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1、ReconstructionAndrew JohnsonUS GrantIdentification (4 Points)1.SharecroppersAnswer OneSharecroppers were people who farmed the owners land in return for a share of the crops harvested. This form of farming was not good for the recently freed slaves as it caused them to fall deeper into debt.Identifi

2、cation (4 Points)2.Tenant FarmingAnswer TwoTenant Farming was a system of farming where farmers rented the land from the owners. Tenant farming was bad for the blacks because they were never able to earn enough money to buy their own land.Identification (4 Points)3.Freedmans BureauAnswer ThreeFreedm

3、ans Bureau was a government agency that was set up during Reconstruction to help the newly freed slaves adjust to freedom. They helped blacks with issues such as food, housing and education.Identification (4 Points)4.Andrew JohnsonAnswer FourAndrew Johnson was Lincolns Vice President who wanted to f

4、ollow Lincolns plan for Reconstruction. He upset the Radical Republicans in Congress and was impeached in the house although not convicted by the Senate.Identification (4 Points)5.AmnestyAnswer FiveAmnesty was a pardon of all Southerners except a few high ranking Confederate officials offered by Lin

5、coln after the Civil War. Identification (4 Points)6.Pocket VetoAnswer SixCongress passed a law which would have put the South under Military Rule but Lincoln allowed the session of Congress to expire without signing it. This is an example of the use of a Pocket Veto by a president.Identification (4

6、 Points)7.Civil Rights Act (1866)Answer SevenCivil Rights Act (1866) was a law passed in 1866 which granted citizenship and protections from the Federal government to Blacks. This law was vetoed by Johnson but his veto was overridden.Identification (4 Points)8.Fourteenth AmendmentAnswer EightFourtee

7、nth Amendment allowed all citizens “equal protection under the law. It was passed because Congress feared that future Congresses might undo the Civil Rights Act of 1866.Identification (4 Points)9.MandateSenator Ben WadeLeader of the Radical RepublicansAnswer NineMandate is a command from the voters

8、to enact a particular policy or program. In the election 1866, the voters gave a mandate to the Radical Republicans to continue with their course of action regarding Reconstruction.Identification (4 Points)10.Radical RepublicansThad StevensLeader of the Radical RepublicansAnswer TenRadical Republica

9、ns wanted to have military rule in the former Confederacy. They hoped to make the newly freed slaves their allies and gain their votes, ensuring they would remain in control of Congress.Identification (4 Points)11.Impeach (Johnson)Answer ElevenImpeach (Johnson) Radical Republicans were upset with Jo

10、hnson for opposing their policies of Reconstruction. He was impeached by the house but acquitted by one vote in the Senate. He finished his term in office.Identification (4 Points)12.CarpetbaggerAnswer TwelveCarpetbaggers were supporters of the Union who were brought in from the North to rule the So

11、uth. They were hated by native Southerners and seen as oppressive.Identification (4 Points)13.U.S. GrantAnswer ThirteenU.S. Grant was elected President after Andrew Johnsons term was over. He kept military rule in the south in hopes that the Republicans could maintain control of Congress and the Pre

12、sidency.Identification (4 Points)14.SegregationAnswer FourteenSegregation is the policy of separating people on the basis of race. This practice was used in the North and South although it was made legal in the south through Jim Crow laws.Identification (4 Points)15.Ku Klux KlanAnswer FifteenKu Klux

13、 Klan was a secret society of whites in the south who resisted equal rights for blacks and opposed those whites who wanted to help the blacks make progress.Identification (4 Points)16.Fifteenth AmendmentAnswer SixteenFifteenth Amendment said that the right to vote could not be taken away based on ra

14、ce , color or previous condition of servitude. This amendment guaranteed the right of blacks to vote.Identification (4 Points)17.Tenure of Office ActSecretary of WarEdwin StantonAnswer SeventeenTenure of Office Act was a law passed by congress that said the President could not fire any of his appoin

15、tees who had been previously approved by congress. Johnson ignored this law saying it was unconstitutional and his defiance was one of the reasons for his impeachment.Short Answer One (Eight Points)Describe the opposing views on reconstruction offered by President Lincoln and the Radical Republicans

16、 and explain clearly why you think one approach would have been more effective than the other.President LincolnAnswerLincoln believed in showing forgiveness to the south after the war. The Radical Republicans believed that the south should be punished for its actions during the war.GIVE YOUR OPINION

17、 ON WHICH APPROACH WAS BETTER AND WHY.Short Answer Two (Eight Points)What were two drawbacks to tenant farming? Be specific and explain each one.Tenant FarmerAnswer1. Growth of cash crops such as tobacco and cotton were encouraged. This depleted the soil.2. Workers had to buy food and supplies on cr

18、edit from landowners. These purchases came at high interest rates and forced poor farmers deeper into debt.Short Answer Three (Eight Points)Describe the 5 clauses of the Compromise of 1877 which decided the election of 1876 between Sam Tilden and Rutherford HayesPresident Rutherford B. HayesAnswer1. Republicans keep the Presidency.2. Democrats get the Post of Postmaster General and control the patronage associated with