Unit9GrantandLee2

1、Unit 9Grant and Lee: A Study in ContrastThe Author: Bruce Catton By NicoleDissuasion of American Civil War Time? And which year?vApril 19th - April 12th vTwo Governments?vThe Union (who lead? Ulysses S. Grant)v and the Confederate government v(who lead? Robert E. Lee)vReason?vResult?v The south was

2、defeated.v Slavery was abolished.v more creations were made.Dissuasion of American Civil WarvPolitics : power (The union and the Confederate)vEconomy: plantation & commercial and industrialvSlaves freedom (in the south)Movies about American Civil Warv1. 亂世佳人：Gone with windv2. 冷山：Cold Mountainv3. 一個(gè)國(guó)

3、家的誕生：The Birth of a Nationv4. 蓋茨堡之役: Battle of Gettysburg v5. 光榮戰(zhàn)役: Glory (1989) (Morgan Freeman)v6. 南北驚魂: The Blue and the Gray(格里高利，派克）v7. 與狼共舞：Dancing with wolvesv8. 紅河谷：Red Riverv9. 似是故人來 : Sommersby （Jacks story)v10. 小婦人：Little Women .(filmed in1933)v11. 斷鎖怒潮: Amistad (Morgan Freeman, 1997)Nove

4、ls about American Civil Warv飄: Gone with wind (瑪格麗特米切爾）v小婦人: Little Womenv12. 湯姆叔叔的小屋: Uncle Toms Cabin(哈里耶特比徹斯托夫人 )（about Miserable life of black people)v13. 殺手天使: The Killer Angels （ Michael Shaara ）v14. 戰(zhàn)地鐘聲：For Whom the Bell Tolls v (Hemmingway)v15. 紅色英勇勛章 ：The Red Badge of Courage, 1895 (史蒂文克萊恩

5、）v16. 強(qiáng)權(quán)的起點(diǎn)：vMy paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union (Abraham Lincoln).v“在這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)中我的首要目標(biāo)是挽救統(tǒng)一” （亞伯拉罕林肯）。More informationvGrant: shorter, younger, brown-haired; tattered and careless in his dress.vLee: taller, older, gray-haired, meticulous in his dress.7 states in the SouthSouth-Carol

6、inaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexas23 states in the UnionExpansion of Americav13 statesvLouisiana to North bought from France (1803)vFlorida from Spanish (5 million) (1819)vTexas and Oregon (from Mexican and Great Britain)vCalifornian, New Mexican (15 million) (1848)vAlaska (7.2 millio

7、n)(1867)vHawaii (the end of 19 c) via warsText AnalysisvHow many parts do you think the text consists of? What is the main idea of each part?PartsParas Main ideasOne 1-2The Appomattox meeting brought the Civil War to its virtual end.Two 3-12How Grant and Lee differed in background, sense of allegian

8、ce, etc.Three13-16What were the qualities they had in common.ComparisonvPoint by point patternvSubject by subject patternvCombination of the above twovWhat pattern does the author apply in the text?Text analysis: exercise threeMethodsSubject-by-subject comparisonDivision between similarities and dif

9、ferencesParasParas 4-6(about Lee)Paras 7-9(about Grant)Paras 10-12 (about differences)Paras 13-16 (about similarities)Part OnevPara. 1: Who?v Where?v What?v What effects?vPara. 2: Significance v Words and expressionsvWork outvSurrendervChaptervVirtualvFugitivevIn effectvpoignantvchapter:vA distinct

10、period or sequence of events, as in history or a persons life:v時(shí)期：如歷史上或個(gè)人生活上的一個(gè)重要時(shí)期或系列事件：vSteamboat travel opened a new chapter in Americas exploration of the West.v汽船旅行為開發(fā)美國(guó)西部翻開了新篇章vI began a new chapter in life when I got my masers degree. vwrite outv1) To express or compose in writing:v寫出，作曲：以書面表

11、達(dá)或創(chuàng)作：vwrite out a request.v寫出一項(xiàng)要求v2) To write in full or expanded form:v完全寫出：寫出全稱或完整的形式：vAll abbreviations are to be written out.v所有的縮寫都要完整地寫出來vTranslation:vThey were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represent the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had

12、come into final collision.v 這兩位迥異的將軍都是強(qiáng)有力的人物，他們代表著兩股相互沖突的力量，那兩股力量通過他們最終發(fā)生碰撞。Language pointspart twovPara 4.vBack of Robert E. Lee was the notionvLee drew support from/was guided by the conceptvdominant:vadj.v支配的, 統(tǒng)治的; 占優(yōu)勢(shì)的v最有力的, 有權(quán)威的v超群出眾的, 顯著的v高于其它的v【生】顯性的; 優(yōu)勢(shì)的va dominant positionv統(tǒng)治地位va dominant p

