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1、1Green Jobs: Safety & Health Outlook forWorkers and Small EmployersApril 1, 2010Sanji Kanth, Safety EngineerOffice of General Industry EnforcementDirectorate of Enforcement Programs信號旗http:/2Panel Members Don Ellenberger Environmental Hazard Training Director CPWR The Center for Construction Researc

2、h and Training Michele Myers Manager of Labor, Health and Safety Policy American Wind Energy Association Justin August, CIH Industrial Hygienist Covanta Energy Corporation3Session Overview OSHAs green job efforts and discuss workplace hazards associated with green jobs. Information on green processe

3、s and technologies that are incorporated into the construction, energy, and waste management and recycling industries. Opportunities and challenges posed by green jobs. Best practices and strategies for small businesses in reducing safety and health hazards associated with green jobs.4What are Green

4、 Jobs? No Widely Accepted Definition Jobs Related to Preserving or RestoringEnvironment or Natural Resources Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Seeking Comments on the Green Jobs Definition/2010/2010-5705.htm5Green Jobs Industry Categories Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency

5、 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Pollution Reduction and Cleanup Recycling and Waste Reduction Agricultural and Natural Resources Conservation Education, Compliance, Public Awareness, and Training6Renewable Energy Wind Solar Biomass/BioFuel Geothermal Tidal Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cells Other Renewable Source

6、s7 Falls Confined Spaces Fires Lockout/Tagout Medical and First Aid Crane, Derrick and Hoist Safety Electrical Machine Guarding Respiratory Protection, and Other Typical Workplace HazardsGreen Jobs Hazards8Picture Source: http:/ Falls Confined Spaces Lockout/Tagout Crane, Derrick and Hoist Safety El

7、ectrical Machine Guarding Other Typical Workplace HazardsWind Energy Hazards910Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing 11Sanding & Grinding12Source: /pictures/1054Wind Energy Hazards (contd.) Fire Hazards Medical and First Aid13Solar Panel Installation/Removal Hazards Fall Hazards E

8、lectrical Hazards Heat/Cold Stress Hazards Installing/Removing Photovoltaic Products containing Cadmium Telluride (carcinogen)Picture Source: /sites/default/files/OSEIA_Solar_Safety_12-06.pdf14Source: /programs/ohb/Pages/New.aspx#solarSolar Energy Accide

9、nts15/sites/default/files/OSEIA_Solar_Safety_12-06.pdf16Weatherization and Insulation Hazards Use of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Chemical Hazards - Isocyanates Confined Space Hazards Fall Hazards Fire Hazards Medical and First Aid Electrical Hazards17BioFuel Hazards Fire a

10、nd Explosion hazards Chemical Reactivity hazards Toxicity hazards Other HazardsPicture Source: http:/ Management and Recycling Collection Traffic Safety Ergonomics Lead Mercury Precious/Rare Metals Machine Guarding Lockout/Tagout Cardboard Baling 19GeoThermal Hazards Trenching Excavations Silica Ele

11、ctrical Welding and cutting Fall protectionPicture Source: /component/content/article/2988-us-government-surpasses-google-for-geothermal-fund20Green Roof HazardsPicture Source: /content/view/902/ Fall Protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Related Ha

12、zards Exposure to Silica dust Crane Derrick and Hoist Powered Industrial Trucks Electrical Heat/Cold Stress21Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hazards Fire and Explosion Hazards Electrical Hazards Other Typical Workplace Hazards22 OSHA Green Jobs Safety Web Page Greens Jobs Web Site OSHAPedia2324OSHA Green Jobs Sa

13、fety Web Page Industry specific hazards OSHA standards applicable to the hazards OSHA resources addressing the hazards Accident Information Other outside resources25Future Plans Monitor Injury/Illness trends Continuously Improve the Web Page on Green Jobs in providing necessary resources to employer

14、s and workers26“Green jobs are good jobs only when they are safe jobs.” - David Michaels, PhD, MPH December 16, 200927A View from under the Hard HatDon Ellenberger, Environmental Hazard Training DirectorApril 1, 2010Frances Perkins Building AuditoriumU.S. Department of LaborWashington, D.C.Green Job

15、s: Safety & Health Outlook for WorkersnInsulators & Asbestos WorkersnBoilermakersnBricklayersnCarpentersnPlasterers & Cement MasonsnElectrical WorkersnIronworkersnPainters & Allied TradesnPlumbers & Pipe FittersnRoofersnSheet Metal WorkersnElevator ConstructorsnLaborersnTeamstersnOperating Engineers

