初中語(yǔ)法之形容詞和副詞

1、形容詞在句中的作用形容詞在句中的作用l形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞作定語(yǔ)，或用作表語(yǔ)The angry father shouted at his son. Tom was angry with his father. l形容詞用于連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ) Its getting cold. These cakes taste nice. 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：1.表感官的系動(dòng)詞：look, sound, taste, smell, feel（這些詞用形容詞作表語(yǔ)） 2.表似乎的系動(dòng)詞:seem, appear 3.表變化的系動(dòng)詞：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go,

2、 fall, run 4.表依舊的系動(dòng)詞：remain, keep, stay,continue, stand, rest, lie, hold 某些形容詞如happy, glad, surprised, sure, afraid 等用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可接動(dòng)詞不定式或狀語(yǔ)從句Im glad to meet you. He was surprised to see his teacher. We were happy to learn that our teacher had got well. Im sure that they will come and watch our performance

3、. 形容詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形容詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)lMany foreigners find Chinese difficult. lWell make our school more beautiful. lWe must keep our classroom clean. 只用作表語(yǔ)的形容詞alone, afraid, asleep, well, ill, sorry, sure, glad She is alone in her bedroom. Be quiet, please. The baby is asleep. Are you sure of its truth?形容詞的主動(dòng)意義和被

4、動(dòng)意義形容詞的主動(dòng)意義和被動(dòng)意義lThe weather is pleasant these days.lHe is pleased with our compositions.lThe cartoon is very interesting. lEven my parents are interested in the cartoon. l類(lèi)似的詞還有：lexcited/ exciting relaxed/ relaxinglbored/ boring surprised/ surprisingltired/ tiringl-ed 的主語(yǔ)是_ 。 -ing的主語(yǔ)是_。副詞的分類(lèi)副詞的分類(lèi)l時(shí)

5、間副詞 yesterday, then, later, just, soon, first, finally, never, seldom, often 地點(diǎn)副詞 here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, above, down, back l方式副詞 carefully, clearly, easilyl程度副詞 very, quite, ratherl疑問(wèn)副詞 when ,how, whyl連接副詞 howeverl句子副詞 certainly, generally, surely 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較

6、級(jí)和最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：1、原級(jí)，即原形，如：、原級(jí)，即原形，如：big（大的）（大的）2、比較級(jí)，表示、比較級(jí)，表示 “更更 一些一些” 或或 “比較比較 ” 的意思，的意思， 如：如：bigger（更大，比較大）（更大，比較大）3、最高級(jí)，表示、最高級(jí)，表示 “最最” 的意思，如：的意思，如：biggest（最大）。（最大）。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：一、規(guī)則變化：一、規(guī)則變化：1、單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加、單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加 -er 或或 -est 。2、大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞

7、，在其前面加、大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前面加 more 或或 most 。具體見(jiàn)下表：具體見(jiàn)下表：Grammar 構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法 原級(jí)原級(jí) 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾加一般在詞尾加 -er 或或 -est以字母結(jié)尾的，以字母結(jié)尾的，加加 -r 或或 -st以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要先雙寫(xiě)這一字母，要先雙寫(xiě)這一字母，再加字母，再加 -er 或或 -est以輔音字母加以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)結(jié)尾的，先把尾的，先把 y 變成變成 i，再加，再加 -er 或或 -est單單音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞和和部部分分雙雙音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞雙雙音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞和和多

8、多音音節(jié)節(jié)詞詞在形容詞、在形容詞、副詞前加副詞前加more 或或 most。tall, long, taller, longertallest, longestnice, latenicer, laternicest, latestbig, thinbigger, thinner biggest, thinnesthappyheavyhappierheavierhappiestheaviestbeautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore carefulmore expensivemore interestingm

9、ore dangerousGrammarmost beautifulmost carefulmost expensivemost interestingmost dangerous 二、不規(guī)則變化：（需記憶）二、不規(guī)則變化：（需記憶） 原原 形形 比比 較較 級(jí)級(jí) 最最 高高 級(jí)級(jí)good wellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfarbetter worsemorelessolderelderfartherfurtherbest worstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthestGrammarGrammar 用法：用法： (一一) 原級(jí)原級(jí)1、

