初三系列復習資料（4）數(shù)詞、冠詞考點集匯講解和訓練

1、 初三系列復習資料（4）數(shù)詞、冠詞考點集匯，講解和訓練 HYPERLINK 四、冠詞和數(shù)詞 HYPERLINK 【考點直擊】 HYPERLINK 1.不定冠詞a與an的用法2.定冠詞the的用法3.零冠詞4.基數(shù)詞的用法 HYPERLINK 5.序數(shù)詞的用法 HYPERLINK 【名師點睛】 HYPERLINK 一. 冠詞的用法 HYPERLINK 冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。 HYPERLINK A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。 HYPERLINK 1. 不定冠詞的用法 HYPERLINK (1) a和an均用在單數(shù)

2、名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如： HYPERLINK John is a student. HYPERLINK Mary is an English teacher. HYPERLINK (2) 指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如: HYPERLINK A steel worker makes steel. HYPERLINK Pass me an apple, please. HYPERLINK (3) 指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或和物。例如： HYPERLINK A student wants to see you. HYPERLINK A girl is waiting for

3、you outside. HYPERLINK (4) 表示“每一”的意思，相當于every。例如： HYPERLINK Take the medicine three times a day. HYPERLINK They go to see their parents once a week. HYPERLINK 2. 定冠詞用法 HYPERLINK (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如： HYPERLINK The book on the desk is an English dictionary. HYPERLINK Beijing is the capital of China.

4、 HYPERLINK (2) 指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如： HYPERLINK Open the door, please. HYPERLINK Jack is in the library. HYPERLINK (3) 上文提到過的人或事物。例如： HYPERLINK Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. HYPERLINK (4) 表示世界上獨一無二的事物。例如： HYPERLINK The sun rises in the east and sets in the w

5、est. HYPERLINK (5) 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如： HYPERLINK Shanghai is the biggest city in China. HYPERLINK January is the first month of the year. HYPERLINK (6) 用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如： HYPERLINK The nurse is kind to the sick. HYPERLINK We should take good care of the old. HYPERLINK (7) 用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習慣用語中。例如：

6、HYPERLINK the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 HYPERLINK (8) 用在姓氏復數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如： HYPERLINK the Browns, the whites等。 HYPERLINK 3. 不用冠詞的情況 HYPERLINK (1) 某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如： HYPERLINK China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。 HYPERLINK (2) 名詞前已有作定語用

7、的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時，不用冠詞。例如： HYPERLINK That is my cap. HYPERLINK I have some questions. HYPERLINK Go down this street. HYPERLINK (3) 復數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時，不用冠詞。 HYPERLINK They are workers. HYPERLINK We are students. HYPERLINK (4) 稱呼語前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如： HYPERLI

8、NK I dont feel well today, Mother. HYPERLINK Bush was made president of the U.S. HYPERLINK (5) 三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動，學科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如： HYPERLINK I have lunch at home. HYPERLINK He often plays football after class. HYPERLINK We have English and maths every day. HYPERLINK (6) 在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如： HYPERLINK

9、By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。 HYPERLINK 二. 數(shù)詞的用法 HYPERLINK 數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。 HYPERLINK 1. 基數(shù)詞的用法 HYPERLINK (1) 基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如： HYPERLINK Thirty of them are Party members.（主語） HYPERLINK - How many would you like？ HYPERL

10、INK - Three ，please（作賓語） The nine boys are from Tianjing.（定語） Six plus four is ten.（表語） We four will go with you.（同位語） HYPERLINK (2) 表示一個具體數(shù)字時，hundred, thousand, million一律不用復數(shù)；在表示一個不確定數(shù)字時則用復數(shù)。例如： HYPERLINK Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. HYPERLINK There are three thousand stude

11、nts in our school. HYPERLINK After the war, thousands of people became homeless. HYPERLINK Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world. HYPERLINK They arrived in twos and threes HYPERLINK (3) 表示“十”的數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如： HYPERLINK He is in his early thirties HYPERLINK

12、He died still in his forties HYPERLINK This took place in 1930s HYPERLINK (4) 表示時刻用基數(shù)詞。例如： HYPERLINK We get up at six. HYPERLINK The workers begin work at eight. HYPERLINK 表示“幾點過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時以內(nèi)。例如： HYPERLINK ten past ten, HYPERLINK a quarter past nine, HYPERLINK half past twelve HYPERLINK 表示“幾點

13、差幾分”用介詞to, 但分數(shù)須在半小時以上。例如： HYPERLINK twenty to nine, HYPERLINK five to eight, HYPERLINK a quarter to ten HYPERLINK 表示“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如： HYPERLINK seven fifteen, HYPERLINK eleven thirty, HYPERLINK nine twenty HYPERLINK 2. 序數(shù)詞的用法 HYPERLINK （1）序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如： HYPERLINK The first truck is carrying

14、a foot baskets John lives on the fifteenth floor HYPERLINK （2）序數(shù)詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如： HYPERLINK Well have to do it a second time HYPERLINK Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak HYPERLINK （3）由幾個序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時不對應，很容易寫錯，應特別注意。它們是：one-first, two-second, three-t

15、hird, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日時， 年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：1949年十月一日讀作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty2004年九月十日讀作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four（5）表示分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母加-s。例如：three fourths,one second,two fifths（6）序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式： first1st sec

16、ond2nd third3rd fourth4th twenty-second22nd【實例解析】1. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) About _ students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths 答案：A。該題考查的是分數(shù)的表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母應加-s，因此應選A。2. (2004年河北省中考試題) Nine _ pounds a week? Thats v

17、ery good. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. hundred 答案：D。該題考查的是數(shù)詞的用法。Nine hundred是一個具體的數(shù)量，這是數(shù)詞不能用復數(shù)形式，后面也不能加of。所以應選D。3. (2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題) We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。球類運動之前不加冠詞，因此應選D。4. (2004年江西省中考試題) This is _

18、 song Ive told you about. Isnt it _ beautiful one? A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 答案：C。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。第一個空是特指，特指我給你說過的那首歌，第二個空是表示某一個類別。所以應選C?！局锌佳菥殹恳? .單項填空 1. This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D./ 2. -Whats the matter with you? -I caught _ bad co

19、ld and had to stay in _. A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 3. -Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There is _ “h” in the word hour. A. a B.

20、 the C. an D./ 6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian? Yes. I had _ wonderful time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. _ sun is bigger than _ earth. A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the 8. There is _ apple and some pears on the table. A. the B./ C. a D. an 9. David has _ cat. Its very nice. A. a B. an C. th

21、e D./ 10. Im reading _ novel. It is _ interesting story. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an 11. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 12. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A

22、. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 13. -Which is the smallest number of the four? -_. A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 14. -What do you think of a war, Li Ming? -Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. thre

23、e thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands 15. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 16. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is _. A. 856620 B.

24、85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 19. _ Chinese are looking for ways to

25、 learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /二. 句子改錯：下面各句A, B, C, D中有一處錯誤，請指出并改正。1. May is a fifth month of the year. A B C D2. The film has been on for half