初三英語復(fù)習(xí)《動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)》課件

1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)初中階段初中階段8種時(shí)態(tài)：種時(shí)態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語+vt/be+賓語賓語+其他其他 一般過去時(shí)：主語一般過去時(shí)：主語+vted/bewas,were+賓語賓語+過去的時(shí)間狀語過去的時(shí)間狀語 一般將來時(shí)：主語一般將來時(shí)：主語+will+do動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形】賓語賓語+將將來的時(shí)間狀語來的時(shí)間狀語 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語+be+ving+now 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí):主語主語+was/were+ving 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):主語主語+has/have+vted+其他其他 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí):主語主語+had+vted+其他其他1.過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)

2、:主語主語+would+do動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形】賓語賓語+將來的時(shí)間狀語將來的時(shí)間狀語 (1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. e.g. They often spend their holidays in the south. 常搭配的時(shí)間狀語常搭配的時(shí)間狀語: always often usually sometimes seldom never from time to time now and then (偶爾偶爾) every day every . once a week 2.表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài): e.g. He is busy at the m

3、oment.3. 表示客觀真理表示客觀真理,諺語諺語,格言格言. e.g. The sun sets in the west. 4. 用與時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中用與時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中, 代替一般將來時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí): e.g. I will be happy if you all come. We will go when he comes. (2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. He is walking towards the plane.2. 表示目前一階段正在進(jìn)行表示目前一階段正在進(jìn)行(但說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)但說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行行)的動(dòng)

4、作的動(dòng)作: e.g. We are writing a paper these days. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的而現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常和反復(fù)經(jīng)常和反復(fù),或特征或特征,這類動(dòng)作沒有時(shí)間性的這類動(dòng)作沒有時(shí)間性的. 某些表示感官知覺的動(dòng)詞如某些表示感官知覺的動(dòng)詞如: see, hear, smell, taste等表示感覺等表示感覺,用一般時(shí)用一般時(shí),不用進(jìn)行時(shí)不用進(jìn)行時(shí).e.g. Do you see a plane in the sky? 注意注意:1) feel 可以用一般時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)

5、可以用一般時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)的感覺的感覺: e.g. I am not feeling well today. How are you feeling today? I feel tired. 2) see, hear 有相應(yīng)表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞有相應(yīng)表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞 look at / listen to , 這些詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)這些詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí) 比較比較: Do you see a map on the wall? He is looking at a map on the wall. I hear a strange noise from the car engine. He is liste

6、ning to the music.3. 有些表示有些表示狀態(tài)或心理感覺狀態(tài)或心理感覺的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí),而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示狀態(tài)或感覺狀態(tài)或感覺,如如 love, like, hate, want, need, wish, know(知道知道), understand(懂得懂得), remember(記得記得), believe, guess(認(rèn)為認(rèn)為), mean(意味著意味著), think(認(rèn)為認(rèn)為), feel(認(rèn)為認(rèn)為), fit(合適合適), find(認(rèn)為認(rèn)為), show(表明表明), have(有有)e.g. I hope yo

7、u will enjoy your meal. I want to visit them tomorrow.4. 當(dāng)有些感覺動(dòng)詞詞義轉(zhuǎn)變當(dāng)有些感覺動(dòng)詞詞義轉(zhuǎn)變,成為表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞成為表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞時(shí)時(shí),可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用進(jìn)行時(shí):e.g. Now I see the liquid in the glass has turned red. He is seeing his friend off at the airport. I think they will come. We are all thinking hard. The report shows the problem is serio

8、us. He is showing them around our school.Exercise: Water _(freeze) at the temperature 0. The air _( keep ) moving all the time. The town _( lie) to the west of the hill. I _( believe) you _ tell the truth now. - _ my son _ (work) hard this term? - Oh, yes, he _(try) his best now.6. _ the hat _ (fit)

9、 me well?7. What has happened to the fish, Mary? - Mum, the cat _ (eat) the fish. Just now the cat _(jump) onto the table and _(eat) it up.8. Sam _( live) in the small town for five years during the war.9. It is ages since I last _(see) you. You _(grow) taller.10. He wont tell us where he _(get) the

