現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的講解和練習(xí)

1、1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的講解和練習(xí)對(duì)所學(xué)時(shí)態(tài)的回顧，引入現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通過數(shù)軸來概括講解所學(xué)的四個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)。（導(dǎo)入）有時(shí)候，這 4 種時(shí)態(tài)還不能滿足我們表達(dá)的需要。比如：表示“某人過去曾經(jīng)做過 某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五種時(shí)態(tài)就派不上用場(chǎng)了。這時(shí)，我們可以用一種新 的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。同樣也用數(shù)軸來表示一下。taughtwill taach一過去時(shí)T&倚來時(shí)is teaching （正在發(fā)生）nowFfll 在進(jìn)釘時(shí)past two yrai5 （ has taught）Twovetsrs ao現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)口如一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語+ have

2、/has +過去分詞(過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與 動(dòng)詞過去式相同；不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要特殊記憶。-略)Exercisesl選擇填空()1.1_ En ghish in this school si nee 1999(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )2.Lilei_ the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought( )3.Kate _ her grand mothers photo before(A)have nt see n (B)hav

3、e see n (C)see(D)has nt see n()4. _Mary_you these days.(A)Has,see n(B)Do,see (C)Did,see(D)Is,seei ng()5.so far ,we _thousands of Buildingin Quanzhou(A)build (B)have build (C)build (D)will build二、否定式：主語 + haven t/hasn t +過去分詞。疑問式：Have /Has + 主語+過去分詞？簡(jiǎn)略答語：Yes,主語 + have/has.(肯定)No,主語 + haven t/hasn t.(

4、否定)Exercises2選擇填空()1. Have you fini shed your work? _(A).Yes,I have. (B)Yes,I do. (C)Yes,I am. (D)Yes,I did.()2. Has she ever learned English?_(A)Yes, she has. (B)Yes, she does. (C)No, she doesn t (D)No, she has()3.He _ finishedhis homework. yet2(A)doesn t (B)haven t(C)hasn t(D)doesn t have三 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含

5、義之一表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果， 常與 never/ever ，just ， already/yet ， before 。 so far 等連用。這些標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義 以 already, just 和 yet為標(biāo)志 already, just 和 yet 表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、 剛剛 或還沒有發(fā)生 。He has already got her help.He has just seen the film. He hasn t come back yet 。以 ever 和 never 為標(biāo)志ever 和 never 表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來

6、沒有發(fā)生過。This is the best film I have ever seen.He has never been to Beijing. 以 動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù) 為標(biāo)志 若某一動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次 ,則要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far 為標(biāo)志so far 往往表示到目前為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。He has got to Beijing so far.She has passed the examso far.(5)never/ever, just, already/yet, before

7、。so far 的用法.1already 意為“已經(jīng)” ，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以 放在句末。實(shí)例：1)Ive already read this book. 我已經(jīng)讀過這本書了。(“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書中的內(nèi)容” 。)2)rve washed my clothes already .我已經(jīng)洗了衣服。(洗衣服的動(dòng)作已完成，其結(jié)果是“衣服冼干凈了” 。) 注意：在表示吃驚或明知故問等感情色彩時(shí)，already 也可用于(口語)疑問句中。實(shí)例：3)Have you met him already ？你(真的)已經(jīng)見過他了？2.yet 用

8、在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)” ，用在否定句中意為“還” ，常放在句末。實(shí)例：1) Has he found his watch yet ？他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎？No , not yet .不，還沒有。2) The woman hasnt found her dog yet .那位婦女還沒有找到她的狗。 (沒找到狗，心里著急，這就是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響)3.just 意為“剛剛” ，表示行為剛剛過去，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例：He has just come back from school .他剛從學(xué)?；貋?。4.ever 意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例：1)Ha

9、ve you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去過香港嗎？2)I have nt ever spoken to her .我未曾和她說過話。5.never 意為“從來沒有”常與 before 連用(before 要放在句尾，而 never 多放在助動(dòng)詞與3過去分詞之間。實(shí)例:I have never travelled by plane before .我以前從來沒有乘飛機(jī)旅行過。6. before 意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 實(shí)例:1) Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去過海南嗎?2) I h

10、ave nt eate n Gua ngdo ng food before .我以前沒吃過廣東菜。Exercises3選擇填空()1. Have you _travelled on the train. Yes, I have.()5. Have you finished your homework _ ? Yes, Ive done that_(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never(D)still, just( )6.Joh ns father_ borrowed some pictures(A)have already(B)has ju

11、st (C)have ever(D)has yet四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義之二表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for, since.how Iong, these days 等連用。Since+過去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間（since 短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今, 點(diǎn)）Mr. Smith has worked here si nce 1984.He s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.for+ 一段時(shí)間（數(shù)詞+量詞），（for 短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，for 的賓語為時(shí)間段）劃線部分用 how long

12、提問。We have known each other for twenty years. I haven t seen her for a long time.Exercises4 A ) 用 since 和 for 填空1. He has lived in Nanji ng_the year before last.2.1 ve known himwe were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japa nese_ three years.4. She has bee n away from the city_about ten years.5. I

13、t s about ten years_she left the city.C)選擇填空(A)n ever(B)ever(C)just)2.- Have you fini shedyour homework(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just)3. We have nt fini shed our homework_ .(A)already (B)ever)4. Have you_ learned(A)n ever, ever (B)ever, n ever(C)yetEn glish? Yes, Ive(C)ever, already(D)yetNot(D)never

14、lear ned alot.(D)already. eversince之后的1)_two years4)_ 19997)_ 4 hours10)_lunch timeB )用 since 和 for 填空2)_ two years ago5)_ yesterday8)_an hour ago 9)_11)_she left here3)_ last month6)_ 4 o clockwe were childre n4()1.Ive been like this ever snice_(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the l

15、ast week5六、句式：It s +段時(shí)間+ since 從句(用一般過去時(shí))()1.It s ten years since she.(A)has left(B)has bee n away(C)left(D)leave()2. It s three years since hethe army .(A)has joined(B)has bee n in(C)join(D)joi ned七、have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法have(has) been in 表示在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，女口： since,f

16、or,how long 等。例如：Mr. Brow n has bee n in Shan ghai for three days.此外還有這些搭配：have bee n here (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave bee n here (there) / abroadhave(has)been to 表示曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never 等連用，I have just bee n to the post office.Mary has n ever bee n to the Great Wall.H

17、ave you ever bee n to Han gzhou? have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。：I have been to Beijing three times.。They have bee n to that village several times.have(has) gone to 意為到某地去了” ，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話 時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。()2.My mother has worked inthis factory2 years.(A)about(B)for(C)in(D)si

18、nee()3. I have ntheard from himlast week.(A)s ince (B) for(C)ago (D)before)4.His father joinedthe party_(A)for three years(B)s ince three years ago()5.He moved here in1999,a nd he hasbee n here(A)at that time(B)for five years ago(C)s ince four years(D)for four yearsabout five days ago.(C)s ince(D)fo

19、rsin ce+從句(一般過去時(shí))( )1.she_ En glish in(A)hastaught,come(C)hastaught,hasourschooleversinceshe_here(B)taught ,came(A)has lived, has bee n(B)has lived, was(C)lived, has bee n(D)lived, was(C)three years ago(D)i n two years time()6.Tom has bee n away from home_(A)(B)in五、句式：主句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))+6-Where is Tom?-He ha

20、s gone to the bookshop.。7Exercises7A ) 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where_Li Fei_ ?B: He_to Hai nan Isla nd.A: How long_ he_ there?B: He_there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Isla nd?B:

21、 Sorry, I_ n ever_there.A: How many times_ Li Fei_ to that place?B: He_there only once.B)用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 的各種形式填空。1)Where is Jack? He_ his country.2)David_the park just now.3)Joh n_ En gla nd since he came back.4)How long_ have_this village?5)The Smiths_Beiji ng for years.6)_you e

22、ver_ America?- Yes, I_there many times.7)I_ this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim? He_the farm.C)選擇填空( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before ,_ he?(A)is nt(B)was nt(C)has nt(D)does nt()2.Shes n ever bee n to En gla nd, _ she?(A)has(B)has nt(C)is nt(D)is九、How long 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)()1.-_ have you bee

23、n here? - Since last year(A)How far (B)How long(C)How ofte n(D)How soon)1.Mrs whites isnt here, she(A)has bee n to , went(C)we nt to, has gone)2.She has_to(A)go ne)3.where_(A)have, been )4.Mr Green(A)has gone )5.Mr smith (A)hasbee n(B) got yourfatherLondon, she_ there many times(B)has gone to , has

24、bee n(D)has bee n to , has goneBeiji ng twice .(C)been (D)come, Li Lei? To)6.They _Chi na(A)havebee n to(C)have gone to八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的反意疑問句【(B)has, been(C)have, goneisnt in the office , He_ to(B)we nt(C)has bee nto Tokyo and he will I(B)has visitedforBeiji ng(D)has, gone)the library(D)will gobe back in a w

25、eek(C)has sent (D)has gone twoyears(B)have bee n in(D)have come tohave (n t)/has (n t)+代詞】8()2._ has Hanmei bee n in the library.9(A)How long (B)How soo n(C)How far(D)How often( )3.How long_he_ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has, kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy 十、短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或

26、狀態(tài)。since +過去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句（從句用一般過去時(shí)）so far (到目前為止)等時(shí)間狀語連用。(肯定句，疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)1)他入團(tuán)兩年了。誤： He has joined the League for two years .正： He has been a League member for two years.2) 我買這輛自行車三年了。誤：I have bought this bike for three years .正: I have had this bike for three years .Exercises10A )按要求把短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1ar

27、rive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.Tbe in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He_Beiji ng for_ .2)I moved to the USA last year.I_ the USA si nee_ .3)I went home yesterday.I_ home for_ .4)They came here last week.They_here since_ .2co

28、me/go back, returnTbe backcome/go outTbe out1)He came out two years ago.He_for_.2)We retur n to Fuzhou yesterday.We_ to Fuzhou si nee_.3becomeTbe1)I became a teacher in 2000.I_ _ a teacher for_.2)The river became dirty last year.The river_dirty for_ .4closeTbe closed openTbe open1)The shop closed tw

29、o hours ago.The shop_ for_.2)The door ope ned at six in the morning.The door_for six hours.5get upTbe up dieTbe dead此時(shí)常與for +段時(shí)間用或,over these years, in the past years,以及10leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/endbe over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ si

30、nce _ _ .2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _ .6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.6start/begin to do sth.do s

31、th.beginbe on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _ .7borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _ .2)I bought a pen

32、 two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _ .3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _ .4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _ .8have/has gone tohave been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.9join the league/the Party/the armyTbe a league/a Party member/a

33、 soldierTbe a member of the league/the Partytbe in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _ .My brother _ _ in _ _ fo

34、r two years.11C）選擇填空()1. How long can I_this book? Two weeks(A)borrow (B)keep(C)le nd(D)return（A）left （B）been away （C）been（D）away、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。試比較:The pla ne has arrived .飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）When 常與一般過去時(shí)連用，How long 常與與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用Whe n d