13、erson in the teamv隊(duì)里最有權(quán)威的人va dominant buildingv高聳的建筑物vThe Soviet Union is the dominant nation of Eastern Europe.v蘇聯(lián)是東歐的主要國(guó)家。vthe dominantvbusinessmanv最有勢(shì)力的商人。vthe dominant gene.Para. 5vChivalryvKnighthood and English country squirevHave a pronounced inequalityvA leisure class, ownership of landvThe

14、chief source of wealth and influencev gain advantage for themselvesvThe solemn obligationsvBe privilegedvLeadershipvThe higher values- of thought, of conduct, of personal deportmentChivalry （for extensive readingvis polite, kind, and unselfish behavior, especially by men towards womenvChivalry, or t

15、he chivalric code, is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood. Chivalry arose from an idealized German custom. It developed first in the north of France among horse soldiers who served in Charlemagnes heavy cavalry(騎兵部隊(duì)）. v It was originally conceived of as an aristo

16、cratic warrior code the term derives from the French term chevalerie, meaning horse soldiery involving gallantry, individual training, and service to others. Over time its meaning has been refined to emphasise more ideals such as the knightly virtues of honour, courtly love, courtesy, and less marti

17、al aspects of the tradition.vThe Knights Code of Chivalry was a moral and honorable system that stated all knights should protect others who can not protect themselves, such as widows, children, and elders. All knights needed to have the strength and skills to fight wars in the Middle Ages; they not

18、 only had to be strong but they were also extremely disciplined and were expected to use their power to protect the weak and defenseless.vKnights vowed to be loyal, generous, and “of noble bearing”. Knights were required to tell the truth and respect the honour of women. Knights vowed to protect the

19、 weak and guard the honor of fellow knights. They were to obey those in authority, and to never refuse a challenge from an equal. Knights lived by honor and for glory. Knights were to fear God and maintain His Church. Knights always kept their faith and never turned their back on a foe. Knights desp

20、ised pecuniary 金錢的 reward. They persevered to the end in any enterprise begun.v - from Wikipediavembody: （L17)v1) To give a bodily form to; incarnate.v具體化：賦予以形體；使具有軀體v2) To represent in bodily or material form:v體現(xiàn)：以形體的或物質(zhì)的形式代表：v“As John Adams embodied the old style, Andrew Jackson embodied the new”

21、(Richard Hofstadter)v“正象約翰阿達(dá)姆斯體現(xiàn)了舊風(fēng)格，安德魯杰克遜體現(xiàn)了新風(fēng)格”(理查德霍夫施塔特)v3) To make part of a system or whole; incorporate:v收錄，包含加入：使成為系統(tǒng)或整體的一部分；并入：vlaws that embody a peoples values.v加入了人的價(jià)值的法律vdedicate: （L19)v1) To set apart for a deity or for religious purposes; consecrate.v奉獻(xiàn)：為祭神或宗教目的而奉獻(xiàn)；供奉v2) To set apart

22、for a special use:v為某一特殊用途而奉獻(xiàn)：vdedicated their money to scientific research.v把他們的錢用于科學(xué)研究v3) To commit (oneself) to a particular course of thought or action:v致力：承諾一特定的想法或承諾采用一特定的行動(dòng)：vdedicated ourselves to starting our own business.v我們開始經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的買賣vkey: （L23)v使準(zhǔn)備，使適應(yīng)vThe factory is keyed to the production

23、 of advanced weapons.vkey up 使緊張，使激動(dòng)vI was keyed up about the exam.vbring forth: （L24)vgive rise to: producevWhy didnt you bring forth your suggestion at the meeting yesterday? Lots of trees bring forth fruit.vDeportment (28) vn.v行為; 舉止; 態(tài)度舉動(dòng)vgentlemanly deportmentv紳士風(fēng)度vimproper deportmentv不適當(dāng)?shù)男袨镻ar

24、aphrase 1vThere should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence.vSociety is in need of a class of people who are not job-holders but land- owners, for their land may well help make society rich an

25、d powerful, so society should be in harmony with the land.vPara 6vHe has passed into legend (L 24) vHe had become a popular herowordsvJustifyvConfederacyvSanctify: approve of vE.g.: a law that sanctifies changes that have already occurred. v 認(rèn)可已發(fā)生變化的一項(xiàng)法律vPara 7vTannervThe Western frontiervThe eterna

26、l toughness and sinewy fibervOwed reverence and obeisance vself-reliantvSharp eye for the futurevTo a fault1. come up the hard wayvgot promotion in a difficult way.v2. the hard way: 極其艱難的vShe got the PHD the hard way. 3. obeisance: great respect for someone e.g.: While he was still young and strong,

27、 all paid obeisance to him. 他年輕力壯時(shí)所有人都對(duì)他畢恭畢敬。4. sinewy: showing strength or vigor5. to a faultvTo an excessive degree: 過度地：vgenerous to a fault 過度慷慨vDifficult sentence:vHe was one of a body of men who owned reverence and obeisance to no one, who were self-reliant to a fault, who cared hardly anythin

28、g for the past but who had a sharp eye for the future.v他不敬畏任何人，不順從任何人，過分講究自力更生，他不追懷往事，但能用敏銳的目光洞察未來。vParallelismPara. 8vPrecise opposite of vIn the great surgevSettle into groovesvDemocracyvForms and patterns meant nothingvNo man was born to anything, life was competition.vPara 8vdifficult sentence:

29、vBack of them, in the great surge that had taken people over the Alleghenies and into the opening Western country, there was a deep, implicit dissatisfaction with a past that had settled into grooves.v1. surge:v Vi v1)To move in a billowing or swelling manner in or as if in waves. v洶涌：象在波濤中顛簸或起伏地向前行

30、動(dòng)v2) To roll or be tossed about on waves, as a boat.v顛簸，起伏：象小船一樣地在波濤中顛簸或搖蕩v3)To move like advancing waves:v猛沖，蜂涌：象波濤一樣地洶涌前進(jìn)：vThe fans surged forward to see the movie star.v影迷們洶涌地沖奔去看那個(gè)影星vThe crowd surged out of the stadium.vn1)A heavy, billowing, or swelling motion like that of great waves.v洶涌：象巨浪中那

31、樣地顛簸或起伏的激烈動(dòng)作vThe sea was rolling in immense surges.vAt the end of the game, there was a surge of fans onto the field.v2)Wave motion with low height and a shorter period than a swell.v波濤：低的波浪行動(dòng)，時(shí)間短于巨浪vA tidal surge caused severe flooding in the coastal areas.v3)A sudden onrush:v突然來臨的急流：va surge of jo

32、y. 喜從天降vA surge of anger rushed over him. 他勃然大怒v2. groove:(1) a deep line cut into a surface溝；槽；轍v(2) a settled routine that is hard to escape. 習(xí)慣，常規(guī)vWe never do anything exciting any more- we seem to be stuck in a groove.vThings just go along in the same old groove.vTheyre happy to stay in the same

33、 old groove. 他們樂于墨守成規(guī)。 Paraphrase 2: vNo man was born anything, except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. Life was competition. v Nobody was born into this world with any rights or privileges; what he might do is to fully utilize every single opportunity within his reach and strive t

34、o achieve success. Para. 9vHis connection with his community vA deep sense of belonging to a national communityvFrom Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down MexicovHe saw his fate in terms of the nations own destinyvPara 9vprosper:To be fortunate or successful, especially in terms of ones finan

35、ces; thrive.v繁盛，成功：幸運(yùn)或成功的，尤對(duì)某人財(cái)富而言；繁盛vChina is prospering with each passing day.v中國(guó)正在蒸蒸日上。 Para 9 He had, in other words, an acute dollars-and-cents stake in the continued growth and development of his country. An acute dollars-and-cents stake: a great investment in terms of wealth. The sentence mea

36、ns: His financial success was closely related to the development of his country.Para. 10summary of LeevThe Virginia aristocratvIn relation to his own regionvA static society/ not endure changevLoyalty localityPara. 11summary of GrantvFight for the broader concept of societyvGrowth, expansion and a c

37、onstantly widening horizonvSurvive or fall with the nationvNot stand by unmovedvCombat it with everything he hadvTo cut the ground out from under his feetv. tenacity:vThe state or quality of being堅(jiān)韌, 固執(zhí)：vadhere to the principle with an unremitting tenacityv百折不撓地堅(jiān)持原則vtenacity of purpose 不屈不撓的志愿vTenac

38、ious: determined and not giving upv(1) She is very tenacious and will work hard and long to achieve objectives. v她是個(gè)鍥而不舍的人，為了達(dá)到目標(biāo)愿意長(zhǎng)期苦干。v(2) He is regarded at the BBC as a tenacious and persistent interviewer. v在英國(guó)廣播公司，他被看成一個(gè)不屈不撓、堅(jiān)定執(zhí)著的采訪者。Para. 12summary of contrast between the twovTwo diametrically

39、 opposed elementsvGrant: modern, ready to come on the stage, the age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitalityvLee: the old age of chivalry, lance (long spear長(zhǎng)矛；蕾絲) in hand, silken banner fluttering over his headvSummary: the perfect champion, strengths and weaknes

40、svPara 12v1. Vitalityv1) The capacity to live, grow, or develop:v生命力：生存、生長(zhǎng)或發(fā)展的能力：vplants that lost their vitality when badly pruned.v被修剪壞后喪失生命力的植物2)Physical or intellectual vigor; energy.生機(jī)，活力：身體或智力的活力；vA man of vitalityv3)Power to survive: 生存力：vthe vitality of an old tradition. 舊傳統(tǒng)的生存力economic vita

