四級翻譯專業(yè)培訓(xùn)一

1、四級翻譯專業(yè)培訓(xùn)一新改革后翻譯題型:段落翻譯漢譯英測試學(xué)生把漢語所承載的信息用英語表達(dá)出來的能力。 分值比例：15% 考試時間：30分鐘。 內(nèi)容：中國歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會開展 長度：140-160個漢字；段落翻譯的特點1、文體多為說明文 時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時為主，可能兼有完成時態(tài)和將來時態(tài)。 說明文的特點就是語法簡單，句式簡潔，專業(yè)性強(qiáng)。2、綜合性強(qiáng)，難度較大 考察內(nèi)容包括單詞、句型、固定搭配、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等根本英語要素和漢譯英的英語技巧。3、對輔助知識有一定要求 科普文章的特點就是信息量大，表達(dá)對象為一個特殊名稱。真題集錦剪紙中餐信息技術(shù)茶文化教育公平核能開展讀書的意義旅游大熊貓中國

2、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學(xué)英語四級考試新題型評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檔次評 分 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)13-15分譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。10-12分譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯誤。7-9分譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。4-6分譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。1-3分譯文支離破碎。除個別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達(dá)原文意思。0分未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。翻譯題目的攻克方法1、硬件條件積累stimulate 詞匯量！沒有一定的積累，就是巧婦難為無米之炊

3、策略： 必須開始有意識的積累和背誦一些和中國節(jié)日、歷史事件、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會開展相關(guān)的詞匯。大家可以關(guān)注以反映中國社會為主的一些英文雜志和報紙，例如中國日報及其網(wǎng)站。這份報紙的大局部內(nèi)容確實超越了考生的實力，但是一些涉及到日常社會生活的詞語，卻是大家可以學(xué)習(xí)的。大家每天看看網(wǎng)站中頭條新聞，配合中文新聞的背景，就可以學(xué)到很多表達(dá)。推薦一個中國日報網(wǎng)站下面的一個小欄目：language tips，有大量簡單實用的雙語文章。詞匯翻譯1. 注意詞的搭配學(xué)文化學(xué)知識學(xué)外語學(xué)鳥叫治國治家治病learn to read and writeacquire knowledgestudy a foreign langu

4、ageimitate birds cryingadministrate a countrymanage a householdcure disease根本工資根本建設(shè)根本設(shè)施根本物質(zhì)根本利益開展經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)水資源沖洗膠卷展開說明染上皮疹把戲劇改編成電影basic wagecapital constructioninfrastructure (basic facilities)essential commodityfundamental interestdevelop our economydevelop the water resourcesdevelop a filmdevelop an ide

5、adevelop a rashdevelop the play into a movie2.注意詞的簡化美不勝收的景色高聳入云的山峰引人入勝的故事艱苦卓絕的條件magnificent scenerytowering mountaininteresting storyextremely hard conditions of life大學(xué)英語四級考試新題型評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檔次評 分 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)13-15分譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。10-12分譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯誤。7-9分譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯誤相當(dāng)

6、多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。4-6分譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。1-3分譯文支離破碎。除個別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達(dá)原文意思。0分未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。翻譯中的句式選擇12分以上 - 一個大錯一整個句子寫錯以內(nèi)，連貫，流暢12分以下-8分以上 - 一個大錯以上，短句銜接不夠，句法單一8分以下 - 每句都有語法錯誤以樣卷的英文翻譯為例翻譯中的句式選擇中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期特別流行。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在世界各地很受歡送，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。翻譯中句式的選擇句式

7、的選擇：被動句，物稱作主語，定語從句，狀語從句，伴隨狀態(tài)，介詞短語句子間的銜接：并列連接，邏輯連接，主從連接每一章的英語輸入中國文化英譯漢漢譯英Unit 1 Traditional Chinese Festivalspair workRead the article and translate it from English to Chinese.Check your understanding. sentence patterns vocabulary新題型方案翻譯做題步驟通讀全段，確定時態(tài)和根本句型分析漢語句子主干，找出主語、謂語、賓語及其他成分確定單詞和短語的翻譯表達(dá)句子核對翻譯內(nèi)容數(shù)據(jù)

