九年級(jí)學(xué)案13.14單元

1、Unit 13Rainy days make me sad .Section A1a2c.Date :ofUnit13. Teachers words :（practice makes perfect ）. . Learning Aims :Master the words and phrasesCan understand the listeninghis part .Focal and difficult po. Learning Steps :s : Learn to talk about how things affect youstep 1 Lean new words and tr

2、anslate泄湖 光線運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)的（名詞）粉紅色的堅(jiān)硬的 服務(wù) 公平的瀕臨的 標(biāo)語神秘的有光澤的 皮膚產(chǎn)品前景美貌Step 2 Finish 1a Look at th使留在外面cture and talk about“which would you like to go to ? why? ”Step 3Step 4Step 5Finish 1bListen twice and fill in bles , then checkFinish 1c1)Read the dialogue and translate .2) Talk about in pairs Explain1. make 的

3、用法1)make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語的特點(diǎn),性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)等。Make sb +形容詞使他憂傷使她緊張 使他們放松使使我不舒服困倦2)動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，注意 to 要省略。Make sb do sth高亢的音樂使跳舞憂傷的歌使想哭她使嬰兒停止哭叫3)變成語態(tài)，to 要還原，把上面三句變成語態(tài)1）2）3）4)make sb sth ,make sb +過去分詞經(jīng)歷把他磨練成一個(gè)男子漢 選他當(dāng)小組長我講英語不能使人聽懂 他無法使別人聽到他說話 2.wouldratherdosthndo sth=prefer to do rathern do 這位老人

4、寧愿獨(dú)自居住也不愿和他們一起住我寧愿在呆在家里也不愿逛商場 他不愿聽搖滾樂()I would prefer to spend theA. to gokend at home shop.B. to goC. not to goD. rathern go3.so-t;such-t- 的用法1）他個(gè)子這么高，能夠著樹上的蘋果2）他有那么多朋友，他每天都很高興3)他有如此少的錢，買不起小車Step 5 Finish 2aListen and number thCheck1)Read by themselves 2)Listen and checkctureStep 6 Finish 2bStep 7

5、Finish 2cRead and practice in pairs ,then checkStep8 當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練There is no (science)basis for such policies .Hed rather hereA. staying3.B. to stayC. stays須保持教室干凈D. stayI was made-(repeat) it .Usually soft colors make people (relax)What make you so (happy) ?Some people think ads make our cities uglyA. to l

6、ookB. lookC. looksD. lookW for him so long made us angry .The a filmmakeeveryoneafraid .Rainy days make me u .11. I would rather at homen .A. stay ; go outB. to stay ; to go o. to stay ; go outD. stay ; to go out12. He was tired he could go to working .A. too ; toB. such ;tC. so ;tD. too ;t請寫出你的感悟。S

7、ection A3a3cofUnit 13. Date . Teachers words : Knowledge is a treasure , but practise is the key to it .知識(shí)一是一座寶庫，而實(shí)踐就是開啟寶庫大門的.Learning Aims : 1. Master the words and phraseshis section .2. Master the language po. Learning Stepss of this section .Step 1 . ReviRevise the key pos of last class .Step 2

8、. Words and phrases spelling of this section .1. science （形容詞） 2.so (同義詞) 3.hard (副詞)4.serve(現(xiàn)在分詞) 5.fair(反義詞) 6.endanger(形容詞) 7.own（名詞）8.pollute （名詞）Step 3 . Read the articy yourselves and get the main ideas .Step 4 . Key pos presenion .Restaurant owners have to know how to make food .owner 的意思是“物主

9、，所有人”，是名詞。該詞往往和定冠詞 the 連用。誰是這個(gè)花園的主人？聯(lián)想 動(dòng)詞 own 表示“擁有”。誰擁有這座花園？他過去曾經(jīng)擁有一座大房子。Here are some things they have learned from scientificstudies分析這是一個(gè)倒裝句，正常語序?yàn)?Some things they have learned from scientificstudies are here . 當(dāng)句子的某一成分提前倒裝句時(shí)，若主語是代詞，保留主謂語序。若主語是名詞，要完全倒裝。Where is my book ?它在這兒這兒有你。Mang fast food r

10、estaurants , therefore , have redfurniture or walls . other hand .therefore 是副詞，意為“因此，所以，結(jié)果”理句中做 語，同義詞為 so, then .其中 therefore 最正式，常用于精密的邏輯思維，而 so , then 用于口語。Therefore 用于句中時(shí)，表示語氣上的停頓，前后用逗號(hào)隔開，和and 連用時(shí)，不用逗號(hào)。我對不熟悉，所以我不能告訴你太多。People who keep you waiting .“keepng”句型中ng 說明賓語發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中或處于某種狀態(tài)。為什么讓我在這兒等這么長時(shí)

11、間？聯(lián)想 keep 后跟復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語可由現(xiàn)在分詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語充當(dāng)。1)她把臥室保持得干凈整潔2)你最好離火遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)兒。3) 雨天 Step 6 當(dāng)堂練習(xí) .單項(xiàng)選擇家待了三天。（）1. Its clear its going to rain .A.）2.tB. whichC. whenD. what（t keep your child so long .A. waitB. waitsC. waitingD. to waitto your parents ?D. giving（）3. Since youre ill , why nove aephoneA. give）4. He

12、 had leftA. beforeB. givenC. to giveI could sayo to him .（B. whenC. afterD. until）5. he was ill ,he didnt come to school .（A. Because ; / B. Though ; / C. Though ; but用所給單詞的正確形式填空。D. Because ; so.(miss)the early bus makes her annoyed .Its been raining for two days and the (rain)weather makes meforta

13、ble .3. Owners ost restaurants use many ways (make)customers (eat)faster .4. This ho(design)to make people feel at home .5. She wanted to learn how (make) mooncakes .III.根據(jù)漢語完成句子。1.因?yàn)轭櫩痛舻臅r(shí)間不長，小餐館每天就能招待的顧客。Because customers very long , small restaurants can people every day .2.很多餐館，特別是快餐店，運(yùn)用這一知識(shí)使顧客吃的

14、更快。Many restaurants , fast food restaurants this people .Section B(1a-2c)of Unit 13Date:Teachers words :True friendship last forever .Learning aims : 1.Master the words and phrases and grammar po2. Talk about the usage of the word “make” Learning steps :s .Step 1 match thctures and check then do 1b

15、.Step 2 Listening practice .2a. Listen and circle “Yes ”or “No”. Then ,check the answers .Listen again , draw lines to match . Listen again , and check the answers .Step3 Pair work .Role play the conversation about the products you like or youStep4:精講精練。1.It tastes terrible . 它嘗起來很糟。taste+形容詞，學(xué)起來有的味

16、道t like .The cake tastes st 這蛋糕嘗起來很甜。These pumpkins taste good .這些南瓜嘗起來很好。taste n. have a taste 嘗一嘗Would you like to have a taste ?你想嘗一嘗嗎？拓展taste 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，屬于系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作表語。類似的系動(dòng)詞用 look（看起來），sound（聽起來），smell（聞起來），get , turn ,e（變得）等。 如：His mother looks young .媽看起來很年輕。The trees turn green in spring .春天樹木變綠。

17、2. It didnt work 它不起作用.Workv.工作，用功They work from morning till night .他們從早工作到晚。v.（機(jī)器等）v.（藥物）失效The brake didnt work .剎車失靈。The medicine worked like.那藥有。v. 運(yùn)用Do you know how to work this machine ?你知道如何使用這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎？v.工作，勞動(dòng)，用功，是不可數(shù)名詞，其前不可加 a , many ,one ,two 等詞，但可以說 a piece of work ,some work . much work 等！n.作

18、品，著作 I read your latest work .我讀了你最近的著作。Step5: Fitting .一、. 單項(xiàng)選擇()1. The air pollution makes many people feel .A. happy)2. The watch IB. sickbought lastC. badD. good(k doesnt work well . So I have to have it repaired thisafternoon .A. do（選出可代替畫線部分的選項(xiàng)）B. walkC. windD. run()3. I love loud music , it m

19、akes me .A. tenseB. sadC. happyD. tiring()4. The movie made my daughter last night .A. to cryB. cryC. cryinghe clean-upD. cried()5. All the students jon .A. madeB. are made to C. were made D. made()6.Did you enjoy yourself with your boyfriend last night ?Well . He was really late .A.derful B. It kno

20、wC. sooner of laterD. yes and no()7. Steves mother is a good cook and she knows to make food .A. whatB. howC. whyD. when.D. be peaceful（ ）8. It is saidt red can make peopleA. get angry B. feel sadC. eat faster（ ）9. We should our country when we grow up .A. serveB. eatC. desfignD. lead（ ）10.Have you

21、had a Twisty Treat ?Yeah , And it made me sick .A. never. 連詞成句B. alreadyC. usuallyD. ever1.sheshemadeobjectedittoclearthetproal2. cryinghowstopbabycanyouthemake3. aboutdofeelyoupollutionhow4. while like IIeatingtoto music listen am quiet5. danceloudtomewantmusicmakes. 請用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We should solve

22、the problem with methods .（science）Be . There is a holeI met the of the local hohe road . (care). （own）4. His father died of a disease .(mystery)Dean is a really She has hair . (shine)to have around when things go wrong .(use)I had this dres made for the wedding .(silk)Usually a child has skin . (si

23、lk)請寫出你的感悟Section B 3a-4s few wants1.Teachers words: He is rich 2.Learning aims:(1) The using of “make”(2)Talk about a place you know . 3.Learning steps :Step 1. Translate the words and phrases .(1)星團(tuán)，幻覺(2);活動(dòng)(3)瞄準(zhǔn)；對準(zhǔn)（ 4）特定地；特殊地（5）例子；實(shí)例（6）列舉，列表（7）令人困惑的；含糊不清的 （8）令人誤解的；的（9）事實(shí)；（10）贊成與 （11）有時(shí)，偶爾（12）首先（1

24、3）例如；比如Step 2 . Read 3a and answer the questions .Step 3 . Groupwork .l your group about a place you know .Your classmates try to guess the place .Stp4.Do . part 4Step 5 . Explain .1.aim 是動(dòng)詞。意為“瞄準(zhǔn)，對準(zhǔn)”，常與介詞 at 連用，意為“針對，瞄準(zhǔn)”。（1）他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)了一只兔子。Aim 還可做名詞，意為“目標(biāo)，目的”。（1）你學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)是什么？2.some others意為“一些另一些”。（1）他們放學(xué)后

25、是的，一些正在踢足球，另一些正在做。somethe others 是指圈定了范圍當(dāng)中的一些和另一些。（1）他們正在種樹，一些在挖坑，另一些在澆水。3. compare 是動(dòng)詞，意為“比較，對照”。他比較了這兩件外套，最后決定買便宜的那一個(gè)。拓展：comparewith . 意為“把與相比較，指同類事物相比”。（1）請把這本詞典與那本詞典作比較。Compareto 意為“把比作”，不同事物相比較。（1）知識(shí)常被比喻成海洋。4. have sales 意為“甩賣，特價(jià)銷售”Ads alsol you when stores have sales .你也可以從上獲得商品降價(jià)的信息。On sale 意

26、為“出售，上市”。這種新電腦可能明年上市。5. confuse 是動(dòng)詞，意為“，辯不清”，常與 with 連用，意為“把混同”。（1）你把 these 和 those 混同了。6. mislead 是動(dòng)詞，意為“把引錯(cuò)方向，給帶錯(cuò)路”，該詞的反義詞為lead ,lead to 導(dǎo)致，導(dǎo)向（1）勤奮工作導(dǎo)向成功。Step 6 . Exercises .一、選擇1. Ads (be) great , but you must be careful with them .2. Whyt youl him the (true) ?3. What can lead you （make） such a d

27、eci?4. The (quality )of the products are most important .5. Some stores have(sale)very often , and most customers get used tot .6. This kind of bike is aimed(specific)at children .7. Others hate ads ,(say)t they make themfortable .8. You can use Easy Care Shampoo . It works (real)well .：Unit13 Self

28、CheckTeachers words : Beve yourself , you are the best .Date Learning Aims (學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo))(1)(2)(3)Master the words and phraseshis unit .Master the language pos of this part .Master the use of “make” correctly .Learning steps .Step 1 Revise the knowledgeRevise the key pos of last class . Translate the follow

29、ing words and phrasesList leadcomparekeep out tasteStep2. Finish part 1 Fill in each blTask 1 Translate the sentenwith the correct word given .1. I need a new jacket . This one doesnt keep out the cold.2.Customerssaythefoodattherestauranttastesterrible3. When priare listed , you can go to the store

30、with lowest pric.4. Working hard at English can lead to a good job .5.Wait before you buyt watch . Lets compare priin another store .Step 3Finish Part 2 Read the story .Find out feeling words at different times during the day .Step 4 Explain some pos1. wait 等待,等候拓展wait a minute 請稍等 wait for 等待,等候Ill

31、 wait for you at the school gate .Wait for sb ./ sh .to do 等待做某事/等候某事的來臨.Would you please wait for me to get ready ?2.either 用于否 句中，也不He is not a worker , I am not a worker , either .拓展either 還可用作adj./pron .表示兩者中的任何一方。 Sit on either side .隨便坐哪一邊.Either of the days is OK .兩天里哪一 都行。Either adj .時(shí)，還含有各的

32、意思。=each of two There are shops on either side (on both sides)兩邊都有商店。eitheror要麼要麼或者或者。He is either at school or at home .他或者在學(xué)校里或者在家里。3.I had fotten to bring it with me .t made me annoyed with myself .fet to do 忘記去做某事。Fetng 做過某事卻忘記了。Remember to do要做某事 rememberng 記得做過某事。t fet to bring me the book .Re

33、member to lock the door when you go out .4.be annoyed with sb .for / at sth .因某事而對 Step 5 Summary 1 make sb . adj . make sb .do sth . Step 6 Fitting（一）根據(jù)句意和首字母完成單詞。生氣。1. He fot to leave his son anwhen he left home .2. What made her awith us ?about “the art of giving”3 . Have you read the book w4. I

34、like gifts , e thoseve some thought behind them .5. Take care of your twhen you get on a bus .（二）用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(hear)from him is a great surprise for me .Are you ready ? The plane will (take off)in a minute .This is really (surprise)news for all of us . We cant beve with our own ars .How do the awful

35、pictures make you (feel)How many English (say) do you know ?6.t made him (annoy) with his parents .7. When priStep 7are (list) , you can go the store with the lowest price .Step 8 學(xué)習(xí)感悟Section A 1a2c of Unit 14. Date :.Teachers words : Actions speak louder.Learning Aims :1. Learn some words and phras

36、es of this partn words .Can listen to some conversations and write the answers correctly .Use the present perfect tense to talk about recent events . Learning Steps :Step 1 Revison of the words and phrases1.游泳衣2.給花澆水3.完冰箱4.把它放進(jìn)車庫5.鎖上車庫6.完成了大部分工作7.馬上8.喂過貓9.關(guān)掉收音機(jī)把照相機(jī)裝進(jìn)包在/手提箱Step 2 Finish 1 b and 1cLis

37、ten and make conversations with the informationshe text .Step 3 . Finish 2a&2bListen and write M or T .2. Listen again and match the questions below wiStep 4 Finish 2c Pairworkn answer from 2a .Role play the conversations betStep 5 Explain1. bathing suitn A and B .bathing suit 動(dòng)名詞作定語，修飾名詞，如 singing

38、lesson running star swimming pool 另外 bathing 做名詞，意為“游泳，”。The bathing here is safe . Hes fond of bathing . I have bought a bathing suit .Take a bath 他每天早晨洗冷水澡Give sb . a bath2. street map過去總是每周給孩子洗兩次澡。street map 名詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，一般只將被修飾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如girlstudents shoe shops furniture stores egg noodles .但是變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，

