筆記本電腦的緩沖(防震)包裝設計

1、摘要隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速增長 ，生活頻率的加快，電腦發(fā)揮的作用越來越重要。由于筆記本電腦具有體積小、重量輕、攜帶方便等優(yōu)點，其便攜性和備用電源更使移動辦公成為可能，因此越來越受用戶推崇，市場需求量迅速增長。但筆記本電腦屬于電子類產(chǎn)品在運輸及銷售環(huán)節(jié)中可能會受到外界的沖擊或震蕩，對其質(zhì)量和外觀造成一定的破壞。為了防止這種情況發(fā)生，應對筆記本電腦進展系統(tǒng)的緩沖防震包裝設計，其包括：緩沖包裝設計、防震設計、外包裝尺寸設計。做好緩沖包裝設計應首先確定產(chǎn)品的尺寸等數(shù)據(jù)，做出產(chǎn)品脆值估計，然后選擇適宜的緩沖材料。計算出緩沖襯墊的尺寸，最后判斷設計的合理性。防震包裝設計那么應考慮到包裝系統(tǒng)(外包裝襯墊內(nèi)裝產(chǎn)品

2、)的固有頻率，加速度值在產(chǎn)品許用脆值范圍內(nèi)。外包裝尺寸設計應先選擇適宜的包裝材料，設計其厚度，再根據(jù)被包裝的尺寸，計算出其內(nèi)尺寸、制造尺寸、外尺寸。因此選擇適合的緩沖包裝材料與構造、計算出準確的尺寸對于緩沖襯墊和外包裝箱的設計是非常重要的。本文是在確定設計對象的尺寸、重量和流通環(huán)境等一系列的條件的根底上，針對筆記本電腦進展了系統(tǒng)的緩沖包裝設計。關鍵詞:筆記本電腦；緩沖包裝設計；防震包裝設計AbstractAs Chinas rapid economic growth, the acceleration of the frequency of life, the role of the comp

3、uter more and more important. As the laptop has a small size, light weight and easy to carry, etc., and its portability and standby power mobile office makes it possible, so more and more respected by the users, the rapid growth of market demand. But notebook computers are electronic products and sa

4、les in the transport chain may be subject to external shocks or shocks to their quality and appearance of a certain degree of damage caused. To avoid this from happening, the notebook computer system to deal with the buffer (earthquake) packaging design,Include: the design of cushioning packaging, s

5、hock-proof design, package design size. Do a good job in the design of cushioning packaging products should first determine the size of such data, the estimated value to product crisp, and then choose a suitable buffer material. To calculate the size of the buffer pad, and finally to determine the r

6、easonableness of the design. Shockproof taken into account should be packaging design packaging system (packaging - liner - containing products) of the natural frequency, acceleration values allowable in the product range of crisp values. Package size should be designed to select the appropriate pac

7、kaging materials, design of its thickness, and then in accordance with Packaged size, to calculate its size, creating dimensions, outside dimensions. So choose a buffer with the structure of packaging materials, calculate the exact size of the buffer pad and outer box design is very important. This

8、article is designed to identify objects in the size, weight and flow of a series of conditions of the environment on the basis of 12.1 inches notebook computer for a systematic design of cushioning packaging.Key words: Notebook computers; cushioning packaging design; packaging design earthquake筆記本電腦

9、的緩沖防震包裝設計概述緩沖包裝又稱防震包裝，在各種包裝方法中占有重要的地位。產(chǎn)品從生產(chǎn)出來到開場使用要經(jīng)過一系列的運輸、保管、堆碼和裝卸過程，置于一定的環(huán)境之中。在任何環(huán)境中都會有力作用在產(chǎn)品之上，并使產(chǎn)品發(fā)生機械性損壞。為了防止產(chǎn)品遭受損壞，就要設法減小外力的影響，所謂緩沖包裝就是指為減緩內(nèi)裝物受到?jīng)_擊和振動，保護其免受損壞所采取的一定防護措施的包裝。應用于電子業(yè)、直銷業(yè)、汽車零部件、航空零部件、精細儀器儀表、軍工、模特、箱包、電開工具、制藥、化裝品、工藝品、陶瓷、玻璃、線路板、燈飾、連接器、運輸過程中所有易損品、郵購、物流等。筆記本電腦屬于電子類的產(chǎn)品在運輸過程中很容易受到?jīng)_擊或震蕩而造成

