托福考試寫作拿高分的秘訣

1、托?？荚噷懽髂酶叻值拿卦E托福寫作高分的訣竅：學(xué)會(huì)舉例論證在備考托福寫作的過程中，不少拿不到寫作高分的中國學(xué)生遇到的問題不是看不懂題目，也不是想不到理由，甚至也不是寫不到300字(我見過有學(xué)生寫了470字，卻只得了fair)，而是不會(huì)論證。不會(huì)論證這四個(gè)字幾乎就是托福寫作的死穴。考官們反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)fully developed的重要性，說的也就是這個(gè)理兒。論證的主要方法有直接論證、舉例子、引用他人觀點(diǎn)和數(shù)據(jù)等等。在這里，最適合中國學(xué)生操作，也是最容易得高分的就是舉例子了。然而，舉例子這個(gè)方法向來不為中國學(xué)生所重視。因?yàn)閷?duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，舉例子實(shí)在是太容易不過了，只要寫上for example之類的

2、提示詞，再寫上人盡皆知的諸如Einstein, Newton之類的例子就萬事大吉了。而事實(shí)上，這樣的例子考官早已經(jīng)看過成百上千遍了，怎么可能再給高分呢?因此，要想舉出高分的例子，最好是寫兩種例子：1)美國人所熟知的歷史、文化的例子，但一定要有一些新意，不是講爛了的Galileo, Mother Teresa之流2)講自己身邊的故事。這是考生能夠選用第一種例子，用得恰當(dāng)?shù)脑捵匀荒茏尶脊傺矍盀橹涣?。例如在討論媒體對(duì)人們的.影響時(shí)，選用美國人所熟知的脫口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作為例子?；蚴窃谟懻搶W(xué)生是否都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)歷史的時(shí)候，選用美國歷史上知名的總統(tǒng)，如Thomas Jefferson,

3、Herbert Hoover等進(jìn)行論證都非常好。這樣做既進(jìn)行了有效論證，又不落入俗套。然而，舉這類例子對(duì)于考生考前的積累要求比較高。如果距離考試還有三個(gè)月或以上的時(shí)間，我建議考生可以在考前多準(zhǔn)備一些類似的人物或事件的例子，以備考試之用。在這里，推薦給大家?guī)讉€(gè)參考的網(wǎng)站：維基百科，紐約時(shí)報(bào)，華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)，和 American thinker，這些都是很好的收集素材的網(wǎng)站。對(duì)于大多數(shù)備考時(shí)間比較緊的考生來說，花大量的時(shí)間去準(zhǔn)備第一種例子顯得有些不太劃算。因此，性價(jià)比比較高的第二種例子更適合于備考時(shí)間比較短的考生。托?？荚噧H僅是語言能力考試，只要能用恰當(dāng)?shù)睦诱撌銮宄栴}就可以，因此用自己或身邊人的例

4、子對(duì)于考官來說也有很大的說服力。有的考生仍然會(huì)問，那我身邊沒有那么多的例子可以用怎么辦?這個(gè)時(shí)候，對(duì)待考官就不能這么死心眼了，就要學(xué)會(huì)編例子。但是編例子也要有技巧，也要讓考官信服，絕非信口胡編。在這里介紹三個(gè)小技巧，幫助你把例子編得更生動(dòng)。1) 加上姓名、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等很多中國學(xué)生在寫例子的時(shí)候會(huì)使用比如說有一個(gè)人這樣的表達(dá)。這樣的表達(dá)看起來底氣不足，且中式思維嚴(yán)重，很難受到考官青睞?？忌耆梢愿挠昧硗獾谋磉_(dá)我有一個(gè)朋友叫Peter，他在兩年前做了XX事這樣寫就看起來舒服多了。在敘述個(gè)人類例子的時(shí)候，盡量使用具體的人名、地名和時(shí)間。這樣能使你的例子看上去更豐滿、富有細(xì)節(jié)，也更像真實(shí)的事件，有說

5、服力。2) 與論點(diǎn)結(jié)合，寫出XX之前和XX之后的變化需要特別注意的是，例子一定是為論證服務(wù)的，絕不能脫離主題舉例子。有的考生非常心醉于自己編出來的故事，但是卻忘了自己在寫托福作文，這個(gè)故事并不能證明你的觀點(diǎn)，那這樣的文章得不到高分一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。這里的XX指的是論點(diǎn)中的主題詞。例如在寫機(jī)經(jīng)中的一個(gè)題目：公共交通是否應(yīng)該免費(fèi)時(shí)，有一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)是公共交通免費(fèi)以后，私家車會(huì)減少，這樣尾氣排放得少了，環(huán)境也就變好了。這里的主題詞就是私家車的數(shù)量，例子就可以寫成N年前私家車很少，環(huán)境很好，然后私家車變多以后，環(huán)境就變差了。例子可寫成：10 years ago, in my childhood memory,

6、 the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever seen. The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to me. However, 3 years ago, when I came back to this city again, I was astonished by those changes. The city developed rapidly during those days. There are far

7、more private cars than years ago on the road every day. On average, every household has one or two cars. The city may be described as developed now, while the sky here is never as clear as ever.這個(gè)例子當(dāng)中所用的詞匯、句型基本都是中學(xué)所學(xué)過的。但是其中用到了我們剛才所談的第一個(gè)技巧，加上了時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)，也用到了第二個(gè)技巧，扣緊了主題，說明了有私家車變多之前和之后的變化。這個(gè)例子看上去文采平實(shí)，但卻符合托福考

8、試的評(píng)分規(guī)范，單就這個(gè)例子而言，就是可以得到45分的高分的(滿分5分)。3) 寫完例子以后，一定要再結(jié)合論點(diǎn)論證說理這一點(diǎn)不難理解，卻是很多考生所忽視的。再強(qiáng)調(diào)一遍，例子的存在是為了更好地論證論點(diǎn)，因此在寫完例子以后，需要再加上至少12句話重申一下你的論點(diǎn)。例如上文中出現(xiàn)的例子，寫完之后，還應(yīng)再加上If the amount of the cars can be reduced, I believe it will further improve the environment here, and be beneficial to all the citizens here as well.

9、And The free payment of pubic transportation will make this come true.這樣就是一個(gè)完整的論述段了。如果考生們可以掌握上述的三個(gè)技巧，就可以寫出一篇內(nèi)容充實(shí)又論證有力的托福高分作文的。當(dāng)然，大家要牢記熟能生巧這四個(gè)字，然后多多練習(xí)，這樣才能在考試中無往不利。托福寫作高分的三個(gè)重要原則1. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topic sentence should relate to your thesis statement a

10、nd introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences.(每個(gè)主體段都必須有一個(gè)明確的主題句)2. Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence

11、 for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence.(支持句必須圍繞主題句展開)根據(jù)第2條的原則,我們來看看下面這個(gè)主體段：Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is sta

12、mp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to the school. Third, a persons free time is being used in a positiv

13、e way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.這段話的topic sentence很明顯-Hobbies are important for many reasons,之后的支持句從三方面闡述hobby的重要性(first, sec

14、ond, third),但段中這句話A person can also meet other people by going the school與hobby重要的原因沒有關(guān)系,因此削弱了整個(gè)段落的連貫性與統(tǒng)一性,應(yīng)該被去掉。3. Add details. To write a more fully developed paragraph, you need to add details to your supporting ideas. Your details can be facts, examples, personal experiences, or descriptions.(需要

15、用多種方式提供細(xì)節(jié)展開段落)The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National C

16、ollection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits. The museums provide unforgettable

17、experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the

18、re is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.這是一個(gè)成功的主題段,請(qǐng)注意這段話段落細(xì)節(jié)展開的幾種形式-提供事實(shí)、舉例、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和描述。我們把這個(gè)段落拆分后進(jìn)行分析：Topic sentence(主題句)The

19、 Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons.Supporting idea 1(支持理由1)The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone.Details facts(細(xì)節(jié)展開-提供事實(shí))These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and

20、 Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others.Supporting idea 2(支持理由2)A person can do more than just look at the exhibits.Details examples(細(xì)節(jié)展開-舉例)For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so

21、 desires can handle some of the exhibits.Supporting idea 3(支持理由3)The museums provide unforgettable experiences.Details personal experience(細(xì)節(jié)展開-個(gè)人經(jīng)歷)In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in

22、space.Supporting idea 4(支持理由4)Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world.Details description(細(xì)節(jié)展開-描述)In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she i

23、s in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.托福寫作高分練習(xí)素材：出國留學(xué)經(jīng)歷的利弊分析The independent essay usually asks for your opinion about a familiar topic. You will have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response. Typically, a good essay for the

24、 independent topic will require that you write 300350 words.Question:You are planning to study abroad. What do you think you will like and dislike about this experience? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.參考分析：本題要求考生通過定位，概括和分類仔細(xì)審題，就某個(gè)問題寫一篇感想，或就一個(gè)事件進(jìn)行闡述，解釋以及論證自己的觀點(diǎn)，列出提綱明確主題并

25、圍繞主題來寫作和修改文章。My mother once told me that she could always find my eyes shining at the mention of going abroad for further education. There is no denying the fact that I have strong desire of my oversea trip and have planed of it for a long period since I began my high school time. In fact, I am only

26、 a typical example of those young students who have the some dream. A result of recent survey, released by a famous magazine in my hometown showed that more than 72 percent local high school students has pleasant association with studying abroad. Anyway, such decisions can benefit a young man a grea

27、t deal while it is not without its problems.Will oversea colleges and universities, especially those in America, provide Chinese student a more refined education? The data I select over this year leads to me believe that the answer is undoubtedly positive, since those abroad universities, which enjoy high reputations world-widely, have faculty and advanced facility. It is the education with totally different conceptions that will exert positively influence on one by widening his or her horizon, whereby he/she can pu