39、將 man 或 woman與修飾的名詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) three men doctors two women shopkeepers3. Have you fed the cat yet ?feed to fee“用喂”“把喂給”Have you fed the animals ?He fed sheep on/ with grass . He fed grass to sheep .4. I have already put ity suitcase .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語如“already/ never/ ever/ just /before/ yet/so far /he

40、last/past ten years .”等e.g.1)我已經(jīng)做完了大部分工作。(already)2)他們剛剛到達(dá)。(just)3)我曾經(jīng)去過。(ever)4) 我以前見過他。（before）put on put up put off put downput awayHe put some moneyhe wallet .I put my food He put his bookst in a minute .he fridge .he desks .5 I willin a minute .意思為“一會(huì)兒，馬上”，“in+時(shí)間段”，用于將來時(shí)態(tài)中，表示“多久之后” My parents w

41、ill return in half a month .Well finish our workwo days .My sons birthday iswoks time .6 Have you turned off your radio ?turn on turn off turn up turn down 他一到家就開電視記著把它關(guān)了請關(guān)燈當(dāng)你離開時(shí)。 Step 6 Sum up 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Students (l)to listen carefully in class .They (have) an exam next Friday .Mr Li (be) to Amer

42、ica three times .If it (not rain) tomorrow , we will plant treesStop (talk). Its time for class .he park .Grammar Focus&3a4 of section A of Unit 14. Date : . Teachers words :NO pains , no gains . Learning Aims :1. Master the words and phraseshis unit . 2. Master the language po this part .3. Can use

43、 the present perfect tense . Learning Steps :s ofstep 1 Learn the new words .Read the new words three times .step 2 Finish the following words .砍木材點(diǎn)燃 井農(nóng)場不管怎樣Step 3 . Finish grammar focusRead and translate the sentenStep 4 . Finish 3ain grammar focus .Read theExplamessage and underline the different

44、chores .he language pos .1)Sorry I couldnt get back to you sooner .get back to sb= write back to sbI will get back to my mother .getbact=be back = come backcome back in a minute .When did you get back to school from your holiday .Soon 可置與句 、句中、有時(shí)也中放句首。放在 be 之后。Soon her mother will go to Europe. I ha

45、ve to go home very soon .The sooner , the better .2)I have so many chores to do today .so many chores 意為“許多工作”so 如此這樣用為修飾形容詞中副詞。Such 做形容詞“如此的，這樣的”用來修飾名詞。但與 many much few little 連用時(shí)只能用 so 不能用 suchso many +可數(shù)名詞。e.g.I have so muchto do .Have something to do 有事要做have nothing to do 無事可做have nothing to do

46、 with 與無關(guān)I have nothing to do every day .This kind of thing has nothing to do with me .3) I started about an hour ago ,but I havent finished .finish sthWhen are you going to finish your?finishng sthThey will finish talkingen minutes .4)Then I have to take the dog for a walk , water my moms plants an

47、d dosome shop翻譯短語.讀書作飯打掃衛(wèi)生洗衣服購物去滑冰5) I havent with me .e any of these things yet because my grandfather came to chatyet 是副詞，“還不”，用與疑問句時(shí)意為“已”，用于肯定句時(shí)為“到目前為止”。Has he come yet ? No , not yet .This is the biggest understandground lake yet discovered . Chat about sthThey chat about Toms behavior .chat wit

48、h/ to sbMy friend Liuoften comes to chat to me . I also like chatting with her .start = begin 后跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式跟動(dòng)名詞說明動(dòng)作將持續(xù)下去，跟不定式只表動(dòng)作的開始。Start 用與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或賓語是表示心理激動(dòng)時(shí)，這些詞本身就有延續(xù)性，不能用動(dòng)名詞，只能用不定式。She is starting to feelgry .collect watercollect 收集，集中He collected the children from school .I tried to collect my thought