10、機械性損壞，考慮到緩沖包裝有減緩外力沖擊使其質(zhì)量和外觀不造成損壞的功能，故筆記本電腦應用緩沖包裝是十分重要的。第一章 緩沖包裝的設計流程一、緩沖包裝設計首先確定別包裝產(chǎn)品的尺寸及重量等，然后做別包裝產(chǎn)品的脆值估計，確定脆值之后是為被包裝產(chǎn)品選擇適合的緩沖包裝材料，再由產(chǎn)品脆值等數(shù)據(jù)通過式A= WG / rm、T= Cmin H / G計算出緩沖襯墊的尺寸，再根據(jù)克斯特那經(jīng)歷公式Amin (1.33T)2判斷現(xiàn)有包裝構造的合理性和可靠性。二、防震包裝設計首先通過公式計算出包裝系統(tǒng)(即外包裝襯墊內(nèi)裝產(chǎn)品)的固有頻率，再根據(jù)計算出包裝系統(tǒng)最大振動傳遞率，最后根據(jù)振動加速度頻率曲線圖確定是否設計是否符

11、合防振要求。三、外包裝尺寸設計首先選擇適宜的外包裝材料-瓦楞紙板，由公式及表1可以得出紙板的厚度，由公式及表2得出紙箱的內(nèi)尺寸，由X = X1 + K(8)、F = B1/2 + X1 (9)及表3、4、5得出瓦楞紙箱的制造尺寸，再由X0 = Xmax + K10及表6得出瓦楞紙箱的外尺寸第二章 筆記本電腦的緩沖包裝設計一、緩沖包裝設計1、緩沖包裝設計的要求本文選擇的設計對象是聯(lián)想電腦公司生產(chǎn)的12.1寸筆記本電腦，其重量為kg，尺寸2682372lmm，該產(chǎn)品試驗脆值為70g(測定一般有兩種方法：脆值實驗法與經(jīng)歷估算法)。其裝卸搬運環(huán)節(jié)一般以機械為主裝卸過程中能滿足O9m的高度跌落，采用空運

12、方式運輸。2、緩沖防震設計產(chǎn)品流通過程中緩沖防振的目的是為了保證從緩沖襯墊傳輸?shù)缴唐飞系臎_擊加速度值小于導致商品破壞的脆值，同時使緩沖襯墊所產(chǎn)生的固有頻率不超過導致商品破壞的臨界共振頻率，并避開運輸工具的振動頻率。3、緩沖包裝材料的種類及性能(1)發(fā)泡聚苯乙烯EPS(Expanded Polystyrene)即發(fā)泡聚苯乙烯，它是一些特殊的發(fā)泡結晶聚苯乙烯珠粒制成，一般由苯乙烯單體、引發(fā)劑、分散劑、水、發(fā)泡劑及其他助劑經(jīng)聚合后得到含發(fā)泡劑的樹脂，它是目前使用最多的一種緩沖材料。聚苯乙烯是質(zhì)硬、脆、透明、無定形的熱塑性塑料。聚苯乙烯沒有氣味，燃燒時冒黑煙。聚苯乙烯易于染色和加工，吸濕性低，尺寸穩(wěn)定

