高考定語從句總結(jié)通用PPT課件

1、Tom is a student in class 11.Tom has two brothers.We all like himToms father is a famous journalist.歸納：_whowhomwhose認(rèn)識關(guān)系代詞Tom _ has two brothers is a student in class 11.Tom _ we all like is a student in class 11.Tom _ father is a famous journalist is a student in class 11.關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, 在定語

2、從句中指代人，分別做主語、賓語、定語，做賓語時who可以替代whom, 也可以省略。The book is very interesting.The book is about Iraq.I bought the book yesterday.The book _ is about Iraq is very interesting.The book _ I bought yesterday is very interesting.歸納：_which/thatwhich/that關(guān)系代詞：that, which, 在定語從句中指代物，做主語、賓語、表語。其中that,指代人和物都可以。做賓語時可

3、以省略。認(rèn)識關(guān)系副詞The day is a special day. I will never forget the day.She married him on that day.The day _I will never forget is a special day.The day _ she married him is a special day.The day _ she married him is a special day.that/whichon whichwhen歸納：_when在定語從句中做時間狀語。Guilin is a beautiful place.I visi

4、ted Guilin last year.Liu Sanjie lived in Guilin.Guilin _ I visited last year is a beautiful place.Guilin _ Liu Sanjie lived is a beautiful place.Guilin _ Liu Sanjie lived is a beautiful place.that/whichin whichwhere歸納：_Where在定語從句中做地點狀語。She gave me the reason.She was late for the reason.She gave me t

5、he reason _ she was late.for whichwhyShe gave me the reason _ she was late.歸納：_Why在定語從句中做原因狀語。區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that和which關(guān)系代詞的that用法1.不用that的情況a.在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時:b.介詞后不能用. 例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2.只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a.在there be句型中

6、, 只用that , 不用which.b.在不定代詞, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時, 只用that, 不用which.c.先行詞有the only, the very修飾時, 只用thatd.先行詞為序數(shù)詞, 數(shù)詞, 形容詞最高級時, 只用thate.先行詞既有人, 又有物時用that.f.先行詞被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等詞修飾時。as, which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整

7、個主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以

8、逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案B。 which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1） as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可

9、。(2） as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。（3） as 多用于下列句型：the sameas, suchas, asas, as is known, as we have knowAs we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.I have got into the same trouble as he (has).介詞+關(guān)系詞 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）tha

10、t前不能有介詞。3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?whose + n 表示所屬關(guān)系，可變?yōu)閚 + of which/ whom

11、， 表示部分關(guān)系時，也可用部分關(guān)系詞 + of which/ whom. The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd.1 定語從句與同位語從句 定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“的（名詞）”。而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接

12、作用。試比較：易與定語從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句 We all have heard the news _ our team won. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that (同位語從句，that從句表示news的內(nèi)容，that 在從句中不作任何成分)that/which (定語從句，that 作told 的賓語)2 定語從句與狀語從句。試比較： He left the key_ he had been an hour before. He left the place _he lived for many years. He is

13、 such a good teacher _all of us love and respect.where(where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，相當(dāng)于in the place where)where(where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the place) as (as 引導(dǎo)定語從句) He is such a good teacher _we all like him.3 定語從句與主語從句。試比較：_is known to us all, paper was first made in China._is known to us all that paper was first made in Chi

14、na.that(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,suchthat “如此以致” As(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首)It (it 做形式主語，代替that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句) 4定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較： It is the house _I met the young man. It was in the house _I met the young man.where (where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點狀語)that (本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為I met the young man in the house.)判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法

15、一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯 （錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the

16、 countryside. （對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （對） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB.

17、 that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又

18、可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum 詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。歸納：定語從句易錯點1. 易錯點一：因為句子成分不明而出錯，特別注意表時間的先行詞不一定用wh

19、en，表地點的先行詞不一定用where。I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spend together.When; which B. What; that C. on which; when D. Which; when This is just the place _ I am longing to visit these years. A. that B. where C. in which D. to which2、 易錯點二：因為句子成分復(fù)雜，特別是出現(xiàn)插入成分而出錯。 The soldie

20、rs had to sleep in their wet clothes, _ most uncomfortable.which I think it was B. which I think was C. which I think D. that I think was He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A.whom B. who C. when D. because3、 易錯點三：因為與what從句混淆而出錯。 All _ is needed is a supply of oil

21、. A. / B. that C. what D. which They came up with that bill, _ they say, would lead to a drop in the number of fresh college students unable to afford education. A. what B. that C.who D.which4、易錯點四：與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或其他句型混淆而出錯。 It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A

22、.that B. until C. before D. when Was it in hospital _ she lived for ten years _ she was trained to be a real nurse. A.that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where5、易錯點五：因與同位語從句混淆而出錯。（判斷下列從句屬何種從句） The fact that we talked about is very important. _ The fact that he succeeded in the experim

23、ent pleased everybody. _6、易錯點六：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句容易出錯，特別是與主語從句混淆而出錯。（選詞填空） As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health. _ is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. _ is known that the earth is round. As is known, the earth is round.7、易錯點七：因某些特殊句型的定語從句辨析不明而出錯。 This is the best way _ has been used aga

24、inst pollution. A. where B. why C. which D. that Last term our maths teachers set such a difficult examination problem _ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which8、易錯點八：介詞+引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句容易出錯，特別是因介詞的誤選而出錯。 The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. wh

25、om D. with whom Because of the traffic jam _ I was caught, I was late for the meeting. A. by which B. in which C. that D. where Do you know the artist _ the judge gave a prize? Yes, he is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for 2 years. A. to whom; who B. to whom; by whom C. whom; who D. who;

26、that9、易錯點九：因定語從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而出錯。 She is one of the few girls who _ passed the exam. A. was B. were C. has D. have She is the one of the few girls who _ passed the exam. A. was B. were C. has D. have 10、易錯點十：分隔式定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜而出錯。 The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far a

27、way village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A.that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich2. Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C. the one D at which3. The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for C whose D of which4. This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.A . who B whom C. that D. x 5 Who _ has seen the TV film doesnt admire it?A . that B who C which D as 6 You can never imagine what great t