發(fā)，放棄，泄露，出賣(mài)，讓步，陷下。雖然他們費(fèi)盡心思地扮年輕，但是花白的頭發(fā)和贅肉卻將他們的真實(shí)年齡暴露無(wú)遺?！?. give off 發(fā)出（蒸汽、液體、霧等），長(zhǎng)出（枝、杈等）。要是塑料和橡膠被焚，就會(huì)放出有毒的氣體?！?. gave out分發(fā)，發(fā)出（氣味、熱等），發(fā)表用盡，精疲力竭?！八钠渲幸黄稳~完全不起作用了。”8. give way （to）撤退，讓路，退讓?zhuān)宓?，倒塌，屈服，跌價(jià)?！皺C(jī)動(dòng)船在遇到帆船時(shí)必須讓其先行，這是一 條不成文的航海規(guī)則。”7、 PUTPut out p

36、ut away put forward put up1. His testimony could Drago for life.2. Several reasons to justify the imposition of censorship.3. He was plainly very at finding her there.4. Hundreds of junior civil servants have to in hotel rooms and temporary hostels.【答案】1. put away放好，儲(chǔ)存.備用，處理掉，放棄拋棄。他的證詞足以使德拉戈被判終身監(jiān)禁。”

37、2. were put forward放出，拿出提出，推舉出。舉出了幾條理由來(lái)證明實(shí)行審查是不合理的。”3. put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)，消除，出版，惱怒的；煩亂的。發(fā)現(xiàn)她在那里他明顯很不安。4. be put up舉起，抬起，進(jìn)行，提供，張貼。數(shù)百名初級(jí)文職官員只能被安排到旅館和臨時(shí)青年招待所過(guò)夜”。SETSet about set out set aside set off1. The new government dismantling their predecessors legislation.2. He has achieved what he to do three years a

38、go.3. He urged them to minor differences for the sake of peace.4. The smallest thing him, and he cant stop talking about his childhood.【答案】1. set about開(kāi)始，著手（后接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞）。新政府正著手廢除其前任所制定的法律?！?. set out出發(fā),開(kāi)始,陳列。 他已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了他3年前的奮斗目標(biāo)。”3. set aside留出，不顧，取消,駁回。他敦促他們?yōu)榱撕推綊侀_(kāi)一些小的分歧?！?. sets off 出發(fā),動(dòng)身，使爆炸，引起襯托。使發(fā)怒；

39、使回憶起來(lái)；使侃侃而談，件微不足道的小事都能打開(kāi)他的話(huà)匣子，他會(huì)滔滔不絕地講述他的童年?！本?、TAKETake back take up take on take down1. The government has agreed to those people who are considered economic rather than political refugees.2. The Canadian army the barricades erected by the Indians.3. Believing he had only a year to live, his writin

40、g a feverish intensity.4. Most scientists who can present evidence of an environmental threat can reasonably assume that a pressure group will the issue.【答案】1. take back 送還，收回，取消，使回憶起。讓 回家;準(zhǔn)許回來(lái) 政府同意讓那些被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)濟(jì)難民的人回 國(guó)，但政治難民不包括在內(nèi)?！?. took down 拿下記下，拆卸，病倒。 加拿大軍隊(duì)拆掉了印第安人設(shè)置的路障。3. took on 披上，呈現(xiàn)，具有，雇用承擔(dān)，同一較量。

41、由于以為自己只剩一年的活頭，他的文字開(kāi)始變得激情澎湃?！?. take up拿起,開(kāi)始從事,繼續(xù),吸收，責(zé)備，拘留，占據(jù)，認(rèn)購(gòu)。開(kāi)始處理；討論如何處理，“能夠提供環(huán)境威 脅證據(jù)的大多數(shù)科學(xué)家都有理由認(rèn)為，環(huán)保團(tuán)體不會(huì)放過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。”十、TURNTurn up turn over turn out turn away1. Medicine began to from botany in the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries.2. If I had known my life was going to like this,

42、 I would have let them kill me.3. Even when she didnt say anything you could see her things in her mind.4. Investigations have never any evidence.【答案】1. turn away 不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)，走開(kāi)，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉,解雇，棄用（方法、主意），在17、18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)革命中，醫(yī)學(xué)開(kāi) 始從植物學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)而研究其他方向?！?. turn out打掃，驅(qū)逐使外傾，生產(chǎn)，起床，翻出，制造，關(guān)掉。如果我早知道自己的人生結(jié)局會(huì)是如此，我當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿讓他們殺了我?！?. turning o