13、性、電絕緣性能和熱絕緣性能極好。聚苯乙烯的透光率為87%92%，其透光性僅次于有機玻璃。聚苯乙烯毒性極低，屬于比擬平安的塑料品種。聚苯乙烯大分子主鏈上帶有體積較大的苯環(huán)側(cè)鏈，是的大分子的內(nèi)旋受阻，故柔順性較差，且不易結晶，屬線性無定形聚合物。它具有閉孔構造，吸水性小，有優(yōu)良的抗水性；密度小，一般為0.0150.03；機械強度好，緩沖性能優(yōu)異;加工性好，易于模塑成型；著色性好，溫度適應性強，抗放射性優(yōu)異等優(yōu)點。但燃燒時會放出污染環(huán)境的苯乙烯氣體。發(fā)泡聚苯乙烯廣泛用于各種精細儀器、儀表、家用電器的緩沖包裝、食品包裝以及鮮魚的活體包裝箱等，還可用于保溫及低發(fā)泡片材制作一次性使用的快餐盒、盤。聚苯乙烯

14、薄膜經(jīng)拉伸處理后，耐緩沖強度差的缺點得到改善，可制成熱收縮膜，用于食品的收縮包裝。(2)可發(fā)性聚乙烯EPEExpand aple poly ephylene即可發(fā)性聚乙烯，又稱珍珠棉, 閉孔式微孔熱塑性材料。有交聯(lián)和不交聯(lián)兩種。是一種具有高強緩沖吸震抗震能力的新型環(huán)保包裝材料。它采用丁烷發(fā)泡成形并參加兩種輔料，工業(yè)或醫(yī)用級超細滑石料和食品級的抗縮劑-單甘油脂，整個生產(chǎn)過程為物理變化，所以EPE是無毒的。所有的輔料在聚乙烯中形成獨立的氣泡和細密的氣泡構造，使得EPE具有較高的彈性，且富有韌性而不脆，能通過彎曲來吸收和分散外來的撞擊力，到達緩沖的效果。是目前世界上比擬先進的保護性內(nèi)裝材料。 EPE

15、外表柔和，外觀潔白、悅目，由于是完全獨立氣泡體，因此具有質(zhì)輕、隔熱、防水、防潮、防震、隔音、耐腐蝕性；抗老化能力強，具有很好的加工性，參加靜電劑的粉紅色EPE原料，還具有顯著的防靜電功能；與PO薄膜、鋁膜、編織品等材料貼合，還可以增加其撕裂強度和防紫外線功能。 因EPE具有很好的加工性能，只要工藝合理，包裝制品生產(chǎn)便于大規(guī)模作業(yè)；因其質(zhì)輕使得包裝產(chǎn)品運輸費用大大降低；因其具有防震回彈性，使得產(chǎn)品包裝有很好的抗沖擊性，特別是屢次沖擊緩沖效果幾乎保持不變。所以，EPE在產(chǎn)品包裝方面得到廣泛的運用，如電腦、電器、高檔傢俬、皮具、手袋及鞋業(yè)等。特別是高檔工藝品包裝，EPE與其它高檔裝飾布、絨布結合，具

16、有高貴、豪華的氣派，又不失其良好的抗沖擊震動保護效果，也是今后包裝高檔化開展的趨向。 EPE的環(huán)保特性，在世界已經(jīng)得到公認。EPE在生產(chǎn)過程中沒有其它化學成份產(chǎn)生，廢棄的EPE可回收造料再利用，對環(huán)境無污染，符合環(huán)保標準。而EPS發(fā)泡膠破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀日益顯現(xiàn)出EPE在環(huán)保方面的優(yōu)勢。(3)聚氨酯泡沫塑料聚氨酯泡沫塑料是異氰酸酯和羥基化合物經(jīng)聚合發(fā)泡制成，按其硬度可分為軟質(zhì)和硬質(zhì)兩類，其中軟質(zhì)為主要品種。一般來說，它具有極佳的彈性、柔軟性、伸長率和壓縮強度；化學穩(wěn)定性好，耐許多溶劑和油類；耐磨性優(yōu)良，較天然海綿大20倍；還有優(yōu)良的加工性、絕熱性、粘合性等性能，是一種性能優(yōu)良的緩沖材料，但價格