10、是形容詞和副詞的基本形式，用來(lái)描述人物或動(dòng)作。、是形容詞和副詞的基本形式，用來(lái)描述人物或動(dòng)作。 e.g. John is a tall boy. Our country is beautiful and strong. Rabbits run fast.2、用于原級(jí)比較。表示兩者在某一方面程度相同，用、用于原級(jí)比較。表示兩者在某一方面程度相同，用 “as + 形容詞（副詞）原形形容詞（副詞）原形 + as” 的句型。表示甲在某一方面不的句型。表示甲在某一方面不 及乙時(shí)，用及乙時(shí)，用 “not as (so) + 形容詞（副詞）原形形容詞（副詞）原形 + as” 的句型。的句型。 e.g. Jo

11、an is just as careful as Kate. Tom walks as fast as Mike. Its not as (so) warm today as yesterday. He didnt come as (so) early as Wanglin.so+ 形容詞原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí)+that叢句叢句 such+名詞名詞that叢句叢句He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door . too+原級(jí)原級(jí)+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 形容詞原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí)+

12、enough to do sth. This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons. 比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than This bridge is longer than that one. Our school is larger than theirs. 表示兩者之間的選擇，可使用表示兩者之間的選擇，可使用“Which is+ 比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)，or?” 表示不及另一方時(shí)，使用表示不及另一方時(shí)，使用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)原級(jí)+than”Which is longer, this one or that?This park is less beautiful than th

13、at one. “The+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)” “比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)” The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us. In spring, the days are getting longer and longer. one of the+最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)最高級(jí)+of (in)This is/ was the最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+名詞名詞+that定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. This is the wors

14、t film that I have seen these years. Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best. 補(bǔ)充：補(bǔ)充：1、 類(lèi)似類(lèi)似 slowly, easily, quickly ,lively 這樣的雙音節(jié)詞，這樣的雙音節(jié)詞，是由形容詞是由形容詞+ly 變來(lái)的變來(lái)的, 其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在單其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在單詞前加詞前加 more / most.2、用、用 and 把相同的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)連接起來(lái)，表示把相同的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)連接起來(lái)，表示 “越來(lái)越來(lái)越越 .”。 e.g. bigger and bigge

15、r warmer and warmer more and more beautifulGrammar 注意： 有些詞是以ly結(jié)尾的，但卻是形容詞 friendly lively lovely lonelyMore practice1. Jack get up _ today than yesterday. (early)2. Please do your homework _. (careful)3. He is too tired to go any _. (far)4. Le Lei runs _ (fast) than I, but he doesnt run as _ (fast) a

16、s my brother.5. Exercise Five is _ than Exercise Four. (difficult)earliercarefullyfartherfasterfastmore difficultMore practice2He is much _ than I. (thin)The work isnt hard. I can finish it _. (easy)There is _ water in the glass than the bottle. (little)He has been ill for few days. He feels even _

17、today. (bad)Last term he studied hard. He is going to study _ this term. (hard)thinnereasilylessworseharderMore practice3( )1. Does he speak English _ his father?A. as good as B. as well as C. best than D. as better as( )2. Peter is _ than his uncle.A. more fatter B. fatter C. fat D. very fat( )3. T

18、om is _ than I.A. older five years B. five years older C. five years elder D. oldest by five years( )4. This maths problem is _ that one.A. not so easy as B. more easy than C. as easier as D. easy than( )5. The Summer Palace is _ than all the other parks in Beijing and it is _ park in Beijing.A. bea

19、utiful, beautiful B. more beautiful, more beautifulC. most beautiful, the most beautiful D. more beautiful, the most beautifulBBBADMore practice4n( )6. Which do you like _, basketball, football or volleyball?nA. more B. very much C. most D. bestn( )7. Mary looks _ at home.nA. happy B. happily C. hap

20、pier D. more happyn( )8. This play isnt as _ as that one.nA. more interesting B. interesting C. much interesting D. most interestingn( )9. This TV set is _ of the three.nA. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapestn( )10. I have not learned the word _.nA. already B. still C. also D. yetDABDD涼山州中考原題【2010】25. Look at the rain!Yes, its raining so . A. heavily, heavy B. heavily, heavily C. heavy, heavily( ) 34. 【2011涼山】I have _ to tell you. Maybe you will be _ in it. A. interesting somethi