43、ver打翻，反復(fù)考慮，翻身，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（在腦子里）仔細(xì)考慮，深思熟慮，細(xì)想。即便她什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)，你也能看出她心里在盤(pán)算著。4. turned up調(diào)高，找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)，折起，突然發(fā)生找出；發(fā)現(xiàn);注意到；出現(xiàn) 調(diào)查從沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)?！卑雅c某個(gè)特定介詞搭配的短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)，可以以圖例的方式進(jìn)行梳理。（注：老師可以給學(xué)生一兩個(gè)介詞,【解析】不同動(dòng)詞+同一個(gè)介詞所購(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在于動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞，介詞只是提供了一個(gè)方向。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組所表達(dá)的意義不僅限于一個(gè)，而我們推導(dǎo)和理解意義的時(shí)候可以主要從兩個(gè)方面入手：動(dòng)詞的具體意義和抽象意義同一個(gè)動(dòng)作作用在不同的事物上，對(duì)應(yīng)到漢語(yǔ)有不同的表達(dá)方式。技巧四

44、：）與下一講的內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)，盡量挖掘某個(gè)單詞和短語(yǔ)的本質(zhì)的意思，即具體意思，再根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境推導(dǎo)其引申義與抽象的意義?！菊骖}模擬題拓展訓(xùn)練】（一）真題1. The play is so intriguing that the audience quickly identified the actors and actresses.A . byB . forC. withD. on2. When the chief executive officer was invited to play the piano at the end of the concert, she performed a

45、piece without .A . inspection B . investigation C. manipulation D. rehearsal3. Helen her former classmate when she was on the train bound for Germany.A . ran intoB . hit onC. bumped against D . rushed at4. The story goes that Narcissus saw his handsome in the lake and became intoxicated in his good

46、image.A. reflection B. identityC. impression D. projection5. The jury eventually reached a（n） verdict on the basis of law and witnesses testimony.A. ignorantB. pureC. secureD. legitimate6. He is such a (n) teacher that he has devoted all his time and energy to his students.A. conscientiousB. conscio

47、usC. academicD. scientific7. We are looking for someone with a real sense of to the job.A . committee B. commitment C. community D . commission8. They declared the war, for they believed that country had the weapons of mass destruction.A . liberatedB. counteredC. approvedD. proliferated9. The journa

48、list reported the of children labors who had worked many days on end.A . expansionB. expeditionC. exploitationD . exploration10. At 85, Doris, single, diabetic and living alone, was becoming increasingly forgetful and .A. acuteB. frailC. significantD. offensive11. Failure to with the regulations can

49、 result in a $20,000 fine or a six-month prison sentence .A. compete B. complyC. consultD. coincide12. We have to our original plan if unfortunately this one doesn t work out.A. fall under B. fall behind C. fall toD. fall back on13. Literary scholars are piecing together her last unpublished novel f

50、rom of a recently discoveredmanuscript.A. portions B. sectionsC. fragments D. sessions14. I think you should examine their in offering to lend you the money .A. motivation B. stimulusC. motiveD. compensation15. The assassination could do serious damage to the peace agreement that was signed last mon

51、thi.A. delicate B. wretchedC. organicD. fragile16. He has some information that I want so I m going to try to it out of him over a drink.A. coaxB. sootheC. commendD. commence17. Do you think you could something for hanging my clothes on until I can get a wardrobe?A. ruffleB. contriveC. reviveD. evok

52、e18. The results of the recent research will the mystery of the creation of the Universe.A. bristleB. gleamC. glimpseD. illuminate19. Any manufacturer who does not conform to the standards could be under the Consumers Protection Act, 1987.A. condemned B. prosecutedC. executedD. jettisoned20. Let me

53、know if any difficulties A. raiseB. riseC. happenD. ariseKeys: CDAAD ABDCB BDCCD ABDBD（二）模擬題1. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a attitude.A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible2. Will all those the proposal raise their hands?A. in relation toB. in ex

54、cess ofC. in contrast toD. in favor of3. The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to such a high level.A. popularB. well-knownC. favorableD. preferable4. It is wrong for someone in such a high in the government to behave too badly in public.A. situationB. positionC. employmentD. pr

55、ofession5. Lawyers often make higher for their work than they should.A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs6. The workmen made so much that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance7. They have held several meetings to next years production p

56、lans.A. set down B. make out C. work up D. draw up8. How can we get this language point to the students.A. downB. roundC. acrossD. into9. Dress warmly, youll catch cold.A. on the contrary B. or rather C. or else D. in no way10. 123. Maria missed the first train so as to travel on the same one as John.A. deliberately B. intensivelyC. decisively D. objectively11. I regret getting involved with m