8、，以及有無信息遺漏讀原文，定時態(tài)。分小句，做翻譯。找主語找謂語找修飾語調(diào)句型，加銜接清明是我國的二十四節(jié)氣之一。由于二十四節(jié)氣比較客觀地反映了一年四季氣溫、降雨、物候等方面的變化，所以古代勞動人民用它安排農(nóng)事活動。但是，清明作為節(jié)日，與純粹的節(jié)氣又有所不同。節(jié)氣是我國物候變化、時令順序的標(biāo)志，而節(jié)日那么包含著一定的風(fēng)俗活動和某種紀(jì)念意義。因此，這個節(jié)日中既有祭掃新墳生別死離的悲酸淚，又有踏青游玩的歡笑聲，是一個富有特色的節(jié)日。清明是我國的二十四節(jié)氣之一。由于二十四節(jié)氣比較客觀地反映了一年四季氣溫、降雨、物候等方面的變化，所以古代勞動人民用它安排農(nóng)事活動。但是，清明作為節(jié)日，與純粹的節(jié)氣又有所不

9、同。節(jié)氣是我國物候變化、時令順序的標(biāo)志，而節(jié)日那么包含著一定的風(fēng)俗活動和某種紀(jì)念意義。因此，這個節(jié)日中既有祭掃新墳生別死離的悲酸淚，又有踏青游玩的歡笑聲，是一個富有特色的節(jié)日。清明是我國的二十四節(jié)氣之一。The Qingming Festival is one of the 24 solar terms in China.falling on April 4-6 each year./ The Pure Brightness Festival / The Tomb-sweeping Dayseasonal division points由于二十四節(jié)氣比較客觀地反映了一年四季氣溫、降雨、物候等方

10、面的變化，所以古代勞動人民用它安排農(nóng)事活動。because, as, since.As the 24 solar terms reflect objectively the changes in temperature, rainfall and climate throughout the year, ancient people in China used them to guide their farming.offer a clear reflection/ depiction ofpersuasion說服工作，arrogance自滿情緒，madness瘋狂行為，backwardnes

11、s落后狀態(tài)，antagonism, hostility敵對態(tài)度 緊張局勢 tension, 愛國情懷 patriot, 勇敢行為 bravery, 親密關(guān)系 intimacy, 準(zhǔn)備工作 preparation, 失業(yè)現(xiàn)象 unemployment, 補(bǔ)救措施 remedy漢語里有一些名詞，如“任務(wù)、“工作、“情況、“狀態(tài)、“問題、“制度、“事業(yè)、“局面等等通常有具體的含義，自然應(yīng)照譯，但是它們用來說明范疇時，那么失去了具體含義，一般可以省略不翻譯。但是，清明作為節(jié)日，與純粹的節(jié)氣又有所不同。However, Qingming as a festival is very different f

12、rom that as one of the solar terms.節(jié)氣是我國物候變化、時令順序的標(biāo)志，而節(jié)日那么包含著一定的風(fēng)俗活動和某種紀(jì)念意義。a solar term . while a festival.a solar term marks / indicates. a festival includes / involves.A solar term marks the climate change and seasonal transitiona festival includes some celebrations and commemoration.因此，這個節(jié)日中既有祭掃

13、新墳生別死離的悲酸淚，又有踏青游玩的歡笑聲，是一個富有特色的節(jié)日。therefore, thus, in this senseQingming has its own unique meaningwith the combination of both bitter tears of tomb-sweeping and joyful laughters of spring outings. both of the sadness of tomb-sweeping and happiness of going-out for fun in the open air.The Qingming (P

14、ure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. As the 24 seasonal division points offer a clear depiction of the changes in temperature, rainfall and climate throughout the year, ancient people in China used them to guide their farming. H

15、owever, Qingming as a festival is very different from that as one of the seasonal points. A seasonal point is indicative of the climate and seasonal transition while a festival involves some celebrations and commemoration. In this sense, Qingming is understood to have special meaning with the combin

16、ation both of the sadness of tomb-sweeping and happiness of going-out for fun in the open air. The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. As the 24 seasonal division points offer a clear depiction of the changes in temp

17、erature, rainfall and climate throughout the year, ancient people in China used them to guide their farming. However, Qingming as a festival is very different from that as one of the seasonal points. A seasonal point is indicative of the climate and seasonal transition while a festival involves some

18、 celebrations and commemoration. In this sense, Qingming is understood to have special meaning with the combination both of the sadness of tomb-sweeping and happiness of going-out for fun in the open air. Passage 2“元宵節(jié)是中國的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，在每年的農(nóng)歷正月十五這一天慶祝。元宵節(jié)的到來也標(biāo)志著春節(jié)的結(jié)束。元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到西漢時期，像其他的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日一樣，關(guān)于元宵節(jié)也有一個美麗的傳說