41、lity 經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍vinferior vitality 低生活力 2. fluttervmoves up and down or from side to side with a lot of quick, light movements. 顫動(dòng);飄動(dòng);揮動(dòng)v(1) Her chiffon skirt was fluttering in the night breeze. 她的雪紡裙在晚風(fēng)中飄動(dòng)著。v(2) .a butterfly fluttering its wings. v 揮動(dòng)著翅膀的蝴蝶v(3) .the fluttering white lace handkerchief. 飄動(dòng)的

42、白色蕾絲手絹Part 3vTransitional para.vSimilarities: marvelous fighters, fighting qualities was really very much alike (1) utter tenacity, fidelity: detail? (2) Indomitable quality: detail? (3) Daring and resourceful: detail? (4) Think fast: detail? (5) Turn war into peace: detail?Words and expressionsvund

43、erlyingvHung onvIndomitablevManassasvChancellorsvillevVicksburgvReconciliationLanguage pointsv1. Underlying;v1) Lying under or beneath something:v位于某物之下的：vunderlying strata.v下層v2)Basic; fundamental.v基礎(chǔ)的；基本的v3)Present but not obvious; implicit:v出現(xiàn)但不明顯的；隱含的：van underlying meaning.v潛在的意義vPara 14v2. Ind

44、omitable adj. never giving up or admitting that sb. has been defeated. 不屈不撓的; 不能征服的; 大無畏的; 不氣餒的van indomitable will 百折不回的毅力vindomitable courage不屈不撓的勇氣vHe was utterly indomitable. 他毫不氣餒。v.the indomitable spirit of the Polish people. 波蘭人民不屈不撓的精神vSynonym: Unyielding, unbeatable, impregnable, unruly ,un

45、conquerable, invincible vPara 15 v3. ManassasvAn independent city of northeast Virginia, west of Alexandria. The Civil War Battles of Bull Run (called the Battles of Manassas by the Confederates) were fought nearby in July 1861 and August 1862. v馬納薩斯：美國(guó)弗吉尼亞州東北部一座獨(dú)立城市，位于亞歷山德里拉的西面。1861年7月和1862年8月，此城附近

46、發(fā)生了美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中的布爾朗戰(zhàn)役（南方諸邦稱為馬納薩斯戰(zhàn)役）。v4. ChancellorsvillevA former town of northeast Virginia west of Fredericksburg. It was the site of a major Civil War battle (May 2-4, 1863) in which the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces commanded by Joseph Hooker. Stonewall Jackson was mortally

47、 wounded in the battle.v錢瑟勒斯維爾：弗吉尼亞州東北部的一個(gè)舊城鎮(zhèn)，位于弗雷德里克斯堡以西。 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)的一次重大戰(zhàn)役在此展開（1863年5月2-4日）。羅伯特李率領(lǐng)的南部盟軍擊敗了約瑟夫胡克指揮的聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)。斯通沃爾杰克遜在戰(zhàn)斗中受了致命傷.v5. VicksburgvA city of western Mississippi on bluffs or cliffs above the Mississippi River west of Jackson. During the Civil War it was besieged from 1862 to 1863 and f

48、inally captured by troops led by Ulysses S. Grant on July 4, 1863. v維克斯堡：美國(guó)密西西比州西部的一座城市，位于杰克遜西部密西西比河岸峭壁上。在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中，從1862到1863年間它被圍困，在1863年7月4日被尤利西斯S格蘭特領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)。7 states in the SouthSouth-CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexas23 states in the UnionvPara 16vdifficult sentence:No part of ei

49、ther mans life became him more than the part he played in their brief meeting in the McLean house at Appomatox.vThey were born for the role they played in the historic meeting in the McLean house at Appomatox.v兩人的生活中再?zèng)]有比在阿珀馬特科斯馬克萊恩住宅里的簡(jiǎn)會(huì)晤中所起的作用更能體現(xiàn)其個(gè)性了。PartsParas Main ideasOne 1-2The Appomattox meet

50、ing brought the Civil War to its virtual end.Two 3-12How Grant and Lee differed in background, sense of allegiance, etc.Three13-16What were the qualities they had in common.Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee DifferencessimilaritiesNotion SpritlifeTowards societyLeeAristocratic, inequalityChivalry St

51、aticknighthoodStaticLoyaltylocalityTenacity, fidelityIndomitable qualityDaring and resourcefulThink fastTurn war into peaceGrant democracyTough sincerity and sinewy fiberSelf-reliantA constantly widening horizonsGettysburg Address v(Delivered on the 19th Day of November, 1863 Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania )v Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty