簡(jiǎn)明英國(guó)文學(xué)史問(wèn)題及答案

1、Quiz (1)1. The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a branch of this people called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland, Wales and Ireland.不列顛群島的第一批定居者是凱爾特人，Britain的叫法則就是來(lái)源于他們的一個(gè)叫做Briton（不列顛人）的分支。但后來(lái)他們被驅(qū)趕到蘇格蘭，威爾士和愛(ài)爾蘭居住。2. The Angles, Saxons a

2、nd Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the Continent. They moved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English people.盎格魯人、撒克遜人和朱特人是最初居住在大陸的日耳曼部落。他們搬到不列顛群島，成為英國(guó)人的祖先。3. The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest, which took place in the year 1066

3、.古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期最重要的事件是1006年發(fā)生的諾爾曼征服。4. The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert the English people to Catholicism.羅馬天主教會(huì)于597年將圣奧古斯丁派遣到英格蘭，使英國(guó)人皈依天主教。5. Name two poems of this period apart from Beowulf: Widsith, and The Seafarer.請(qǐng)列出這段時(shí)期的除了貝奧武夫兩首詩(shī)：Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水手)6

4、. Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, and it tells the events that took place on the Continent before they moved to the British Isles.貝奧武甫（Beowulf）是一首頭韻體裁的史詩(shī)，它講述了在大陸遷移到不列顛群島之前發(fā)生的事件。7. After the Anglo-Saxon English took in loan words from French and Latin and lost most of its feclions and many

5、of its grammar rules, it was called Middle English.盎格魯 - 撒克遜英語(yǔ)在使用法語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)的借詞之后，失去了大部分的功能和許多語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，這就是所謂的中古英語(yǔ)。8. Romance can be divided into three kinds according to subject matter. They are Matter of France, Matter of Rome, Matter of Britain.羅曼史可以根據(jù)題材分為三種。他們是法國(guó)題材，羅馬題材和英國(guó)題材。9. Romances of the English sub

6、ject are tales about King Arthur and his Round-Table Knights.英國(guó)題材的傳奇故事是關(guān)于亞瑟國(guó)王及其圓桌騎士的故事。10. John Wyclif was a translator of The Bible, William Langland wrote Piers Plowman and the most famous English ballads are those about Robin Hood.約翰威克利夫是圣經(jīng)的翻譯者。，威廉蘭格倫寫(xiě)的皮爾斯普洛曼，最著名的是那些關(guān)于羅賓漢的英語(yǔ)歌謠。Quiz (2)1. Henry VI

7、II broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England (the Anglican Church).亨利八世脫離羅馬天主教會(huì)，建立了英格蘭教會(huì)（圣公會(huì)教堂）。2. It was Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard who introduced Italian sonnets into England.托馬斯懷亞特和亨利霍華德把意大利十四行詩(shī)引入英國(guó)。3. Thomas Mores famous line in Utopia that exposes the ca

8、lamities of the Enclosure Movement is sheep devouring men.托馬斯莫爾（Thomas More）在烏托邦（Utopia）里著名的一句揭露圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)災(zāi)難性的話是：羊吃人（sheep devouring men）。4. Faerie Queene was planned for 12 books, each standing for one moral principle, but only six books were finished centering on the following six virtues: Chastity, Tem

9、perance, Truth, Justice, Friendship and Courtesy.仙后(The Faerie Queene, 1589-1596) 原計(jì)劃12本書(shū)里每一本代表一個(gè)道德原則，但只有六本書(shū)完成并且圍繞著以下六個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：貞節(jié)，節(jié)制，真理，正義，友誼和禮節(jié)。5. Philip Sidneys essay on poetry is called The Defence of Poesy, John Lylys prose romance has a main character Euphues, whose name is afterward responsible for

10、 an expression in the dictionary to represent a style of speech; Thomas Lodge is mainly remembered today for his prose romance Rosalynde, Thomas Nashe is believed to have joined Marlowe in writing Dido, Queene of Carthage, and Robert Greene is connected with Shakespeare for attacking the later in on

11、e of his pamphlets as a(n) upstart.菲利普西德尼（Philip Sidney）關(guān)于散文詩(shī)稱(chēng)為“詩(shī)歌守護(hù)者。約翰李利的散文愛(ài)情故事”（The Defence of Poesy）具有尤弗伊斯體的特征，這個(gè)名字后來(lái)在字典中用來(lái)表示一種講話風(fēng)格。直至今日托馬斯洛奇憑借他的散文愛(ài)情故事而被記住，托馬斯納什被認(rèn)為與馬洛一起編寫(xiě)迦太基女王戴朵，羅伯特格林與莎士比亞有關(guān)聯(lián)，因?yàn)樗谝槐拘?cè)子中作為一個(gè)暴發(fā)戶(hù)攻擊了后來(lái)者。6. Christopher Marlowe used blank verse to write his plays and two of his impor

12、tant plays are Tamberlaine, and the Great.克里斯托弗馬洛用無(wú)韻詩(shī)寫(xiě)他的戲劇，他的兩個(gè)重要的戲劇Tamberlaine和the great。7. Francis Bacons works are expressions of his thought on practical science, and his prose style is best represented in an essay called “On Study”.弗朗西斯培根的作品體現(xiàn)了他的實(shí)學(xué)思想，他的散文風(fēng)格在論讀書(shū)一書(shū)中得到了最好的體現(xiàn)。8. Ben Jonsons masterp

13、iece is a comedy of humours called Volpone, and he was made poet laureate in 1616.本瓊森的杰作是一部名為狐坡尼（Volpone）的喜劇小說(shuō)，并于1616年成為詩(shī)人桂冠。9. List any three of Shakespeares comedies: A Mid-Summer Nights Dream, As You Like It and The Twelfth Night.列出任意三個(gè)莎士比亞的喜劇:仲夏夜之夢(mèng),皆大歡喜,第十二夜。10. The four great tragedies by Shake

14、speare are Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, and Othello.莎士比亞的四大悲劇是哈姆雷特，李爾王，麥克白和奧賽羅。11. Shakespeare has produced two tetralogies of English history plays, and the most discussed two are Henry IV Part I, and Henry IV Part II.莎士比亞創(chuàng)作了兩部英國(guó)歷史劇的四部曲，其中討論最多的是亨利四世第一部和亨利四世第二部。12. Falstaff was no good companion for

15、Prince Hall, who later became Henry V, a powerful king of England.福斯塔夫?qū)τ诤髞?lái)成為英格蘭強(qiáng)大國(guó)王亨利五世的霍爾王子來(lái)說(shuō)并不是良友。13. Shylock was a Jew and a usurer in The Merchant of Venice, and he tried to take revenge on the Christians who despised ad ill-treated him.夏洛克是威尼斯商人中的猶太人和高利貸者，他試圖報(bào)復(fù)那些鄙視他的虐待他的基督徒。14. Iago is the vill

16、ain in Othello, who set a trap to lead Othello to believe that his wife Desdemona was unfaithful to him.伊阿古是奧賽羅的反派，他設(shè)置了一個(gè)陷阱來(lái)引導(dǎo)奧賽羅相信他的妻子苔絲狄蒙娜對(duì)他不忠。15. Ariel is a spirit in the dramatic romance The Tempest in which he helped Prospero, the former duke of Milan to get back the lost power.（莎士比亞劇本中的） 空氣般的精

17、靈Ariel是傳奇劇暴風(fēng)雨中一種精神，他幫助米蘭前公爵普羅斯佩羅找回了失去的權(quán)力。16. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, which can be divided into two groups with 126 and 26 sonnets in each group.莎士比亞寫(xiě)了154首十四行詩(shī)，分為兩組，每組有126首和26首十四行詩(shī)。17. The Shakespearean sonnet rhymes abab cdcd efef gg, and the last two lines are used as a conclusion to sum up

18、the message of the poem.莎士比亞的十四行詩(shī)的押韻abab cdcd efef gg，最后兩行作為總結(jié)詩(shī)歌信息的結(jié)論。P1651. The two well-known newspapers run by Steele and Addison are The spectator and The tatler.由斯蒂爾和愛(ài)迪生經(jīng)營(yíng)的兩大著名報(bào)紙是旁觀者愛(ài)說(shuō)三道四的人。2Pope wrote a poem about literary principles in the form of heroic couplet which is entitled An Essay on

19、Criticism.蒲伯寫(xiě)了一首英雄偶句形式的文學(xué)原則，書(shū)名為批評(píng)論。3 Samuel Johnson was prejudiced against Milton, whereas Joseph Addison wrote 18 critical essays to praise this great English poet. 塞繆爾.約翰遜對(duì)彌爾頓有偏見(jiàn)，而約翰.愛(ài)迪生寫(xiě)了18篇關(guān)鍵性的文章區(qū)贊美這個(gè)偉大的英國(guó)詩(shī)人。4. Gullivers Travels consists of four books too tell separately Gullivers adventures in

20、Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island, the country of the horses.格列佛游記還有四本書(shū)組成，分別告訴我們格列佛在小人國(guó)、大人國(guó)、飛島和馬國(guó)的冒險(xiǎn)歷程。5. Johnson took 7 years to compile A Dictionary of the English Language, and he ran a journal called Rambler.約翰遜花了7年的時(shí)間去編譯了英語(yǔ)大字典，并且經(jīng)營(yíng)了一個(gè)漫步者的雜志。6. Pope solved his financial problem with the money

21、 he got from translating Homer, and Richardson became the first English writer who did not depend on writing for a living. 蒲伯通過(guò)翻譯荷馬史詩(shī)來(lái)解決他的財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題，理查德森成為第一個(gè)不依賴(lài)寫(xiě)作謀生的英國(guó)詩(shī)人。7. Name two English female novelists during the first flowering of the novel in England (Frances Burney, Sarah Fielding)寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)在第一次英國(guó)小說(shuō)繁榮時(shí)

22、期的女作家：弗朗西絲.伯尼和薩拉.菲爾。8.Robert Burns is most well-known for his poems written in Scottish dialect and William Black took engraving as his occupation.羅伯特.伯恩斯最著名的詩(shī)是用蘇格蘭方言寫(xiě)的并且威廉.布萊克把雕刻作為他的職業(yè)。P97 Quiz1. Who was the leader of the Puritan Revolution of England?誰(shuí)是英格蘭清教徒革命的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人？ 答案：B Oliver Cromwell 奧利弗.克倫威爾2.

23、 Who was executed as the enemy of the English people after the victory of the Bourgeois Revolution?英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命勝利后被英國(guó)人視為敵人處死的是誰(shuí)？答案：D Charles I 查爾斯一世3. The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of_?光榮革命發(fā)生在_?答案：B 16884. The Bible was translated under the reign of_ and published in_.圣經(jīng)是在哪個(gè)國(guó)王的統(tǒng)治時(shí)期被翻譯的？

24、出版時(shí)間？答案：A King James I, 1611 詹姆斯一世，1611年5. In the early 17th century there was a group of court poets represented by John Suckling, Robert Herrick, etc. who were called_在17世紀(jì)早期，有一群由約翰.薩克林和羅伯特.赫里克等代表的詩(shī)人，他們被稱(chēng)為騎士派詩(shī)人答案：B cavalier poets 騎士派詩(shī)人6. Miltons poem Lycidas is a(n)_elegy_ and his paradise lost is

25、 written in_(_blank verse_)_.彌爾頓的詩(shī)“黎西達(dá)斯”是一首挽歌，他的失樂(lè)園是無(wú)韻詩(shī)。答案：elegy; blank verse7. Metaphysical poets are noted for their used of _conceits_玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人以他們的自負(fù)二聞名。答案：B conceits8 In the Restoration period, drama revived mainly because_.A. Charles II and his court brought back with them a taste for drama.在復(fù)辟時(shí)期，戲