16、Number and percentage of construction establishments and employees,by establishment size, 2007 (Payroll establishments) Establishment size Number of % of all Total number % of all (number of employees) establishments establishments of employees employees 1 to 9 660,454 81.4% 1,711,260 23.5% 10 to 19

17、 78,957 9.7% 1,057,733 14.6% 20 to 99 63,309 7.8% 2,457,313 33.8% 100 to 499 8,176 1.0% 1,481,955 20.4% 500 or more 556 0.1% 559,622 7.7% Total 811,452 100.00% 7,267,833 100.00%Source: U.S. Census Bureau: County Business Patterns, 2007USGBC says occupants are healthier and more productive in LEED bu

18、ildingsBut what about the builders . . . ?Source: Gambatese / ENR.comrating systemThere is a tool in development to do thisDon Ellenberger CPWR301-578-55Safety and Health Outlook:Wind Energy April 1, 2010Michele MyersManager, Labor, Health and Safety PolicyAmerican Wind Energy AssociationAmerican Wi

19、nd Energy Association (AWEA) Founded in 1974More than 2,500 business members Wind project developers Transportation and construction companies Manufacturers from bolts to turbines More than 8,000 parts in a turbine www.AWEA.org provides extensive info on windAmerican Wind Energy AssociationTrade ass

20、ociation for the wind energy industryOver 2,500 business Develops policies and conducts analysis to support wind industry growth Executes wind industrys legislative agenda Promotes wind energy through advocacy, advertising and media relations Convenes conferences and workshops to

21、 educate the public and bring industry members togetherAn Age-Old Energy SourceEarly Days Cretan windmill (1464 AD mechanical water pumping) Dutch windmill (1500 mechanical water pumping, grain milling) U.S. farm windmill (1854 present mechanical water pumping)Early Days Brush Turbine (1888) First l

22、arge-scale unit (17-m rotor diameter) Small wind electric turbines (1890s Denmark, U.S., elsewhere) Sporadic experiments with turbines of 100 kW in U.K., Italy, Germany (1920s and 1930s)Early Days Smith-Putnam Turbine Grandpa Knob, Castleton, VT 175-foot rotor, 1.25-MW capacity Operated from late 19

23、41 to spring of 1945 Economic failure technological triumph Foundation footings still in placePost-1973 Oil Shock Federal Wind R&D Program Outgrowth of Eisenhower-era NSF program Sponsored procurements in range of sizes Boeing MOD-2 is icon (300-foot rotor, 3-MW capacity) Helped build technology and

24、 engineering basePost-1973 Oil Shock1978 Second oil shock leads to: Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) Requires utilities to buy electricity from renewable and cogeneration facilities Energy Tax Act of 1978 Creates 15% Energy Investment Tax Credit (EITC) Added to existing 10% ITC

25、 Limited Partnership Structure - Wind FarmsEarly Wind Farm Era First Wind Farm Crotched Mountain, NH, December 1980 (equipment failures, wind speed overestimated) California Wind Farms Altamont, Tehachapi, San Gorgonio passes, December 1981 Wind begins explosive growth, ended abruptly with sunset of

26、 EITC in December 1985Wind Turbines:Power for a House or CityBasic Supply ChainRaw Materials SuppliersComponent SuppliersMajor Component SuppliersTurbine ManufacturersTurbine Manufacturers create a ripple effect down the supply chain, creating even more jobs indirectly than at their facilities.Funda

27、mentals of Wind PowerRotorNacelleTowerTurbine subsystems include: A rotor, or blades, which convert the winds energy into rotational shaft energyA nacelle (enclosure) containing a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generatorA tower, to support the rotor and drive train; and electronic eq

28、uipment such as controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment. Inside a NacelleThis picture shows a Vestas 80-meter diameter, 2-MW wind turbine superimposed on a Boeing 747 jumbo jet80 m.59.6 m.How Big is a 2-MW Wind Turbine?Towers:TowersLaddersLiftsRotor:HubNo

29、se ConeBlades Composites Blade CorePitch MechanismsDrivesBrakesRotary UnionNacelle:Nacelle CoverNacelle BaseHeat exchangerControllersGeneratorPower ElectronicsLubricantsFiltrationInsulationGearboxPumpDrivetrainCeramicsShaftFoundation:RebarConcreteCasings Other:TransformersBolts/FastenersWirePaints a

30、nd CoatingsLightingLighting ProtectionSteel Working/MachiningCommunication DevicesControl and Condition Monitoring EquipmentElectrical Interface and Electrical ConnectionBatteriesBearingsBrakesThere are over 8,000 components in a turbine, including:2Turbine Components Hub Height: 60-100 meters (197-

31、328 feet) Rotor Diameter: 70-100 meters (230-328 feet) Total Weight of Turbine: 230 - 340 tonsWind Power TechnologySmall Wind Systems Range from 0.3 to 100 kW Installed in on- and off-grid applications Require 4 m/s (9 mph) average wind sitesLarge Wind Systems Range in size from 660 kW to 3.6 MW Pro

32、vide wholesale bulk power Require average wind speeds of 6 m/s (13 mph) One megawatt of wind generates about as much electricity as 225 to 300 households useU.S. Wind Resource MapCopyright 2008 3TIER, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For permission to reproduce or distribute: 20% Wind Energy by 2030 U.S. D

33、epartment of Energy: “The U.S. possesses sufficient and affordable wind resources to obtain at least 20% of its electricity from wind by the year 2030.”Job Projections Under 20% Report Over 500,000 total jobs would be supported by the wind industry In 2008, wind industry added 35,000 new jobsSource:

34、 U.S. DOE, 20% Wind Energy by 2030Wind Project Development46 states would have wind development by 2030 under the 20% VisionSource: U.S. DOE, 20% Wind Energy by 2030Domestically Manufactured Components2005200825% domestic components2,500 MW installed1,500 turbines installed50% domestic components8,5

35、00 MW installed5,300 turbines installedThere has been a dramatic shift towards domestic manufacturing for wind turbine components2008Current Manufacturing Capacity There are well over 120 manufacturing facilities for turbines and large components currently online in the U.S. U.S. manufacturers are p

36、roducing all the turbines components. In 2005, about 30% of turbine & major components were made in the U.S., but in 2008 domestically manufactured components in turbines accounted for about 50% by value.Turbine Manufacturers with a U.S. PresenceAcciona Clipper DeWind Gamesa GE Energy Siemens Suzlon

37、 VestasFuhrlander (Announced)Global Wind Systems (Announced)Nordex (Announced)Nordic (Announced)U.S. Manufacturing Locations Over 40 U.S. states host more than 160 wind-related manufacturing facilities Wind manufacturing is spread across the U.S. with major turbine manufacturers operating in varied

38、regions With the growth in the industry, many states have recently entered into the supply chain.4Primary States for ManufacturingStates with five or more major facilities (online or announced):CaliforniaColorado Iowa Illinois MichiganMinnesotaOhioPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaTexasTurbine Manufacturer

39、LocationsNordicFuhrlander(announced)SuzlonBlades onlyAcciona, ClipperGamesaGE EnergyGE Energy, Continental (announced)VestasDeWindNordex, EWT, Mitsubishi(all announced)Global Wind Systems (announced)Siemens(announced)New U.S. Manufacturing CapacityBetween 1Q 2007 and 4Q 2008 (24 months), there was s

40、ignificant growth in the industrys manufacturing capacity. 19 new facilities online 31 announced facilities 21 announced facility expansionsA total of 71 facilities have come on-line, been announced, or have expanded.32009 Highlights Nearly 10,000 MW installed in 2009 39% annual growth Total install

41、ations now above 35 GW Shattered all installation records thanks to the Recovery Act Turbine manufacturing is down compared to last years levels Need long-term policy certainty and market pull in order to grow manufacturing sector U.S. is World Leader in Wind PowerU.S. Wind Industry: 2009Second year

42、 in a row adding over 40% of US capacityWind MW InstalledTotal Installation in 4Q 2009:4,041 MWTotal Installation in 2009:9,922 MWTotal U.S. Installation through 4Q 2009:35,159 MWSource: American Wind Energy AssociationWind Power Installations by StateTop Ten States in 2009Source: American Wind Ener

43、gy AssociationTop 10 Largest Wind FarmsState by State Installations (MW)Source: American Wind Energy AssociationMarket Players Turbines Installed in 2009: Acciona WP, Clipper, DeWind, Fuhrlander, Gamesa, GE Energy, Mitsubishi, Nordex, REpower, Siemens, Suzlon & Vestas The project developer list cont

44、inues to diversify and change with new developers increasing their activity in 2009 and other developers decreasing market activity. Utility ownership of wind projects trending at similar rates of 2008, more community-owned projectsOther Half of the Market: Manufacturing The U.S. continues to add ne

45、w manufacturing facilities, but growth is down by a third: 38 online, announced or expanded manufacturing facilities in 2009, compared to 58 facilities in 2009. As new turbine orders continue to come in slowly, some manufacturing production is running at significantly decreased levels compared to 20

46、08 due to decreased demand and some excess supply. Establishment of a long-term, stable market is still the key to unleashing investment in manufacturing capabilities in the U.S. Countries are competing through policy for the wind industry, wind manufacturing and jobs!Major facilities online prior t

47、o 2008All new online in 2008 - 2009Announced facilities U.S. Wind Manufacturing Source: American Wind Energy Association; Updated Through 4Q20092008 Turbine StatisticsTurbine installed the most in the U.S. in 2008 was the 1.5-MW turbine. Average turbine capacity is 1.67 MWTurbine ComponentsTurbine R

48、angesOccupational Safety and Health = Core Value Improve Worker Safety and Health Support of Continuous Education and Training of Employers and Employees in the Wind Industry Work Cooperatively with Regulating Agencies to Ensure the Safety and Health for All Workers AWEA Safety and Health Committee

49、AWEA Safety and Health Committee Created 3 years ago Over 450 members participating 9 subcommittees and task forces 20-50 participants on each subcommittee Monthly conference calls Address the most pressing issues within the industryAWEA Safety and Health Committee Steering Committee Construction Sa

50、fety Subcommittee Manufacturing Safety Subcommittee O&M Safety Subcommittee Training and Education Subcommittee Offshore Safety Subcommittee Safety Survey Subcommittee Confined Space Task Force LOTO Task ForceSafety and Health Initiatives Education and Understanding the Intricacies of Development an

51、d the Sustainability of Wind Generation PlantsSafety and Health Initiatives Empowering Workers to be Engaged and Take Ownership in Worker Safety and Health ProgramsSafety and Health Initiatives Collect and Monitor Injury, Illness, and Fatality Data Leading Indicators Injuries, Illness, and Fatalitie

52、s What are the Causes Where are the Accidents Identify the High Hazard Areas Develop Solutions to Eliminate or Significantly Reduce HazardsIdentify High Risk HazardsFallsEmergency RescueConfined SpaceEnvironmental ConditionsTraining InitiativesCreate and Develop Appropriate Safety and Health Trainin

53、g Programs and Educational Materials for All Sectors of the Wind IndustryOSHA 10 Hour OSHA 30 HourSupervisorEmergency RescueConfined SpaceThank you!More information :Michele MyersManager, Labor, Health and Safety P | 202-383-2500 | /events109Waste Managemen

54、t and Recycling& Associated Workplace HazardsJustin August, CIHCovanta Energy CorporationLargest Energy-from-Waste (EfW) operator in the world Global presence; local relationships North America, Asia & Europe 4,000 employees45 EfW and 8 biomass to electric facilities Almost 10% of U.S. non-hydro ren

55、ewable electricity Over 6% of U.S post recycled waste disposal 400,000 tons of metal recycled each yearLee County EfW, Florida111 U.S. EPA states that Energy-from-Waste “produces electricity with less environmental impact than almost any other source” 25 States and the federal government defined EfW

56、 as renewable A new 2,000-3,000 ton/day facility 73 to 110 MW electricityHelps Solve Three of the Nations Biggest ChallengesClimate ChangeOne ton of trash reduces one ton of CO2 eqEnergy SecurityLocal renewable energy available 24/7 Creates JobsTypical facility creates 1,000 construction jobs (3+ ye

57、ars) Metal: 50 lbsPower: 500-750 kWhAsh: 10% of original volumeMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW): 1 tonEnergy-from-Waste is a specially designed energy generation facility that uses household waste as fuel and helps solve some of societys big challenges1151,600 ton per day facility$450 million constructio

58、n cost 3 years of activity300-500 direct construction jobs per year$31 million annual operating budget benefits local economy50 full time to operate facility High paid jobs averaging more than $60KState Income Tax and Host Community benefitsGoods and services purchased locallyCovanta - Industry Leader in VPP & EPA EPA Environmental Performance Track25 EPT Sites VPP - Top 7 of all Companies 39 VPP Star Sites VPP - Number of SGE/STM ParticipantsTo