漢語言文學畢業(yè)論文林黛玉的文人情愫

1、寧夏大學高等教育自學考試 畢 業(yè) 論 文             題 目 ：林黛玉的文人情愫姓 名 ：韓慧娥專 業(yè) ：漢語言文學準考證號 ：070108400032指導教師 ：楊立瓊   摘要：林黛玉是紅樓夢中最璀璨奪目的女性形象，在她身上閃耀著曹雪芹理想與智慧的強勁光芒。她孤傲、脫俗、憂郁、傷感的鮮活個性與卓爾不群的詩作，使她成為文學史上所有女性形象中最獨特的一個。她體現(xiàn)著中國文人豐富、深沉的文化底蘊和審美價值追求，凝聚著傳統(tǒng)文化的精

2、髓?！霸娀辍弊菲湟簧牧主煊褚彩遣苎┣巯壬松妥晕也湃A展示的大舞臺。關鍵詞：詩化 林黛玉 文人 氣質        林黛玉的文人情愫摘要：林黛玉是紅樓夢中最璀璨奪目的女性形象，在她身上閃耀著曹雪芹理想與智慧的強勁光芒。她孤傲、脫俗、憂郁、傷感的鮮活個性與卓爾不群的詩作，使她成為文學史上所有女性形象中最獨特的一個。她體現(xiàn)著中國文人豐富、深沉的文化底蘊和審美價值追求，凝聚著傳統(tǒng)文化的精髓。“詩魂”追其一生的林黛玉也是曹雪芹先生人生和自我才華展示的大舞臺。關鍵詞：詩化 林黛玉 文人 氣質 紅樓夢中各個女孩都精

3、華靈秀、獨具魅力。有嫵媚豐美、精悍大度的寶釵；有美麗靈秀、文采精華的探春；也有風流嬌艷、天真率直的湘云。然而，她們的美都是能夠說出來的，是可以用言語來表達，黛玉的美卻遠非俗人能體悟。我個人認為：她是清秀靈幻的，她是清高孤傲的，她是憂郁傷感的，她是在用詩意的心靈和文人的氣質在生活。一、外表下的文人氣息從整部紅樓夢來看，林黛玉天生就該是一個浪漫的文人。無論是從她迷離夢幻的身世、滲透著貴族情調的教養(yǎng)來看，還是從她“捧心西子”、“顰顰弱柳”的身姿來看，她無疑都具有一種清秀靈幻的文人特點。眾所周知，林黛玉的前世為離恨天西方靈河邊三生石上一株仙草，名為“絳珠”。日見枯萎之時，得神瑛侍者灌溉，集天地靈氣而修

4、成了人體。因為這種機緣，這顆仙草的本身帶有的神性，所以它托身的林黛玉身上便具有了一種神性，一種超凡脫俗、得天地精華的清秀非凡之美。正是這種神話般的身世使林黛玉成為文學上不斷被研究的焦點人物，也使她的形象更加具體。同時，林黛玉身上流露出的“清秀靈幻”的神性美也是歷代文人騷客不自覺地，卻又主動賦予才子佳人的美好形象。林黛玉是賈敏和 林如海的獨生女，先祖曾世襲列侯，父親是前科探花，欽點的巡鹽御史，母親又是賈母所鐘愛的小女兒。因而黛玉的出身可謂是：既有“鐘鳴鼎食之家”的尊貴，又兼具“書香士族”的高雅。林如海只有黛玉一個孩子，便將她“假充養(yǎng)子”（第二回），任其讀書識字，與詩書為伴。這段時間可以說是林黛玉

5、一生中最愜意的日子，她過著比較嬌慣又不受拘束的童年生活，也接受著最為人性化的知識?？上Ш镁安婚L，黛玉五歲的時候，父母相繼離世，她便來到了“花柳繁華”的榮國府，她的受教育生涯也就提早結束了。我們應該慶幸：慶幸這個清貴的家族沒有來得及對她進行更多的階級教養(yǎng)，也沒來得及把那個社會給女人所規(guī)定的一切帶給她以更深刻的感受?？梢哉f，是林黛玉的出身及她幼年所受的文化教育決定了她文人氣質的形成。初見黛玉，我們便可以從第三回的兩段描寫中看出這位詩人的天資氣質。首先，眾人眼中之黛玉是“有一般天然的風流態(tài)度”（第三回），鳳姐一見就驚道：“天下竟有這般標致人兒”。寶玉眼里這位“神仙似的妹妹”則別有一種風范和神韻：兩彎

6、似蹙非蹙籠煙眉，一雙似喜非喜含情目。這是曹雪芹在把中華民族的審美積淀進行選擇之后，使她擁有了“捧心西子”的絕世姿容。對林黛玉的這種略形描寫，使她更顯得超塵脫俗。例如，寫眼睛是籠煙眉、含情目，“煙”與“水”本來就是無形的，用兩縷青煙來比喻林黛玉的眉，頗有山在虛無縹緲間之感，更顯得虛無空靈。實際上書中很多處都曾營造出這種氛圍，香冢邊葬花的倩影、花叢中哭泣的嬌聲······這許多亦詩亦畫的場景、共同完成著林黛玉的文人形象。二、“竹”“水”與林黛玉的文化融合我們知道，大觀園中林黛玉是住在瀟湘館的。一進院子，“有千百竿翠竹遮映”“后院墻下忽開一

7、隙，得泉一派，開溝僅尺許，灌入墻內(nèi)，繞階緣屋，至前院，盤旋竹下而出?！保ǖ谑呋兀﹦e的且不說，作者寫竹就是很有意思的?！爸瘛痹谥袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)文化里一直都是高雅、正直的隱者的象征。蘇東坡就曾說過“寧可食無肉，不可居無竹”?？梢姟爸瘛北恢袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)文人是如何的青睞？而曹雪芹將“竹”這一意象賜予黛玉，可以說是他在把古代文人所欽佩的“竹”所代表的種種意象植在了林黛玉身上。林黛玉因愛那幾竿竹子，住進了瀟湘館，“竹”便成了林黛玉的化身：翠竹“竿竿青欲滴”，它隨風飄蕩的修長苗條的身姿，像黛玉纖巧婀娜的身段和弱柳扶風的步態(tài)；竹不和群芳為伍，永遠清秀質樸的氣性，同黛玉不事濃妝艷抹、清高孤傲的性格極為契合；“斑竹一枝千滴淚

8、”又映襯著瀟湘妃子這個雅號和黛玉以淚洗面的命運。竹是黛玉，黛玉是竹。那么，除了林黛玉，又有誰配得上瀟湘館這個地方呢？當然，我們也該注意到，瀟湘館不僅有竹還有水。這股泉水是從墻外流進來的，又小又窄又淺，它繞著瀟湘館的臺階、屋宇流過，最后順著竹林流出?！八痹谥袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)文化當中，特別是紅樓夢里，是代表著少女的。寶玉就常說“女兒是水做的骨肉”，因而，這里寫到水就很容易理解了。泉水繞著瀟湘館流淌是把林黛玉比作這些少女中的杰出代表；水又小又窄又淺，意味著林黛玉生命力的脆弱；水順竹林而流出，就是在說林黛玉像竹和水一樣寧折不彎，剛正高潔的人品了。正如黛玉面對污濁塵世發(fā)出的宣言一樣：質本潔來還潔去，不叫污淖陷溝

9、渠。每日在瀟湘館的竹和水之間生活著的林黛玉，渴望保存本性中至純至真的一面，過著竹林七賢曾享受過的隱士生活。所以說，瀟湘館的竹與水不單單是象征了林黛玉的高潔品性，也讓我們了解到林黛玉對魏晉時形成的隱逸文化的偏愛。三、憂郁的性格與詩才的展示紅樓夢中各個女孩幾乎都會吟詩作對，而憂郁感傷的林黛玉無疑是這些女孩當中最具有詩人氣質的。林黛玉的性格之所以多愁善感、憂郁自卑是有原因的。她幼時便父母雙亡，客居賈府的歲月里她始終克服不了“外人”的心結，生活和愛情上的不順使她認識到自己是處于那個階級社會的劣勢地位，這種劣勢感和小心翼翼的生活都在她幼小的心靈埋下了孤獨、憂郁、自卑的種子。而另一個更重要的原因是她先天體

10、弱?！罢埩硕嗌倜t(yī)修方配藥皆不見效”（第三回），十幾歲的少女竟是個“美人燈”，風吹吹就壞了。多病與多愁是相伴而行的，身體上的病痛加重了林黛玉精神上的負擔，再加上與生俱來的聰穎使林黛玉對外界事物有著更特殊的感悟力。這種感悟力使她創(chuàng)作出了更多更優(yōu)秀的作品，并且讓她能夠將自己的靈魂融進客觀事物，再表達出來。如白海棠詩中“嬌羞默默同誰訴”（第三十七回）。這一句既是對海棠神態(tài)的描摹，也是林黛玉自我心靈的獨白。又如第二十七回，黛玉因前一日誤會寶玉不理她，心中便感到無限委屈，又見落花遍地，便躲在埋香冢葬花，吟出了“花開易見落難尋，階前愁殺葬花人”的詩句，而對于自己在賈府的處境則是“一年三百六十日，風刀霜劍嚴

11、相逼”。整首葬花詞都是她多愁善感性格的產(chǎn)物。是林黛玉用落花自況，血淚作墨，對進入賈府以后的生活感受和苦痛命運的真實寫照?？梢哉f，林黛玉是一首靈性的詩，她生命形態(tài)的一部分就是詩詞。她率性而為，從不讓“理”壓抑“情”，一任詩才自由流露。正如林黛玉切身體驗：無賴詩魔侵昏曉，詩詞日夜都伴隨著她。第二十七回的葬花吟、第四十五回的秋窗風雨夕、第六十四回的五美吟、第七十回的桃花行等，都是林黛玉在展示她的詩才。另外，在大觀園組建的詩社活動中，黛玉的詩質量最高數(shù)量也最多。其中，杏簾在望被元春贊為最佳，葬花吟更是名句不斷。詩，對于林黛玉是不可一日無的。她用詩發(fā)泄痛苦，用詩書寫快樂，用詩表示抗議。詩也表現(xiàn)了她冰清玉

12、潔的節(jié)操和剛直不阿的人格，使她具有了一種迷人的藝術光輝！林黛玉不僅是用詩為自己的心緒和思愁展開了揮灑的天地，更為香菱開了門，讓她進入一個俗人不能干涉的世界。第四十八回講到香菱要學詩時，寶釵譏她“得隴望蜀”，很不耐煩，香菱去請教黛玉，黛玉卻熱忱認真地給她講詩的作法和要求：主張學詩要學最上乘的，讓她先從王維的五律、杜甫的七律和李白的七絕入手，“肚子里先有了三個人做底子······然后再把陶淵明、應、阮、劉、鮑等人的詩一看”。并且還把自己的藏書借給香菱看，認真地批改香菱的習作。由此可見，林黛玉對詩的喜愛都到了愛屋及烏的地步，因詩而對香菱都較

13、為喜愛了。她不僅會作詩，而且會講詩，真可謂詩才橫溢。正如蔣和森所論：“你是眼淚的化身，鄉(xiāng)愁的別名”。林黛玉憂郁感傷性格的一個重要表現(xiàn)就是哭泣，愛流眼淚?！安恢L雨幾時休，已教淚灑窗紗濕”（第四十五回）。這就是黛玉，在現(xiàn)實中流淚，在詩中也哭泣?？奘撬龑ι钫勰サ膹娏曳磻?；是她發(fā)泄痛苦的方式，也是她文人氣質的種種感受的抒發(fā)。綜觀中國文學史，文人的愁苦憂傷伴隨著漫長的歷史歲月。曹雪芹讓林黛玉哭泣，就是在用她的生命悲劇來詮釋古代知識分子的悲慘命運。屈原、宋玉和司馬遷等，又有哪一個不是在哭泣與窮愁中成就的？因而憂郁感傷被認為是符合中國文人傳統(tǒng)的氣質，林黛玉便成了具有古典人文性格的知識分子的藝術化身?？偠?/p>

14、言之，曹雪芹在林黛玉身上是傾注了所有愛心的。從她祖上的遺傳基因到她后天的教育，住處的陳設裝飾以及她憂郁感傷的性格等，林黛玉無疑是一個知識型的、文采風流的大家閨秀。在塑造林黛玉這一形象時，曹雪芹對其注入了深深的文人情愫，甚至寄托了許多自己的人文理想，使她代表了當時知識分子的情感，賦予她以靈性、美貌和質本潔來還潔去的氣質。從本質上講，林黛玉孤高自傲和恣情感傷是中國古代文人執(zhí)著于內(nèi)心自覺的寫照。她這種“文人形象”的塑造也體現(xiàn)了曹雪芹對知識分子處境的思考和對包括自己在內(nèi)的文人命運的感傷。   注釋：李希凡：紅樓夢人物畫傳，第27頁，吉林人出民出版社王昆侖：紅樓夢人物論，第

15、85頁，團結出版社，。參考文獻：曹雪芹：紅樓夢，北京燕山出版社，2007年第一版。 蔣和森：紅樓夢論稿，人民文學出版社，2006年版。 李希凡：紅樓夢人物畫傳，吉林人出民出版社2002年版 王昆侖：紅樓夢人物論，團結出版社，2002年版g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if:· you don'

16、;t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you· your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you ha

17、ven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tri

18、bunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under

19、60;Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employmen

20、t tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a 

21、damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for  a damages-based agreement, you should make sure you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might b

22、e best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (la

23、ck of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I h

24、ave asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during

25、0;City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We fo

26、und no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind ha

27、s been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應該去做點什

28、么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junio

29、r high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice c

30、an be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年時，覺

31、得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition t

32、o resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學反應的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cow

33、ardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌

34、惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep frien

35、dship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing

36、 news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the

37、troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below,