49、s .Step 4 Groupwork finish 3b&4 Step 5 當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. you your breakfast ?Yes , I iA. Did; have; hadschool .B. Have;had;hadC. Have ; had ; have hadD. Did; have; have had2. Mom , I must go to school at once . By the way , I the cat .A. have fedB. fedC. will feedD. am feeding3. I have watered the plants

50、 but I havent fed the cat .A. yet ; yetB. yet ; alreadyC. already ; alreadyD. already ; yet4. Ill clean out the refrigerator .A. just nowB. after a momentC. in a minuterD. yet5.Every day my mother has to do .A. so many houseworkB. suany choresC. so much choresD. so much housework二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I(s

51、end) anfor help but nobody has got back to me yet .Do you have many chores (do)today ?School (start) at eight and ends at twelve .Whos (chat) ? Lets stop to have class . you (buy)a travel guidebook? No , not yet .6. I(t hours ago .7. They (not come) back yet .8 .Students (l )to listen carefully in c

52、lass .Section B(1a-2c)of Unit 14. Date :. Teachers words : God help those who help themselves .（自助者天助之） . Learning Aims :Can answer some questionsCan listen to a conversation and write the answers correctly . Learning Steps :Step 1 . Words and phrases spelling of reading ..你最喜愛的樂隊(duì)2.寫出歌曲錄制唱片4.

53、 獲獎(jiǎng) 舉辦音樂會(huì)6.許多次音樂會(huì)的數(shù)量Step 2 Answer the following questions :.What is your favorite band ?Have you seen them in concert yet ?When did youhear them ?Who is your favorite band member ?Step 3 Finish 2a&2b1.A record agent isband .erviewing members of a band . Listen and fillhe information about the

54、2.Listen again . Check ()the things the band has alreadye .Step 4 Finish 2c Pairwork . Ask and answer questions about your favorite band . Step 5 Explanation :Number of concerts theyvee . (1) number of 相當(dāng)于 the number of ,意為“的數(shù)字，數(shù)目”，一般后面接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，number 是句中真正的主語，由介詞 of 引出的短語是修飾 number 的定語其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： The

55、number of the studentshis class is fifty .The number of books in our school library is moren 10 000 . (2)與 the number of 相近的詞是a number of . a number of 意為“許多，大量”，相當(dāng)于 many a lot of 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，做主語時(shí)，謂中動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（許多學(xué)生在操場上玩）have gone abroad .（許多學(xué)生出國了）are missing from the library . （選擇：How many students are

56、there in your school ? the students in our school over two thousand .館有一些書不見了）A. The number of , isA large number of studentsB. The number of , areC. A number of , ishis school from the countryt . They work very hard .2.an awardwin 后面不接表示“人或隊(duì)”的詞，只能接表示“如果賓語是表示人的名詞，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞 beat（擊敗）”，比賽等意思的詞；（1）Hea prize

57、.(2)(誰在賽跑中獲勝)（3）Finally we the enemy .（最后Step 5 Practice in class一、單項(xiàng)選擇：打敗了敵人）1. Jims family is going back to England . His father is afraidt Jim will his lessons .A. loseB. missC. dropD. fall2. Hurry up ! The play for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began3. Now they play their

58、 own songs .A. mostlyB.mostC. muchD.more4. When they were young , theyA. used to travellingC. were used to travelaround from place to place .B.used to travelD.are used to travellingWe hope A.are offA profest we a great sucs .B. are oromC.are off toD.are off inal athlete can make losts of money . The

59、y always give their money a charityhomeless children .A. for ; forB. from ; fromC. to ; toD. to ; for7. Be sure them . A. to not missB. not to missC. miss to notD. miot to8. Have you the new song Zhou jie.A. heard ; of二、單詞釋義B. heard ;fromC. heard ; aboutD. hear ; fromg a book which gives a descripti

60、on for a place , for the use of visitors .r a place where the temperature is low .g a place where cars are kept . 4. l make a fire5. va plamallern a town 6. f the workplace ormers三、根據(jù)句意及漢語提示寫出空缺單詞的正確形式：1. I have already written 10 (詩).2. The band has already written (的)songs .3. Would you like to th