2022屆高三英語二輪復習詞義猜測題學案

1、詞義猜測1把握詞義推斷題最常見的命題方式(1)The underlined phrase“. could be replaced by ”(2)The underlined word “.” in Paragraph.refers to .(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para-graph.? / What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph.?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“.

2、”?(5) The underlined word “.” most probably means 2掌握詞義推斷題的考查角度（1）猜測生詞或熟詞的含義。（2）猜測短語的意義。（3）猜測替代詞所替代的內(nèi)容（如it、one、they、this、that、these、those等）。3.解題思路我們可以利用構(gòu)詞法、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、邏輯關(guān)系、定義和解釋、例證、同等關(guān)系及生活常識和文化背景等方法猜出單詞或短語的意思?？键c1 利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，考生可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。構(gòu)詞法有合成法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)換法。 2018北京，D篇節(jié)選A study fro

3、m the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）and operations 40 by 2050Fewer emissions

4、and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（責任與維護問題）.But driverless car ownership could increase as t

5、he prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.變式：（2020.2 . D節(jié)選）I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was al

6、ways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.32. Which word best describes the authors relationship with book

7、s as a child?A. Cooperative B. UneasyC. InseparableD. Casual考點2 利用同義詞、近義詞猜詞義在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。表示同義或近義的信號詞常見的有and、or、similarly、likewise等。2017全國II，A篇改編By translating the rich and humorous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre c

8、reates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.A.translation B.spreading C. occasion D. style考點3 利用反義詞猜詞義有時作者會用表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞連接意思相反的兩個詞或句子，這時就可根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測詞義。表示對比或反義的信號詞或短語常見的有（whether). . or、unlike

9、、but、yet、however、while、although、nevertheless、instead、rather than、in contrast、on the contrary、on the other hand 等。福建，E篇節(jié)選If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.73. The underlined word “u

10、pbeat” in the second para-graph probably means“ A.cheerful B.average C.serious D.temporary考點4 利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義。常見的上下文之間的關(guān)系有因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系等。1.（2021.甲）Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British sk

11、ateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（橫桿）

12、, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.9. What do the underli

13、ned words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Dont worry!2.2019北京，D篇節(jié)選Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important proc

14、ess that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43.What does the underline

15、d word “vulnerable” in Para-graph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.變式：（2020.2 .C節(jié)選）Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species（物種）. Its destroying the environme

16、nt. Its them or us, says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Became

17、mature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.考點5 利用例證猜詞義為了說明或證實，文章中經(jīng)常會舉例，往往用來列舉說明前面較難理解的詞，這些例子可以幫助考生猜測生詞。舉例時，常常會用一些連接性的單詞或短語，如such as、like、for example、for instance等。2018全國I，C篇節(jié)選In recent centuries， trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,

18、 especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to dis-appear, and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.