國(guó)貿(mào)課后練習(xí)答案全 周瑞琪

1、acceptance 承兌actual total loss 實(shí)際全損ad valorem 從價(jià)運(yùn)費(fèi)additional 附屬費(fèi)advanced B/L 預(yù)簽提單air transportation 空運(yùn)air waybill 空運(yùn)單ante-dated B/L 倒簽提單anticipatory credit 預(yù)支信用證back-to-back credit 背對(duì)背信用證basic freight 基本運(yùn)費(fèi)beneficiary 受益人bill of exchange 匯票charter party 租船契約charter transportation 租船運(yùn)輸charter(tramp) 不

2、定期貨船check 支票claimant 索賠人clean B/L 清潔提單clean bill 光票clean collection 光票托收clean credit 光票信用證combined certificate 聯(lián)合憑證confirmed L/C 保兌信用證constructive total loss 推定全損containerization 集裝箱運(yùn)輸contribution 分?jǐn)俤eferred payment 延期付款demurrage 滯期費(fèi)discount 折扣，貼現(xiàn)documentary bill 跟單匯票documentary letter of credit 跟單信

3、用證endorsement 背書exclusions 除外責(zé)任external risks 外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)extraneous risks 外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)factoring 保理業(yè)務(wù)forfeiting 包買票據(jù)fortuitous accidents 意外事故franchise 免賠率freight rates 運(yùn)費(fèi)率freight ton 運(yùn)費(fèi)噸general average 共同海損general risks 一般外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)indemnity 賠償insurable interest 可保利益insurance certificate 保險(xiǎn)憑證insurance claim 保險(xiǎn)索賠insurance

4、 cover(age) 保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)別insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)單insurance premium 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)insurance rate 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率irrevocable L/C 不可撤銷信用證lay day 裝卸天數(shù)liner/gross terms 班輪條件liners transportation 班輪運(yùn)輸measurement ton 尺碼噸natural calamity 自然災(zāi)害open policy 預(yù)約保單optional port 選擇港order B/L 指示提單partial loss 部分損失partial shipments 分批裝運(yùn)particular aver

5、age 單獨(dú)海損paying instrument 支付工具payment by installments 分期付款payment in advance 預(yù)付payment term 支付方式perils of the sea 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)port of destination 目的港port of shipment 裝運(yùn)港presentation 提示presenting bank 代收行promissory note 本票proximate cause 近因原則rail(way) transportation 鐵路運(yùn)輸reciprocal credit 對(duì)開信用證red clause cred

6、it 紅條款信用證remittance 匯付revocable L/C 可撤銷信用證revolving credit 循環(huán)信用證road transportation 公路運(yùn)輸sea transportation 海運(yùn)sea waybill 海運(yùn)單sight draft 即期匯票sight L/C即期信用證special risks 特殊外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)stale B/L 過期提單standby L/C 備用信用證straight B/L 記名提單subject matter 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的subrogation 代位求償權(quán)sum insured 保險(xiǎn)金額surcharge 附加費(fèi)tenor 匯票期限the

7、 insured/insurant 被保險(xiǎn)人the insurer 承保人，保險(xiǎn)公司time charter 期租船time of delivery 交貨期time/usance draft 遠(yuǎn)期匯票total loss 全部損失transferable L/C 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證transshipment 轉(zhuǎn)船underwriter 承保人unexpected accidents 意外事故utmost good faith 最大誠(chéng)信原則voyage charter 程租船weight ton 重量噸CFS (Container Freight Station) 集裝箱貨運(yùn)站CIC (China I

8、nsurance Clauses) 中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)條例CP (Charter Party) 租船契約CY (Container Yard) 集裝箱堆場(chǎng)D/A (documents against acceptance) 承兌交單D/D (demand draft) 即期匯票D/P (documents against payment) 付款交單DR to DR (Door to Door) 門到門運(yùn)輸F. I. (Free In) 船方管卸不管裝F. I. O. (Free In and Out) 船方不管裝卸F. I. O. S. T. (Free In and Out, Stowed Trimm

9、ed) 船方不管裝卸，理艙和平艙F. O. (Free Out) 船方管裝不管卸FCI (Factors Chain International) 國(guó)際保理聯(lián)合會(huì)FCL (Full Container Load) 整裝箱FPA (Free from Particular Average) 平安險(xiǎn)GA (General Contribution) 共同分?jǐn)侷CC (Institute Cargo Clause) 協(xié)會(huì)貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款I(lǐng)MT (International Multimodal Transportation) 國(guó)際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)IOP (irrespective of percentage

10、) 不計(jì)免賠率L/C (letter of credit) 信用證L/G (letter of guarantee) 保函LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼裝箱M (Measurement) 尺碼M/T (mail transfer) 信匯MTO (Multimodal Transportation Operator) 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人PICC (the Peoples Insurance Company of China) 中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司SRCC (strikes, riots and civil commotions) 罷工，暴動(dòng)，民變臉T/T (telegr

11、aphic transfer) 電匯TPND (theft, pilferage and non-delivery) 偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)UCP 600 (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit 600) 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 600URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collection 522) 托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則W (Weight) 重量W/W Clause (Warehouse to Warehouse Clause) 倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款WPA (With Particular Average) 水漬險(xiǎn)Chapter 51.

12、In international cargo transportation, the most widely adopted bill of lading is D. order bill of lading.2. In DES contracts, a reasonable order for time of shipment and time of delivery is B. June 1 and July 1.3. A bill of lading is C. ante-dated B/L when its date of shipment is indicated earlier t

13、han the actual time of shipment.4. A (An) D. bill of lading represents title to the cargo.5. In the import and export business, B. an ocean B/L can be made out to negotiable document.6. The bill of lading presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentatio

14、n or after the goods are due at the port of destination is a A. stale B/L.7. A “freight to be collected” B/L is acceptable to the buyer when the contract is based on A. FOB.8. A C. conference liner normally has regular scheduled departures, specified routes and comparatively fixed freight rates.9. A

15、n order B/L with blank endorsement is a B/L showing B. neither the name of consignee nor the name of transferee.10. A(n) A. straight B/L refers to one that is made out to a designated consignee.Chapter 61. The main document adopted by the insured to make claims against the insurer is D. insurance do

16、cument.2. Perils of the sea, such as vessel being stranded or grounded covered in an insurance policy are one kind of B. fortuitous accidents.3. According to “Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the Peoples Insurance Company of China”, the coverage which cannot be effected independently is C. War Risk.4. C

17、ompany A exported 5 metric tons of tea. The tea suffered heavy storm in transit. The sea water in the ships hold led to the deterioration in the quality of part of the tea exported. This kind of loss is D. particular average.5. The insurance document that is acceptable mostly in Hong Kong of China,

18、Singapore and Malaysia is C. combined certificate.6. The coverage of ICC(A) is equivalent to that of C. All Risks of CIC.7. Risks such as “failure to delivery risk” or “rejection risk” fall within the category of B. special extraneous risks.8. According to “Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the Peoples I

19、nsurance Company of China”, the basic coverage that is the least extensive is A. FPA.9. In the case of air freight, if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse at destination stipulated in the insurance policy, the expiration of the insurance is B. 30 days after completion of dischar

20、ge overside from the overseas vessel at the final port of discharge.10. Under C. ICC(C) coverage of London Institute Cargo Clause, only major casualties are covered, but not natural calamities.Chapter 71. If there is no specific provision, the draft under a letter of credit should draw on the B. iss

21、uing bank.2. The draft used in collection is D. a commercial draft, based on commercial credit.3. A standby credit B. is a special clean credit.4. Under collection once the importer refuses to pay, the C. principal will be responsible for the cargo release, customs clearance, warehousing, and resell

22、ing in the importing country.5. The bill of exchange used in D/A must be a D. usance bill.6. If a bank other than the issuing bank guarantees the payment under an L/C, this L/C is A. a confirmed credit.7. A C. reciprocal credit is normally used in processing trade.8. Which of the following statement

23、s is NOT true about remittance? A. It provides highest security to the buyer but not the seller.9. B. packing loan is a L/C based financing which will provide the exporter funds before the goods are produced.10. If the exporter finds out mistakes on a received L/C, he should contact the B. importer

24、at the first place.Chapter 5T 1 .Liner freight has covered the loading and unloading fee.F 2. When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the charterer.T 3. When the charterer fails to load or unload the

25、goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship owner.F 4. Ocean bills of lading, air waybills and rail waybills are property documents presenting title to cargoes, so they are all negotiable.T 5. Bills of lading are usually made out in a full set including several or

26、iginals and copies.F 6. Since straight B/L bears higher risk than the open B/L , it is rarely used in international transportation.F 7. A clean B/L is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in apparent goods condition.F 8. In international trade practice, the time

27、of shipment is actually the time of delivery.T 9. Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge during negotiation, he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract as optional ports.T 10. UCP 600 stipulates that partial shipment and transshipment are allowed

28、unless it is stipulated otherwise.Chapter 6 F 1. In marine cargo insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.F 2. In Chinese insurance practice, open policy is the same as the insurance

29、certificate.T 3. Special additional coverages such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA, WPA or ALL Risks.F 4. In ocean marine insurance, natural calamities include heavy weather, earthquake, tsunami, flood, collision, etc.T 5. The coverage of Land Transportation Risk

30、and Air Transportation Risk are almost equivalent to WPA in marine cargo insurance.F 6. Subrogation Principle states that in the event of loss of or damage to the subject matter insured resulting from an insured peril, the insured is placed in the same position that he enjoyed immediately before the

31、 loss occurred.T 7. The 10% markup rate of the commercial invoice value in an insurance policy is to cover an anticipated profit as well as other additional costs involved.T 8. Under a deductible franchise, where the loss or damage exceeds the percentage allowed, the insurance company needs merely i

32、ndemnify the exceeding part to the insured.F 9. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.F 10. The claimant is the party who suffers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured by himself.Chapter 7F 1. If the remittance is made by a ba

33、nkers demand draft, this payment is based on bank credit.T 2. For a confirmed credit, the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bank.T 3. A letter of credit which does not indicate whether it is revocable or not is regarded as irrevocable.F 4. A letter of credit not mentioning ti i

34、s non-transferable will be seen as transferable.F 5. Using a third currency in collecting payment is the best protection against currency risk for the seller.T 6. Since under L/C the seller gets payment from a party independent of the buyer, it is the safest mode for him.T 7. Open account and paymen

35、t in advance indicate the minimum and maximum risk for the importer.F 8. Dishonor only refers to the rejection to the presentation for payment, but not rejection to the presentation for acceptance.T 9. Under collection though the seller collects payment through banks, it is not guaranteed that he wi

36、ll receive the money as collection is still based on commercial credit.F 10. In international trade clean collection is more frequently used than documentary collection.Chapter 51. Under what circumstances does the time of shipment equal to the time of delivery? Time of shipment refers to the time l

37、imit for loading the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment while time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place.For all shipment contracts, time of shipment equals to time of delivery, and according to Incoterms

38、2010, contracts concluded on the basis terms like FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA, CPT, CIP are shipment contracts. Under the shipment contract, the seller fulfills his obligation of delivery when the goods are shipped on board the vessel or delivered to the carrier and the seller only bears all risks prior to s

39、hipment.2. What are the functions of a bill of a lading? A cargo receipt, evidence of a contract of carriage, a document of title to the goods.3. What are the main types of bills of lading? ·According to whether the goods have been loaded on board the carrying vessel: Shipped B/L and received f

40、or shipment B/L ·According to the apparent condition of the received cargo: Clean B/L and Unclean B/L,·According to the address of the consignee: Straight B/L, Order B/L and Bear B/L,·According to whether transshipment is involved in transit: Direct B/L and Transshipment B/L,·Acc

41、ording to the perplexity or simplicity of the bill content: Long term B/L and Short term B/L,·According to the payment condition of freight: Freight prepaid B/L and Freight to be Collected B/L·According to the validity: Original B/L and Copy B/L ·Other forms of bill of lading also exi

42、st according to different circumstances: Stale B/L, Ante-dated B/L, Advanced B/L, On-deck B/L.4. What are the ways of dividing charges of loading and unloading in a charter party?·Liner Terms/ Gross Terms or In and out: The ship-owner bears loading and unloading cost.·Free in: The ship-own