26、劇復(fù)興主要是因?yàn)椴闋査苟篮退姆ㄍ?duì)戲劇的興趣重新帶回來(lái)了。9 Restoration plays have a significance in the history of English literature because (A. they anticipate the plays of social manners by later dramatists like Sheridan and Goldsmith.)王朝復(fù)辟時(shí)期戲劇在英國(guó)文學(xué)史上有著重要意義，因?yàn)樗麄兒笃诘膭∽骷依鏢heridan和Goldsmith可以通過(guò)戲劇預(yù)料社會(huì)習(xí)俗。10. William Congreve

27、chose to write his comedies on subjects of (A. family and social pressures on young peoples free choice in love and marriage)威廉康格里夫選擇寫(xiě)他的喜劇主要以肩負(fù)著家庭和社會(huì)壓力的年輕人在愛(ài)情和婚姻中的選擇為主題。11. Of the four speakers in his Of Dramatick Poesie John Dryden speaks through the character called (D. Neander) 譯者無(wú)能為力，請(qǐng)見(jiàn)諒！12Besid

28、es heroic plays, Dryden also produced (A.tragi-comedies) such as Secret Love and Marriage a-la-mode.除了英雄劇之外，屈萊頓還創(chuàng)作出有悲喜劇例如神秘愛(ài)情和時(shí)髦的婚姻。13. In religion John Bunyan was a (B. Puritan disenter).在宗教中約翰.班揚(yáng)是一個(gè)清教徒反對(duì)者。14. The Pilgrims Progress is an allegory.天路歷程是一部寓言故事。15. Before Dryden and Bunyan, the Englis

29、h prose mainly followed the French and Latin styles.在屈萊頓和班揚(yáng)之前，英語(yǔ)散文主要遵循法國(guó)和拉丁語(yǔ)風(fēng)格。P2151. The two poets who won the title of the poet laureate are Wordsworth and Southey.獲得桂冠詩(shī)人頭銜的兩位詩(shī)人是華茲華斯和索錫（騷塞）2. When composing poems for Lyrical ballads, Coleridge was given the task of writing about the supernatural a

30、nd romantic.在為抒情詩(shī)集創(chuàng)作詩(shī)歌時(shí)，柯?tīng)柭芍蔚哪康氖潜憩F(xiàn)超自然的、浪漫的內(nèi)容。3. Wordsworth does not emphasise the importance of the right poetic form in poetry composition.華茲華斯沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)正確的詩(shī)歌形式在詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作中的重要性。4. Prometheus Unbound is a(n) lyrical drama by Shelley.解縛的普羅米修斯是雪萊創(chuàng)作的抒情戲劇。5. After the massacre in St. Peters Field near Manchester, S

31、helley wrote “Song to the Men of England”.在曼徹斯特附近的圣彼得廣場(chǎng)發(fā)生大屠殺之后，雪萊寫(xiě)了給英格蘭人民的歌。6. King Richard the Lion Heart and Robin Hood both appear in Scotts novel Ivanhoe.獅心王理查和羅賓漢都出現(xiàn)在司各特的小說(shuō)艾凡赫中。7. Of the following four novels by Austen Pride and Prejudice is the most popular and dramatic one.在以下四部奧斯汀的小說(shuō)中，傲慢與偏見(jiàn)是

32、最受歡最引人注目的。8. Which of the following poems was written by Scott?The Lady of the Lake.以下哪部作品是司各特寫(xiě)的？湖上夫人9. The Lord of the Isles is a poem that tells the glorious victory of the battle at Bannockburn led by the Scottish national hero Robert Bruce.島嶼的領(lǐng)主是一首講述蘇格蘭民族英雄羅伯特布魯斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的班諾克本戰(zhàn)役光榮勝利的詩(shī)。10. Shelley was influenced by Utopian ideal of William Godwin.雪萊受到威廉戈德溫的烏托邦理想的影響。P462 1. In Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the pilgrims set out to Canterbury to pay tribute to Thomas Becket.在喬叟的坎特伯雷故事集中朝圣者們前往坎特伯雷向托馬斯貝克特朝貢。2. In The Faerie Queene, Edmund Spenser eulogised knightly virtues in a special m