10、 book.freezeskeepsliesbelieve are tellingIs working is tryingDoes fit has eatenjumpedate lived saw have growngot (3) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 表示過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作表示過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作. e.g. I reviewed my lessons last night. 注意注意: 1)有時(shí)句中雖然有時(shí)句中雖然沒有表示確定過去沒有表示確定過去時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)間的狀語, 但根據(jù)上下文情景可以推斷出是過但根據(jù)上下文情景可以推斷出是過去發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作去發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)也應(yīng)用一

11、般過去時(shí)此時(shí)也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí) e.g. I was sorry to learn of your illness. I didnt know he was your father. 2)描述已故之人的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)用一描述已故之人的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)般過去時(shí). e.g. Edison invented the electric light.2. 表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. e.g. Peter often played basketball when he was in college.3. 表示主語過去的狀態(tài)或特征表示主語過去的狀態(tài)或特征. e.g. It was

12、 rainy last week. He was a taxi driver years ago.4. 在時(shí)間在時(shí)間,條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí). e.g. He would give her the book if he saw her. (4) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過去表示過去某一時(shí)刻某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示過去表示過去某一階段某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)

13、行的動(dòng)作. (4) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過去表示過去某一時(shí)刻某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示過去表示過去某一階段某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. Peter was playing chess the whole afternoon yesterday. We were having a meeting from nine to eleven yesterday.3. 用與用與 w

14、hen, while, as引導(dǎo)的表示過去的從句引導(dǎo)的表示過去的從句: (注意注意,這樣的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞必須可以持續(xù)必須可以持續(xù)) e.g. While I was watching TV, the telephone rang. As we were leaving, some of our friends arrived. When we were playing in the playground , it began to rain. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別: 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某時(shí)刻或階段動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某時(shí)刻或階段動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行, 不表明動(dòng)

15、作的完成不表明動(dòng)作的完成, 而一般過去時(shí)表示過去某動(dòng)而一般過去時(shí)表示過去某動(dòng)作已發(fā)生作已發(fā)生,表明動(dòng)作已完成表明動(dòng)作已完成.e.g. He was writing a composition last night.(作文不一定完成作文不一定完成) He wrote a composition last night.(作文肯定作文肯定寫完了寫完了) (5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 用法：用法： 1. 表示說話前某一個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作之結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)表示說話前某一個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作之結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的在的影響影響。e.g. I have alre

16、ady sent him a card. They have bought a new house. 常用的時(shí)間狀語：常用的時(shí)間狀語：already, just, yet 2. 表示從過去某一時(shí)間持續(xù)到說話時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作表示從過去某一時(shí)間持續(xù)到說話時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或狀態(tài)， 常與常與 “ for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 ” 或或 “ since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) ” 的時(shí)間狀語連用。的時(shí)間狀語連用。e.g. We have learned English for about three years. He has been here since last term. III. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的

17、區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1) 完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的結(jié)果和影響；而完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的結(jié)果和影響；而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式等，等，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。e.g. I have just had breakfast. I had breakfast a moment ago. (時(shí)間）時(shí)間） I have finished my homework. I finished my home at home. （地點(diǎn)）（地點(diǎn)） 2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)到說話）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)到說話時(shí)

18、為止，時(shí)為止， 與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系， 而一般過去時(shí)表示的持而一般過去時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某段時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷，續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某段時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷， 與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。系。 e.g. The Greens have stayed in China for a year. The Greens stayed in China for a year during the war. I have learned computer for some time. I learned computer for some time while in middle school. IV. 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞

19、與可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞與可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞1）常見的詞：）常見的詞： leave die put on fail ill be away be dead wear be ill borrow catch a cold buy join the army keep have a cold have be in the army2) 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能與不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能與 “ for +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段”或或since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) ” 連用，應(yīng)改用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。連用，應(yīng)改用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 I have bought a calculator. I have bought the calculator for

20、 a week. I have had the calculator for a week. e.g. He has had the watch for a month. He bought the watch a month ago. My brother has been in the army for a year. My brother joined the army one year ago.但是：但是： 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的可以與可以與” for + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 ” 或或since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)” 連用。連用。e.g. I havent met my teacher of English for a year. We havent met each other since he left. 3) till / until 用法用法 可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞 + till / until : “某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到到” not + 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞+ till / until: