2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十一：短語動詞和句型地考點講解和訓(xùn)練

1、WORD格式PAGE1 / NUMPAGES10歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：36340922011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十一：短語動詞和句型的考點講解和訓(xùn)練【考點直擊】1.短語動詞的辨析；2.英語句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)；3.初中階段主要句型的用法?！久麕燑c睛】短語動詞是中考的重要內(nèi)容之一。在初中階段，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語動詞，把他們加以歸納總結(jié)，進(jìn)行重點復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。1.短語動詞的分類(1)動詞介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,askfor,l

2、aughat,hearof等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：Dontlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)動詞副詞常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：Youllhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedontforgettohanditin.(3)動詞副詞介詞常見的有g(shù)oonwith,catchupwith等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后

3、邊。如：GoonandIllcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)動詞名詞介詞常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)動詞形容詞常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊

4、，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)動詞名詞常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：36340922.短語動詞的辨析(1)bemadein（在生產(chǎn)或制造），bemadeof(由組成或構(gòu)成)(2)comedown(下來;落)，co

5、mealong(來；隨同)，cometooneself(蘇醒)，cometrue(實現(xiàn))，comeout(花開；發(fā)芽；出現(xiàn)；出來)，comeover（過來；順便來訪），comein(進(jìn)來)，comeon(來吧；跟著來；趕快),comeupwith(找到；提出)(3)doonesb盡es最t(大努力),dowellin(在干得好),dooneshomew做o作rk(業(yè))，dosomereading(閱讀)(4)fallasleep(入睡)，fallbehind(落在.后面)，falloff(從掉下)，falldown(到下；跌倒)(5)getdown(下來；落下)，geton(上車)，getto

6、(到達(dá))，getup(起床)，getback(回來；取回)，getoff(下來)，getonwellwith(與相處融洽)，getmarried(結(jié)婚)，gettogether(相聚)(6)giveup(放棄)，giveahand給(與幫助)，giveaconcert(開音樂會)(7)goback(回去)，goon(繼續(xù))，gohome(回家)，gotobed(睡覺)，goover(過一遍；仔細(xì)檢查)，goout(外出；到外面)，gowrong(走錯路)，goondoing(繼續(xù)做某事)，goshopping(買東西)，goboating(去劃船),gofishing(去釣魚)，gohikin

7、g(去徒步旅行)，goskating(去滑冰)，gostraightalong(沿著一直往前走)(8)havealook(看一看),haveasea（t坐下）,havesupper（吃晚餐）,havearest（休息）,havesports（進(jìn)行體育活動）,haveacold（感冒）,haveacough（咳嗽）,haveagoodtime（過得愉快）,haveaheadache（頭痛），haveatry(嘗試；努力)(9)lookfor(尋找)，lookout(留神;注意)，lookover(仔細(xì)檢查)，lookup(向上看；抬頭看)，lookafter(照顧;照看)，lookat(看；觀看

8、)，looklike(看起來像)，lookthesame(看起來像)，(10)makefriends(交朋友)，makephonecalls(打)，makemoney(賺錢)，makethebed(整理床鋪)，makeanoise(吵鬧)，makeafaces(做鬼臉)，makeonesway往to(走去)，makeroomfor(給騰出地方)，makeadecision(做出決定)，makeamistake(犯錯誤)，makeuponesdm(下in決心)(11)puton(上演；穿上；戴上)，putup(掛起；舉起)，putdown(把某物放下來)，putaway(把某物收起來),puto

9、ff(推遲)(12)takeoff(脫掉衣服)，takephotos(照相)，taketime(花費(fèi)時間)，takeout(取出)，takeaseat(坐下)，takeanactivepartin(積極參加)，takecareof(照顧；照料；注意)，takeexercise(做運(yùn)動)，takeonesp(la坐c某e人的位置；代替某人的職務(wù))，taketurn(輪流)(13)talkabout(談話；交談)，talkwith(和交談)(14)turnon(打開電燈，收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等)，turnoff(關(guān)上電燈，收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等)，turndown(關(guān)??；調(diào)低)，turnover(

10、把.翻過來)(15)thinkof(認(rèn)為；想起)，thinkabout(考慮)3.句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)句子所用動詞的不同，句子可歸納為五個基本句型。(1)主語+連系動詞+表語。例如：Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice.(2)主語+不及物動詞。例如：Herunsfast.家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：3634092Westudyhard.(3)主語+及物動詞+賓語。例如：Childrenoftensingthissong.HestudiesEnglish.1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作賓語的

11、動詞有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如：Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如：Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3)有些及物動詞既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作賓語，但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有：remember,forget等。例

12、如：Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.請記住替我發(fā)了這封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得那封信寄過了。Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語，而是作狀語。試比較下列句子：Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下來吸煙。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸煙了。4)有些及物動詞的賓語，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意義基本相同。這類動詞常見的有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如：Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimmingins

13、ummer.(4)主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1)及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物。指人的為間接賓語，指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下，間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。如果要把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓語前需加介詞。例如：Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓前有時加介詞to,有時加介詞for

14、,這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在動詞buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tomsmotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tomsmotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.(5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthe

15、nextroom.家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：36340921)及物動詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語，一個是賓語，一個是賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：WecallhimJack.Dontgetyourhandsdirty.2)在及物動詞之后，用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指事情的全過程；用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指正在進(jìn)行的動作的一部分。例如：Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我聽他唱過那首歌。)WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsin

16、gingintheroom.(我回來時，聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)3)在感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役動詞let,make,have等的復(fù)合賓語種，不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，省去的to要加上。例如：Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.4.初中階段主要句型的用法。1.Itstimeto(for)表“時間到了；該干的時間了”之意。Itstimetogohome.Itstimeforschool.注意：to的后面接動詞短語，而for的后面接名詞。2.Itsbad(good)for.表示“

17、對有害（有益）的”含義。Pleasedontsmoke.Itsbadforyourhealth.Pleasetakemoreexercise.Itsgoodforyourhealth.3.belatefor(school)是“上學(xué)（遲到）”之意。for后面還可以接meeting或class。Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Dontbelateforclass,please.4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.Itscoldoutside.Wehadbet

18、terstoptohavearest.注意：用hadbetter時，后面一定要直接跟動詞原形，決不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二個動詞之前，是動詞不定式的否定式。5.be(feel)afraidof.表示“恐怕”，“害怕”之意。Heisafraidofsnakes.Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜歡（愛好）做某事”之意，doing是動名詞作動詞enjoy的賓語。enjoy有欣賞之意。AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?7.stopdoingsth.停

19、止做某事stoptodosth.停下來做某事Itstimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.8.Let(make)sb.do讓（使）某人做某事。Letsgotoschool.Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：3634092注意：當(dāng)makesb.dosth.用于被動語態(tài)時，第二個動詞前面就一定要加to了。如：Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.hewa

20、smadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜歡做某事”之意。liketodosth.是表示比較具體的喜歡做某事；likedoingsth.是表示寵統(tǒng)的喜歡做某事。如：Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.我喜歡在游泳池中游泳。（喜歡的具體的地方游泳）Ilikeswimming.我喜歡游泳（只講喜歡這項運(yùn)動）10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.請（讓）某人（不）做某事Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.Whendidyo

21、utellhimnottoshoutloudly?11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.給（借給）某人某物Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.Pleaselendusyourcar.12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?13.too.to.表示“太以致不能”的含義。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theoldmanwastootiredtowalk

22、farther.14.notuntil是“直才”之意。Mydaughterdidntgotobeduntil11oclocklastnight.Wewonthavetimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.15.sotha是t“如此以致”的意思。Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.16.neithernor是“既不也不”之意。Mr.Smithisneitheraworkernorasoldier.Hei

23、sascientist.NeitheryounorIamfree.17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.19.preferto是“比起來，還是好，”喜“歡而不喜歡”之意。IpreferEnglishtomaths=IlikeEnglishbetterthanmathsHeprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.20.notatall是“根本不”之意。IdontknowMr.Kingatall.Daviddoes

24、ntlikesingingatall.21keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人繼續(xù)做某事”之意。Mr.Wangdidntcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.DontkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物處于某種狀況”之意。Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：3634092Thatwool

25、sweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.23.seesb.doingsth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”之意。Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffice,hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.Didyouseeacarcominghere?24.seesb.dosth.是“看見某人做了某事”之意。Thatgirlsawanoldwomanfalldownontheroadyesterday.Haveyouseentheleavesdropintotheriver?25.hearsb.doingsth.是“聽到某人正在做某事”之意。L

26、isten!Canyouhearsomeonesingingonthehill?WeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.26.hearsb.dosth.表示“聽見某人做了某事”之意。Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.Whydidntyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom?27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用來做某事”的意思。Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.28.Itsthreemetre

27、slong/high/wide.它是三米長（高、寬）形容詞要放在后面作后置定語。句型是It/主語+be+數(shù)詞+米/公里+形容詞。Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.29.Whatswrongwith?/Whatstheproblemwith?/Whatsthetroublewith?/Whatsthematter?表示“出了什么毛??？”“哪兒不舒服？”“怎么啦？”的含義。Whatswrongwithyourcar?Whatswrongwithyou,littlegirl?Whatsthematterwith

28、yourwatch?30.Wouldyoulike(todo)?是“你想要嗎？”的意思。like后面可以接名詞，詞組或動詞不定式。提出一種建議或邀請。Wouldyoulikesomefish?Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?31.Willyoupleasedosth?是“你想要做嗎？”Willyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?Ifeelcold.32.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花費(fèi)某人一段時間”之意?？梢杂糜谝话悻F(xiàn)在時，一般過去式和一般將來時態(tài)。I

29、twilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.33.Idlikesb.todosth.是“我希望某人來做某事”之意。Idlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.HedlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.34.Theressth.wrongwith是“某物/人出了問題”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=Somethingiswrongwi

30、ththeTVset.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesntmove.35.Idontthinkthat+clause是“我想不會”“我認(rèn)為不”之意。Idontthinkthatanyofthequestionsisdifficult.家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：3634092Wedontthinkhewillhavetimetomorrow.36.Whatabout?表示征求意見，詢問消息，是“好不好？”“怎么樣？”之意。Whataboutsometea?Whataboutyour

31、mother?Issheallright?37.Whynotdo.?是表示建議，“為什么不？”之意。Whynothavearest?Youhavealreadyworkedforfourhours.Whynotcometoplaygameswithus?=Whydontyoucometoplaygameswithus?38.Whatdoyoumeanby?是“請問是什么意思？”之意。Whatdoyoumeanbyscientist,please?Whatdoyoumeanbymanager,please?可以說Whatisthemeaningofmanager或?Whatdoesthemana

32、germean?39.Youlikesingingverymuch.SodoI你.非常喜歡唱歌。我也非常喜歡。SodoI.=Ilikesingingverymuch,too.So在句型so+be(have，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+主語中有“也”，“同樣”的意思，表示前面所說的情況，也適合于另一個人（或物）。Hesawtheaccident,andsodidI.Shecanrideahorse,andsocanI.40.ItseasyforhimtolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語對他來說很容易。Its+adj.+forsb.+todosth.是“對某人來說做某事怎么樣”之意。It是代詞作

33、形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式（或短語），為避免句子頭重腳輕而將主語放在了后面。Itisdangerousforchildrentoplayinthestreet.Itwaseasyforhertotidyherroomjustnow.【實例解析】1.Whenhe_home,hesawhismothercleaningtheroom.A.gotupB.gotbackC.gotoffD.goton答案：B。該題考查的是短語動詞的用法。根據(jù)題意，空白處所填的短語動詞的意思應(yīng)該是“回到”，所以選gotback。2.Fatherissleeping.Youdbetter_quiet.A.tokeep

34、B.keepC.keepingD.kept答案：B。該題考查的是常見句型。hadbetter后接動詞原形，所以應(yīng)選keep。3.Wouldyoumind_mypetdogwhleiImaway.Sure,noproblem.A.settingupB.lookingafterC.turningdownD.keepingout答案：B。該題考查的是短語動詞的用法。根據(jù)題意，空白所填短語動詞的意思應(yīng)該是“照看”，所以選B。4.Mum,Imoffered8,000yuanamonthofthejob.Really?Itjustsounds_tobetrue.A.sowellB.toogoodC.goo

35、denoughD.toowell答案：B。該題考查的是“too句to型”的應(yīng)用。toogoodtobetrue表示太好了，以至于不會是真的?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項選擇家校圈：:/jiaoyu.139/資料免費(fèi)下載歡迎下載資料：QQ1253608268群號：36340921.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster?Myflightis_.A.takingoffB.gettingoffC.turningoffD.puttingoff2.OnOctober15,2003China_itsfirstman-madespaceship,whichmadeYangLiweiaherotomany

36、kids.A.setoutB.SetoffC.sentupD.sentout3.Howistheplaygoing?Wearegoingto_thedayaftertomorrow.A.putonitB.putitoffC.putitonD.putitoff4.MrGreenisbusy_thenewspaperwhilehiswifeisbusy_thehousework.A.reading;withB.toread;withC.toread;doingD.with;todo5.Wehaveto_ourthingsifwetravelonatrainorabus.A.lookatB.look

37、upC.looklikeD.lookafter6.Ifyou_anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.Sure,Iwill.A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithDeupwith7.ZhouJielunissocool.Imhisfan._.A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SoamID.SoIam8.Yournewsweaterlooksbeautiful.Isit_purewool?Yes,andits_InnerMongolia.A.madeby;madeforB.madeof;madebyC.madeof;madei

38、nD.Madeby;madefrom9.Please_theboxcarefully.ItisfilledwithglassesA.putdownB.putonC.putoffD.puttogether10._!Theresacarcom!ingOh.Thanks.A.LookoverB.LookupC.LookonD.Lookout11.Look!Thebusiscoming.Butitsfullofpeople.Wecant_.A.getoffB.getdownC.getonwithD.geton12.Excuseme.WherestheScienceMuseum?TakeNo.3busa

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