43、er is only responsible for unloading cost.·Free out: The ship-owner is only responsible for loading cost.·Free in and out: The ship-owner does not bear loading and unloading cost. OR F. I. O. S. T.: The ship-owner does not bear loading and unloading cost, not even bear the expenses of stow

44、ing and trimming.5. What factors are to be concerned in stipulating clause of delivery in a contract?Time of delivery(time of shipment), port (place) of shipment and port (place) of destination, partial shipment, transshipment, or lay days, demurrage and dispatch money.Chapter 61. What are the diffe

45、rences between general average and particular average?Although both general average and particular average belong to the category of partial loss, there is still some differences between them:·Causes: Particular average is a kind of cargo loss usually caused directly by sea perils, while genera

46、l average is caused by intentional measures taken to save the common interest.·Indemnification: Particular average is often borne by the party whose cargo is damaged, while general average should be proportionally contributed among all parties benefited from the intentional measures.2. What are

47、 the conditions for general average?·The danger that threatens the common safety of cargo and/or vessel shall be materially existent and is not foreseen. ·The measures taken by the master shall be aimed to remove the common danger of both vessel and cargo and shall be undertaken deliberate

48、ly and reasonably for common safety.·The sacrifice shall be specialized and not caused by perils directly and the expense incurred shall be additional expense which is not within the operation budget.·The actions of the ships master shall be successful in saving the voyage3. What are the d

49、ifferences between the scope of ICC(B) and ICC(C)?The scope of ICC(C) covers loss of damage to the cargo attributable to fire or explosion, vessel of craft being stranded, grounded, sunk or capsized, overturning or derailment of land conveyance, collision or contract of vessel, craft or conveyance w

50、ith any external object other than water, or discharge of cargo at a port of distress, general average sacrifice, or jettison.Apart from those covered under ICC(C), the scope of ICC(B) also covers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured attributable to earthquake, volcanic eruption or convey

51、ance, container, liftvan or place of storage, or total loss of any package lost overboard or dropped whilst loading onto or unloading form, vessel or craft.4. What are the risks that are known as general additional coverage1)T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery), 2)Fresh Water Rain Damage, 3)Ri

52、sk of Shortage, 4)Risk of Inter Mixture and Contamination, 5)Risk of Leakage, 6)Risk of Clash and Breakage, 7)Risk of Odor, 8)Heating and Sweating Risk, 9)Hook Damage, 10)Risk of Rust, 11)Breakage of Packing Damage5. What are the main expenses involved in ocean marine insurance? How to define them?M

53、arine cargo insurance also covers the expenses incurred to avoid or reduce the damage to or loss of the subject matter insured. There are mainly two types of expenses. One is Sue and labor expense, the other is salvage charges.Sue and labor expense are extraordinary expenses made in a time of peril

54、by the insured to act to avert, or minimize any loss of or damage to the subject matter insured. Salvage charges are expenses resulting from measures properly taken by a third party other than the insured, his agent, or any person employed by them to preserve maritime property from peril at sea.6. W

55、hat documents are needed when an insurance claim is made?·Original insurance policy or insurance certificate·Original bill of lading or other transport document·Commercial invoice·Packing list·Certificate of Loss(Survey)·The landing account or weight notes(notes on weig

56、ht) at destination·Any correspondence with the carrier or any other party who could be responsible for the loss or damage·Masters protest.Chapter 71. After Bank X advised exporter Y of the L/C, the shipment was made. When the cargo was on the way, the importer filed for bankruptcy. Is Y ou

57、t luck of collecting the payment? Can the opening bank refuse to make reimbursement to the negotiating bank? Why or why not?No, exporter Y does not need to worry about the payment. Because the payment is by L/C, the issuing bank is responsible for making payment regardless of the importers situation

58、. But the condition is that exporter Y can fulfill all the requirements listed on the L/C. According to UCP600, a credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the opening bank to pay or to pay at maturity in case of acceptance. Therefore once the stipulated documents are presented to the opening bank and the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with, the opening bank cannot refuse to make reimbursement to the negotiating bank.2. An L/C does not indicate whether i