汽車專業(yè)英語(第4章)《汽車專業(yè)英語 》王錦俞主編

1、汽車專業(yè)英語Unit 4 Transmission system 第四單元 傳動系 4-1 Transmission Systems and Clutch 傳動系和離合器v1- engine 發(fā)動機 v2- transaxle 變速驅(qū)動橋 v3- gear box 變速器 v4/8- axle shaft或half shaft 半軸 v5- drive shaft 傳動軸 v6- differential 差速器 v7- axle casing，axle body，axle box 橋殼v 9- tire and wheel 輪胎和車輪v1- flywheel 飛輪 2- clutch pla

2、te 或clutch di 從動盤 v3- pressure plate 壓盤 4- clutch cover 離合器蓋 v5- release bearing 分離軸承 6- operating fork 分離叉 v7- fluid reservoir 儲液罐 8- master cylinder 主缸 v9- clutch pedal 離合器踏板v10- diaphragm spring 膜片彈簧 v11-pressure plate或driving plate 壓盤，壓板 v12- plate friction lining或clutch plate lining 摩擦片 v13-ret

3、aining rivet 固定鉚釘 v14- torsion rubber 扭轉(zhuǎn)橡膠 v15- clutch hub 離合器轂 ClutchvIn this article, we will learn why you need a clutch, and understand how the clutch in your car works. vThe reason of you need a clutch in the car is that the engine spins all the time, but the car wheels dont. In order for a car

4、 to stop without killing the engine, the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow. The clutch allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.vA clutch works because of friction between a clutch plate and a flywheel

5、. The clutch is a device that lets you connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission. When you push in the clutch pedal, the engine and the transmission are disconnected so the engine can run even if the car is standing still. When you release the clutch pedal, the engine and the input shaf

6、t are directly connected to one another. The input shaft and gear turn at the same rpm as the engine.vA clutch is composed of the clutch disc, the pressure plate, the release lever and the release bearing. 4-2 Gearbox 變速器v1- first gear 一檔齒輪 2- reverse gear 倒檔齒輪 v3- second gear 二檔齒輪 4- third gear 三檔齒

7、輪 v5- fourth gear 四檔齒輪 6- fifth gear 五檔齒輪 v7/14- drive shaft, input shaft 輸入軸 v 8/16- output shaft 輸出軸 v9- differential 差速器 10-axle shaft 半軸 v11- side gear 半軸齒輪 12- side pinion 行星齒輪 v13- final drive ring gear 主減速器齒圈 v 15- transmission case 變速器殼體 v17- countershaft，intermediary shaft，inter-mediate sha

8、ft，jack shaft 中間軸 v1- clutch sleeve或synchronizer sleeve 接合套 v2- insert spring或shifting key spring 滑塊彈簧 v3- input gear 輸入齒輪 v4/8- blocking ring或 synchronizer ring 鎖環(huán) v5- groove 槽 v6- clutch hub 接合齒轂 v7- insert key 滑塊 v9- cone 錐面 v10- insert spring 滑塊彈簧GearboxvA gearbox changes the speed and torque of

9、 the output shaft by meshing different gears. It provides a way to disconnect the engine from the transmission system without depressing the clutch pedal for a long time. It enables the vehicle to be reversed.vA gearbox has many shafts and gears. The common problems with gearbox include the difficul

10、ty in engaging gears, jumping out of gear, noisy gear mesh and oil leaks. You should look for the reasons and eliminate the problems.vThe diagram shows a very simple two-speed transmission in neutral. Lets look at each of the parts in this diagram to understand how they fit together: vThe input shaf

11、t comes from the engine through the clutch. The input shaft and the gear on it are connected as a single unit. vInter-mediate shaft are also connected as a single piece, so all of the gears on the inter-mediate shaft and the inter-mediate shaft itself spin as one unit. The input shaft and the inter-

12、mediate shaft are directly connected through their meshed gears so that if the input shaft is spinning, so is the inter-mediate shaft . In this way, the inter-mediate shaft receives its power directly from the engine whenever the clutch is engaged. vThe gears 1 ride on bearings， so they spin on the

13、output shaft. If the engine is off but the car is coasting, the output shaft can turn inside the gears1 while the gears1 and the inter-mediate shaft are motionless. 4-3 Automatic Transmission自動變速器 v1- torque converter 液力變距器 v2- oil pump 油泵 v3- VSS = vehicle speed sensor 車速傳感器 v4- sensors 【復數(shù)】傳感器 v5-

14、 pinion gear speed sensor 行星齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 v6-planetary gear drive mechanism 行星齒輪傳動機構 v7- ECT ECU = electronically controlled transmission 電控自動變速器ECU v ECU=electronic control unit 電子控制單元，電腦v8- input turbo speed sensor 輸入渦輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 v9-solenoid valve 電磁閥 v10-control valve body 控制閥體 v11- selector (shift) lever 變

15、速桿v1-cover 蓋 v2-lockup clutch或converter clutch 鎖止離合器 v3-turbine 渦輪 v4-impeller 泵輪 v5-reactor 導輪 v6-sun gear 太陽輪 v7-planetary gear或pinion gear 行星齒輪v8-planetary carrier或pinion gear carrier 行星架v9-internal ring gear 內(nèi)齒圈vP=parking 駐車檔vR=reverse 倒檔vN=neutral 空檔vD=driving 前進檔v2=second 第二檔vL=low 低檔v1-OD swi

16、tch=over drive (control) switch 超速運行開關，O/D開關 v2-transaxle shift switch 變速驅(qū)動橋換檔開關 v3-driving pattern (mode) selector switch 運行模式選擇開關 vmanual mode 手動模式veconomy mode 經(jīng)濟模式vpower mode 動力模式vsnow mode 雪地模式Shifting the Automatic Transaxle vThere are several different positions for your shift lever:v Park P

17、Reverse Rv Neutral N Drive Dv Second 2 First 1vP (Park)：This locks your front wheels. Its the best position to use when you start your engine because your vehicle cant move easily. vR (Reverse)：Use this gear to back up.vN (Neutral)：In this position，your engine doesnt connect with the wheels. To rest

18、art when youre already moving, use N only. Also, use N when your vehicle is being towed. vD (Drive)：This position is for normal driving, at all speeds, in most street and highway situation. v2 (Second)：This position gives you more power but lower fuel economy. You can use 2 on hills. It can help con

19、trol your speed as you go down steep mountain roads. v1 (First)：This position gives you even more power (but lower fuel economy) than 2. You can use it on very steep hills, or in deep snow or mud.4-4 Final drive and Differential 主減速器和差速器v1-flange 凸緣 v2-oil seal 油封 v3-final drive case 主減速器殼 v 4-adjus

20、ting shim 調(diào)整墊片 v5-drive pinion 驅(qū)動小齒輪 v 6/16-adjusting nut 調(diào)整螺母 v7-axle shaft 半軸 v 8-side pinion 行星齒輪 v9/ 13-bearing 軸承 v10-ring gear 齒圈 v11-side gear 半軸齒輪 v12- differential case 差速器殼 v14-final drive cover 主減速器蓋 v15-collapsible spacer 可塌縮隔套 v17-offset 偏置 v18-hypoid gear 準雙曲面齒輪Why You Need a Different

21、ial vCar wheels spin at different speeds, especially when turning. Each wheel travels a different distance through the turn, and that the inside wheels travel a shorter distance than the outside wheels. Since speed is equal to the distance traveled divided by the time it takes to go that distance, t

22、he wheels that travel a shorter distance travel at a lower speed. Also note that the front wheels travel a different distance than the rear wheels. vFor the non-driven wheels on your car，the front wheels on a rear-wheel drive car, the back wheels on a front-wheel drive car ，this is not an issue. The

