畢業(yè)論文新中式仿古的壁燈設(shè)計(jì)

1、南京視覺藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題 目： 仿古燈箱設(shè)計(jì) 院 （系）： 設(shè)計(jì)系 專 業(yè)： 室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 號： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 職 稱： 二O一 五 年 十月 月 十三 日摘要 該項(xiàng)目是一盞新中式仿古的壁燈，燈在中國人心目中具有特殊的意義和神圣的地位。中國的傳統(tǒng)燈具設(shè)計(jì)受整個(gè)社會文化氛圍、觀念形態(tài)、宗教信仰、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的影響，也呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的文化特質(zhì)和藝術(shù)魅力。燈在現(xiàn)代住宅中是必不可少的一種照明設(shè)施，在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上，我參考了一些其它設(shè)計(jì)的新中式仿古燈的圖片，從中汲取了一些古典元素加以利用。 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的壁燈采用鏤空雕刻而成，燈的材質(zhì)為木藝，燈罩由羊皮紙裁剪而成，燈源為led燈條?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】 新

2、中式 仿古 燈 壁燈【Message digest】 The project is a new Chinese style antique wall lamp, a lamp lights in the Chinese mind has special significance and sacred status.Chinese traditional lamps and lanterns design by the entire social culture, ideology, religion, customs and habits, and present a unique cultu

3、ral traits and artistic charm.Light is one of the indispensable in modern residential lighting facilities, on this project, I consulted some pictures of other design of new Chinese style antique lamp, learned some classical elements. The carved wall lamp USES the hollow out of the project, the mater

4、ial of lamp for woodwork, chimney composed of parchment paper cutting, light source for led lights. 【Keywords】 Neo-Chinese Style archaize lampe wall lamp【目錄】前言-3 正文-41. 設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思-42. 靈感來源-43. 壁燈解析-44. 設(shè)計(jì)策劃-5【前言】（圖 1） 來源于百度 燈是我生活中接觸很多，卻從未在意的一種設(shè)施，燈嘛，我認(rèn)為只要可以照明就好了，但后來學(xué)了燈的種類，開始慢慢了解燈其實(shí)也是一個(gè)很有創(chuàng)意和想法的實(shí)施方向。 燈在中國古代以

5、燈籠的形式出現(xiàn)，在歷史學(xué)家的考證中，證明中國的燈籠是世界上最早發(fā)明的便攜照明工具。作為中華兒女的我們，應(yīng)該更加熱愛我們的文化。對于祖國文明更加珍惜愛護(hù)，保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化的精髓并使之方揚(yáng)光大?，F(xiàn)代社會中人們基本上不需要用燈籠來照明了，但燈籠的特殊地位依然不減。每逢佳節(jié)、婚禮慶典這樣的喜慶日子，燈籠依然是首選。而現(xiàn)在的燈籠從工藝上有了極大的改進(jìn)，設(shè)計(jì)上更具裝飾意味，使用的場合也有很大的發(fā)展，比如廣告。 燈從“華燈初現(xiàn)”的戰(zhàn)國、秦朝發(fā)展到“燭燈齊放，富燈獨(dú)尊”的明清時(shí)期，然后直到愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈，才使得人們擺脫了使用油燈、蠟燭來照明。 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)元素來源于古代窗花造型的啟發(fā)，但窗花的雕刻工藝過于復(fù)雜

6、，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就選取了一些比較簡單的元素融入進(jìn)去，營造一種簡潔大方，又古典的感覺。 【正文】1. 設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思 該項(xiàng)目基本采用了木藝，加以中式鏤空的雕飾為主。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)元素來源于古代窗花雕飾的啟發(fā)，但是窗花的雕刻工藝過于復(fù)雜，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就選取了一些比較簡單的元素融入進(jìn)去。這是一個(gè)新中式的壁燈，壁燈的燈罩采用羊皮紙為主材，燈為節(jié)能的LED燈條，很好的節(jié)約了電能。2. 靈感來源 想到這個(gè)創(chuàng)意還得來源于一條廣告，那是央視的一則公益廣告，一個(gè)在街角擺攤的老爺爺給一個(gè)下晚班的女孩照亮的公益廣告?；叵肽莻€(gè)廣告，其實(shí)就是一盞燈溫暖了一個(gè)人的回家路。由此讓我有一個(gè)想設(shè)計(jì)一盞燈放在那個(gè)巷子里的沖動(dòng)。3. 壁燈解析 壁

7、燈是安裝在室內(nèi)墻壁上的輔助照明裝飾燈具，一般多配用乳白色的玻璃燈罩。燈泡功率多在15-40瓦左右，光線淡雅和諧，可把環(huán)境點(diǎn)綴得優(yōu)雅、富麗，尤以新婚居室特別適合。壁燈的種類和樣式較多，一般常見的吸頂燈、變色壁燈、床頭壁燈、鏡前壁燈等。 壁燈多裝于陽臺、樓梯、走廊過道以及臥室、適宜作長明燈；變色壁燈多用于節(jié)日、喜慶之時(shí)采用；床頭壁燈大多數(shù)都是裝在床頭的左上方，燈頭可萬向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，光束集中，便于閱讀；鏡前壁燈多裝飾在盥洗間鏡子附近使用。壁燈安裝高度應(yīng)略超過視平線1.8米高左右。壁燈的照明度不宜過大，這樣更富有藝術(shù)感染力，壁燈燈罩的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)墻色而定，白色或奶黃色的墻，宜用淺綠、淡藍(lán)的燈罩，湖綠和天藍(lán)色的

8、墻，宜用乳白色、淡黃色、茶色的燈罩，這樣，在大面積一色的底色墻布，點(diǎn)綴上一只顯目的壁燈，給人以幽雅清新之感。連接壁燈的電線要選用淺色，便于涂上與墻色一致的涂料，以保持墻面的整潔。另外，可先在墻上挖一條正好嵌入電線的小槽，把電線嵌入，用石灰填平，再涂上與墻色相同的涂料。4.設(shè)計(jì)策劃 這個(gè)燈在設(shè)計(jì)之初的時(shí)候就有了一個(gè)大概的材料概括，然后參考了一些其它樣式的壁燈，去繁取簡的從其它燈上面搜羅一些簡單的元素設(shè)計(jì)而成。 這個(gè)燈用的是羊皮紙的燈罩，有人會說為什么不用亞克力的呢，照的多亮啊，我之所以沒有用亞克力的主要是想營造出一種溫馨的感覺，暖色調(diào)的燈光最容易讓人有這種感覺了。而羊皮紙正好充分的發(fā)揮了這個(gè)有點(diǎn)

9、，暗黃色的羊皮紙作為燈罩，燈亮的時(shí)候呈現(xiàn)暖色的燈光，有家的溫暖。 其次，這個(gè)壁燈的光源采用的是LED燈條為光源，主要是因?yàn)長ED壽命長，還具有穩(wěn)定性和適用性，而且LED消耗能量較同光效的白熾燈減少80%，也對環(huán)境無有害金屬汞的污染。 5. 壁燈的設(shè)計(jì)特色5.1仿羊皮紙 壁燈的燈罩是用仿羊皮紙做成的，羊皮紙羊皮紙羊皮紙又稱工業(yè)羊皮紙,是制作書本或提供書寫的一種材料。仿羊皮紙外觀與植物羊皮紙相似，但生產(chǎn)方法和使用性能完全不同。產(chǎn)品的緊度大，纖維水化程度較高，纖維結(jié)合較好，具有較高的透明度和較低的孔隙度，相當(dāng)高的抗油性。使用長纖維未漂、半漂或全漂化學(xué)木漿，經(jīng)過高黏狀打漿，適當(dāng)?shù)厍袛嗪土己玫募?xì)纖維化之

10、后，最后送往造紙機(jī)抄造而成。主要用于工業(yè)和食品及雜貨行業(yè)作防油紙。亦可用于制作賀年卡等。一種利用木漿經(jīng)過延長打漿時(shí)間抄造的紙張，具有一定的強(qiáng)度、透明性好、能耐油等性質(zhì)。如經(jīng)過很好的軋光，則屬于高光澤仿羊皮紙。 5.2 LED燈條畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書 題目仿古燈設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名院（系）名稱設(shè)計(jì)系專業(yè)班級13室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)課題類型自擬課題意義照明設(shè)計(jì)工程是一門綜合學(xué)科門類的應(yīng)用工程，它涉及電工學(xué)、光學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)、生物學(xué)和照明藝術(shù)等。專業(yè)照明設(shè)計(jì)還涉及各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的知識，如道路照明涉及交通科學(xué)、體育場館照明涉及運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)等，可見照明設(shè)計(jì)十分復(fù)雜。因?yàn)閺?fù)雜，所以照明工程設(shè)計(jì)的效果在實(shí)施之前很難量化，有時(shí)侯工程完成

11、之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)不滿意。要解決好上述問題，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)專業(yè)照明設(shè)計(jì)隊(duì)伍的業(yè)務(wù)建設(shè)，提高照明設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量意識。因此要求照明設(shè)計(jì)工作者不僅要掌握照明設(shè)計(jì)的理論，還要了解國內(nèi)外有關(guān)照明技術(shù)的新動(dòng)態(tài)。任務(wù)與進(jìn)度要求1. 查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，了解裝飾燈具的設(shè)計(jì)史。2. 完成開題報(bào)告。要求符合開題報(bào)告撰寫規(guī)范。3. 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)需求，確定調(diào)光電源的技術(shù)方案，要求闡述方案工作原理；4. 仿真或者實(shí)物制作所設(shè)計(jì)的調(diào)光電源。要求達(dá)到基本技術(shù)指標(biāo)。5. 撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）說明書。要求符合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書撰寫規(guī)范。主要參考文獻(xiàn)1 遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期燈具的雛形2 詞源學(xué)“燈”3 奴隸社會的燈具 4 封建社會的燈具5 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的燈具6 近代的燈具

12、起止日期備注院（系）主任 教研室主任 指導(dǎo)教師 南京視覺藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告表 2015年 10 月 13日姓名院（系）設(shè)計(jì)系專業(yè)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)班級四班題目仿古燈設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)教師張凱1、 與本課題有關(guān)的國內(nèi)外（設(shè)計(jì)或研究）情況、課題（設(shè)計(jì)或研究）的主要內(nèi)容、目的和意義、特色與創(chuàng)新：國內(nèi)外（設(shè)計(jì)或研究）情況： 照明設(shè)計(jì)作為電氣設(shè)計(jì)的一部分，在國外是有自己專門的專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)者的。當(dāng)然，除了照明水平達(dá)到電氣設(shè)計(jì)的要求外，也同時(shí)注重了體現(xiàn)照明在藝術(shù)方面的效果。照明設(shè)計(jì)課程即使在國際上也是很新興的方向，在國內(nèi)無論是人才還是師資還是相當(dāng)匱乏的，就連香港擁有香港大學(xué)這樣一流的學(xué)校都沒有相關(guān)的專業(yè)和教師。專業(yè)的照明

13、設(shè)計(jì)目前只有復(fù)旦大學(xué)有這個(gè)課程，同濟(jì)大學(xué)目前的照明設(shè)計(jì)課程主要設(shè)立在建筑學(xué)專業(yè)方向。課題（設(shè)計(jì)或研究）的主要內(nèi)容：從市場需求出發(fā)，調(diào)查并分析傳統(tǒng)家具在造型、功能方面的缺憾，進(jìn)行創(chuàng)意設(shè)計(jì)。通過研究相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，提煉情趣化的設(shè)計(jì)元素，融入家居設(shè)計(jì)，并保證產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新獨(dú)特，使用舒適研究的目的及意義：第一：是為了照明，第二是為了美觀，好的燈具一方面可以陶冶心情，一方面可以為環(huán)境創(chuàng)建更好的美觀效果，讓人心情舒暢。照明設(shè)計(jì)工程是一門綜合學(xué)科門類的應(yīng)用工程，它涉及電工學(xué)、光學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)、生物學(xué)和照明藝術(shù)等。專業(yè)照明設(shè)計(jì)還涉及各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的知識，如道路照明涉及交通科學(xué)、體育場館照明涉及運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)等，可見照明設(shè)計(jì)十分復(fù)

14、雜。因?yàn)閺?fù)雜，所以照明工程設(shè)計(jì)的效果在實(shí)施之前很難量化，有時(shí)侯工程完成之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)不滿意。要解決好上述問題，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)專業(yè)照明設(shè)計(jì)隊(duì)伍的業(yè)務(wù)建設(shè)，提高照明設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量意識。因此要求照明設(shè)計(jì)工作者不僅要掌握照明設(shè)計(jì)的理論，還要了解國內(nèi)外有關(guān)照明技術(shù)的新動(dòng)態(tài)。特色與創(chuàng)新：設(shè)計(jì)的精髓是以人為本，在燈具的造型設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中，應(yīng)具有造型設(shè)計(jì)的特征和要素，遵循造型設(shè)計(jì)的原理，這樣才能使燈具在外觀上更符合社會的需求和滿足人們的心理需要。創(chuàng)新是設(shè)計(jì)的靈魂，它將為燈具帶來新的生命力二、進(jìn)度及預(yù)期結(jié)果：起止日期主要內(nèi)容預(yù)期結(jié)果1.選題，確定指導(dǎo)老師，開題2.搜集相關(guān)資料3.完成設(shè)計(jì)及確定完整設(shè)計(jì)方案完成完成完成完成課題的現(xiàn)有條件

15、設(shè)計(jì)趨勢調(diào)查、市場研究、資料收集分析。設(shè)計(jì)方案的科學(xué)評估，制造工藝流程的詳細(xì)了解。運(yùn)用平面表現(xiàn)、電腦三維模擬表現(xiàn)、模型樣品現(xiàn)實(shí)表現(xiàn)的方法來完成家具設(shè)計(jì)。審查意見指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日院（系）意見主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)： 年 月 日請刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business docume

16、nts that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists disdain for this taxation without representation (so-called because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the

17、 U.S. Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Income tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the

18、 population was required to pay the tax. A flat-rate income tax was imposed in 1867. The income tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Income tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Income Tax Act of 1894. The tax at

19、 that time was two percent on individual incomes in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by populat

20、ion (pollock v. farmers loan & trust, 158 U.S. 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 1895). After many years of debate and compromise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on income without apportionment among the s

21、tates. The objectives of the income tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the U.S. income tax system has become very complex. In 1913 the income tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation; the explanation of the tax reform act of 1

22、986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99-514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws oft

23、en reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, compared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew

24、W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to red

25、uce their taxable income, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that

26、will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law pa

27、ssed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recov

28、ery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelts new deal, imposed a five percent excise tax on dividend receipts, imposed a capital stock tax and an excess profits tax, and suspended all deductions for losses (June 16, 1933, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195). The repeal in 1933 of the eighteent

29、h amendment, which had prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, brought in an estimated $90 million in new liquor taxes in 1934. The social security act of 1935 provided for a wage tax, half to be paid by the employee and half by the employer, to establish a federal retirement fund (Old Age P

30、ension Act, Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620). The Wealth Tax Act, also known as the Revenue Act of 1935, increased the maximum tax rate to 79 percent, the Revenue Acts of 1940 and 1941 increased it to 81 percent, the Revenue Act of 1942 raised it to 88 percent, and the Individual Income Tax Act

31、 of 1944 raised the individual maximum rate to 94 percent. The post-World War II Revenue Act of 1945 reduced the individual maximum tax from 94 percent to 91 percent. The Revenue Act of 1950, during the korean war, reduced it to 84.4 percent, but it was raised the next year to 92 percent (Revenue Ac

32、t of 1950, Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 994, Stat. 906). It remained at this level until 1964, when it was reduced to 70 percent. The Revenue Act of 1954 revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, making major changes that were beneficial to the taxpayer, including providing for child care deductions (later

33、changed to credits), an increase in the charitable contribution limit, a tax credit against taxable retirement income, employee deductions for business expenses, and liberalized depreciation deductions. From 1954 to 1962, the Internal Revenue Code was amended by 183 separate acts. In 1974 the employ

34、ee retirement income security act (ERISA) created protections for employees whose employers promised specified pensions or other retirement contributions (Pub. L. No. 93-406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829). ERISA required that to be tax deductible, the employers plan contribution must meet certain min

35、imum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage tax-deferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, r

36、educing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 97-34, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the t

37、ax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $1

38、7,850 of income for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining income. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to two-income married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons

39、 filed their income tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax cr

40、edit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for income

41、tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and 39.6 percent on varying levels of income and for the taxation of social security income if the taxpayer receives other income over a certain level. In 2001 Congress enacted a major income tax cut at the urging of President george w. bush. Over the course of 11 years

42、the law reduces marginal income tax rates across all levels of income. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 25 percent. In addition, a new bottom 10 percent rate was created. Since the early 1980s, a flat-rate tax system rather

43、than the graduated bracketed method has been proposed. (The graduated bracketed method is the one that has been used since graduated taxes were introduced: the percentage of tax differs based on the amount of taxable income.) The flat-rate system would impose one rate, such as 20 percent, on all inc

44、ome and would eliminate special deductions, credits, and exclusions. Despite firm support by some, the flat-rate tax has not been adopted in the United States. Regardless of the changes made by legislators since 1913, the basic formula for computing the amount of tax owed has remained basically the same. To determine the amount of income tax owed, certain deductions are taken from an individuals gross income to arrive at an adjusted gross income, from which additional deductions are taken to arrive at the taxable income. Once the amount of taxable income has been det