19、。據(jù)說，與道家的傳統(tǒng)有關(guān)。按中國民間的傳統(tǒng)，在這天上皓月高懸的夜晚，人們要點起彩燈萬盞，以示慶賀。出門賞月、燃燈放焰、喜猜燈謎、共吃元宵，合家團(tuán)聚、同慶佳節(jié)，其樂融融。元宵黏米團(tuán)子或者叫做湯圓是元宵節(jié)這一天必吃的食物。(198)The Lantern Festival (or Yuanxiao Jie) is a traditional Chinese festival, which is celebrated on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese New Year. The festival marks the end of the ce

20、lebrations of the Chinese New Year. Chinese started to celebrate the Lantern Festival from the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 23 AD). Like most other Chinese festivals, there is also a story behind the Festival. It is also believed that the festival has Taoist origins.This is a festival for people ha

21、ving fun. On the night of the festival, people go on streets with a variety of lanterns under the full moon, watching lions or dragon dancing, playing Chinese riddles and games, and lighting up firecrackers. There is really a lot of fun for the young and the old. Yuanxiao (glutinous rice ball) or Ta

22、ngyuan is the special food for the Lantern Festival.Passage 3今天的重陽節(jié)，被賦予了新的含義，在1989年，我國把每年的九月九日定為老人節(jié)，傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代巧妙地結(jié)合，成為尊老、敬老、愛老、助老的老年人的節(jié)日。Today, the Double Nine Festival has got some more meaning. In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Ninth Day of the Ninth lunar month as Seniors Day, which combines

23、 the modern meaning with the old tradition, on which day people show their respect, memory, love and care for the elderly. 全國各機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、街道，往往都在此時組織從工作崗位上退下來的老人們秋游賞景，或臨水玩樂，或登山健體，讓身心都沐浴在大自然的懷抱里；不少家庭的晚輩也會攙扶著年老的長輩到郊外活動或為老人準(zhǔn)備禮物。(169)Since then, all government units, organizations and street communities will

24、organize an autumn trip each year for those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day.Passage 4冬至，是我國農(nóng)歷中一個非常重要的節(jié)氣，也是一個傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日

25、，至今仍有不少地方有過冬至節(jié)的習(xí)俗。冬至是北半球全年中白天最短、黑夜最長的一天，過了冬至，白天就會一天天變長。古人對冬至的說法是：陰極之至，陽氣始生，日南至，日短之至，日影長之至，故曰“冬至?，F(xiàn)在，一些地方還把冬至作為一個節(jié)日來過。北方地區(qū)有冬至宰羊，吃餃子的習(xí)俗，南方地區(qū)在這一天那么有吃冬至米團(tuán)、冬至長線面的習(xí)慣。各個地區(qū)在冬至這一天還有祭天祭祖的習(xí)俗。(210)Winter Solstice is one of the most important seasonal points in Chinese lunar calendar, and a traditional festival c

26、elebrated in many parts of China until even today. On this day, the Northern hemisphere experiences the shortest daytime and longest nighttime. After the Winter Solstice, days will become longer and longer. As ancient Chinese thought, the yang, or muscular, positive things will become stronger and s

27、tronger after this day, so it should be celebrated. Nowadays, people in some parts of China still regard it as a festival. In Northern China, people eat lamb or dumplings while in the south there is the custom of having rice ball or the long noodles. People in some places will also worship the heave

28、n and their ancestors on this day.孔子Confucius是春秋時期the Spring and Autumn Period的大思想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派Confucianism的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國人心目中的圣人。孔子的言論和生平活動記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的?論語?The Analects一書中。?論語?是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國歷史上，沒有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受?論語?的影響。不研究?論語?，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。孔子Confucius是春秋時期the Spring and Autumn Period的大思

29、想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派Confucianism的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國人心目中的圣人。As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people. 孔子的言論和生平活動記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的?論語?The Analects一書中。His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their s

30、tudents in The Analects. ?論語?是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國歷史上，沒有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受?論語?的影響。As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years Chinese history after Confucius. 不研究?論語?，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。No scholar could truly unde

31、rstand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects. As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years Chinese history after Confucius. No scholar could truly understand this long-s