23、re is no connection between them, so they spin independently. But the driven wheels are linked together so that a single engine and transmission can turn both wheels. If your car did not have a differential, the wheels would have to be locked together, forced to spin at the same speed. This would ma

24、ke turning difficult and hard on your car. or the car to be able to turn, one tire would have to slip. With modern tires and concrete roads, a great deal of force is required to make a tire slip. That force would have to be transmitted through the axle from one wheel to another, putting a heavy stra

25、in on the axle components. vThus, a differential is necessary to solve these problems. 4-5 Driveshaft and 4WD 傳動軸和四輪驅(qū)動 v1/16- universal joint 萬向節(jié) v2-countershaft或intermediate shaft 中間軸 v3-rubber absorber 橡膠減震器 v4/ 11-sleeve yoke 套筒叉 v5-balance weight 平衡重 v6/18 -center support 中間支撐 v7-drive shaft 傳動軸

26、 v8-flange yoke 凸緣叉 v9-cross或 cross spider 十字軸 v 10/12-weld yoke, tube yoke 萬向節(jié)叉 v13-round bear cap 轉(zhuǎn)動軸承蓋 v 14-flexible universal joint 撓性萬向節(jié) v15/17-adjusting nut 調(diào)整螺母 v19-flexible coupling 撓性聯(lián)軸器v21-differential 差速器 v 22-axle shaft 半軸 v23-inner race 內(nèi)球座 v24/28/29/33-drive shaft 驅(qū)動軸 v25/ 30- bell typ

27、e housing 鐘形殼 v26-cage 保持架，球籠 v27-ball 球 v 24/28/29/33-drive shaft 驅(qū)動軸 v25/ 30- bell type housing 鐘形殼 v31-spider或tripod 三銷架 v32-ball ring 球環(huán)1-4WD=four wheel drive 四輪驅(qū)動 2-transfer case 分動器 3-center differential 中間差速器 4-VC=viscous clutch 粘液離合器 Four-wheel DrivevFour-wheel-drive system has several diffe

28、rent schemes for providing power to all of the wheels. The language used by the different carmakers can sometimes be a little confusing, lets clear up some terminology. vFour-wheel drive：Usually, when carmakers say that a car has four-wheel drive, they are referring to a part-time system. For reason

29、s well explore later in this article, these systems are meant only for use in low-traction conditions, such as off-road or on snow or ice. v All-wheel drive ：These systems are sometimes called full-time four-wheel drive. All-wheel-drive systems are designed to function on all types of surfaces, both

30、 on- and off-road, and most of them cannot be switched off.4-6 Hub and Tire 輪轂和輪胎v1-double row angular bearing 雙列向心軸承 v2-hub bolt 輪轂螺栓 v3-lock nut 鎖止螺母 v4-axle shaft 車軸 v5-rotor或braking disc 制動盤 v6-ball cup或 ball socket 球頭座 v7-ball stud或 ball pin 球頭銷 v8-bearing saddle 軸承座 v 9-brake drum 制動鼓 v10-doub

31、le-row radial thrust ball bearing 雙列向心推力球軸承 v11-steering knuckle 轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié) v12-axle hub nut 輪轂螺母 v13-axle hub或 wheel hub 輪轂 v14/15-tapered roller bearing 錐形滾子軸承 v16-radial ball bearing 徑向滾球軸承vA-diagonal tire或cross ply tire 斜交輪胎 va-tubed tire 有內(nèi)胎斜交輪胎 vB-radial (ply) tire 子午線輪胎 vb-TL=tubeless tire 無內(nèi)胎輪胎 v1-cord 簾線 v2-cord ply 簾布層 v2a-carcass plies 胎體簾布層 v2b-tread plies 胎面簾布層 v3-tread或 tire tread 胎面 v4-shoulder 胎肩 v5-sidewall 胎側(cè) v6-bead或tire bead 胎圈 v7-bead toe 胎趾