17、較高。聚氨酯泡沫塑料一般只用于高檔精細儀器、貴重器械、高檔工藝品等的緩沖包裝或襯墊緩沖材料，也可制成精致的、保護性極好的包裝容器；還可采用現(xiàn)場發(fā)泡對物品進展緩沖包裝。(4)聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料是以聚氯乙烯樹脂為主體，參加發(fā)泡劑及其它添加劑制成，是一種使用較早的泡沫塑料。分硬質(zhì)和軟質(zhì)兩類，而以軟質(zhì)居多。它具有良好的機械性能和沖擊吸收性；是一種閉孔型柔軟的泡體；其密度在0.050.1gcm3之間；化學性能穩(wěn)定，耐腐蝕性強；不吸水，不易燃燒，價格廉價。但它的耐候性差，有一定毒性等。聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料是一種較普通的緩沖材料，可制成盒、箱等包裝容器，也可制成襯墊、襯板等，用以包裝一般物品。 (

18、5)聚丙烯泡沫塑料聚丙烯泡沫塑料是以聚丙烯樹脂為主體，參加發(fā)泡劑及其它添加劑制成。它機械強度較好，有優(yōu)良的抗拉強度、柔韌性和彈性摩擦系數(shù)大，耐磨性能好，有助于制止與其相接觸的光滑外表的滑動密度小，絕熱性優(yōu)良；無毒、無味等。但它對光的穩(wěn)定性差。聚丙烯泡沫塑料是一種性能優(yōu)良的緩沖材料，由于其對光潔外表的優(yōu)良保護性能，已廣泛用于家具、鑲板、高檔儀器和具有光潔面的金屬器具的緩沖包裝；也可作為熱食品的保溫包裝；還可制成襯墊、襯板等緩沖材料等。(6)瓦楞紙板瓦楞紙板是先將瓦楞原紙壓成瓦楞狀，再在兩面貼合箱板紙制成。它分單瓦楞和雙瓦楞兩類，每類分四種，每種又有不同的楞型。單瓦楞紙板由一層壓成瓦楞的原紙和兩層

19、箱板紙加工而成；雙瓦楞紙板那么由兩層壓成瓦楞的原紙、一層芯紙和兩層箱板紙加工而成。瓦楞紙板的瓦楞波紋好似一個個連接的拱形門，相互并列成一排，相互支撐，形成三角構造體，具有較好的機械強度，從平面上也能承受一定的壓力，并富于彈性，緩沖作用好；它可根據(jù)需要制成各種形狀大小的襯墊或容器，比塑料緩沖材料要簡便、快捷；受溫度影響小，遮光性好，受光照不變質(zhì)，一般受濕度影響也較小，但不宜在濕度較大的環(huán)境中長期使用，這會影響其強度。瓦楞紙板是一種價格較低，應用十分廣泛的緩沖材料，它可以制成各種特定形狀的襯墊、襯板，用于各種物品的緩沖包裝，也可制成各種大小的包裝箱、盒、匣等。(7)氣墊薄膜氣墊薄膜是用一種特殊工藝

20、，在兩層塑料薄膜之間封入空氣，在一面形成一個個突出的均勻連續(xù)的氣泡，氣泡的形狀主要有圓筒形、半圓形和鐘罩形。氣墊薄膜中由于封入了大量空氣，因此具有良好的彈性和隔熱性；它密度很小，在0.0080.03之間；不吸潮，耐腐蝕，且不腐蝕被包裝物；加工性能好，易于制成各種形狀，能熱封，能吸收沖擊能量，有優(yōu)良的緩沖性能。但它不適于包裝重量較大，負荷集中的鋒利物品，以免壓破或刺破氣泡而使其失去緩沖作用。氣墊薄膜可以制成各種形狀大小的袋、套、墊、筒等容器，廣泛用于藥品、工藝品、儀器、儀表等物品的包裝。同時它是目前唯一透明的緩沖材料，因此常用于銷售包裝。(8)散裝材料散裝材料亦叫無定形材料，其種類較多，主要有塑

21、料絲、紙絲、木絲、泡沫塊、草類等。它們來源廣泛，價格低廉，且多是就地取材，緩沖效果也不錯。在使用時，可將散裝材料填充在被包裝物品的底部或空隙中，多進展一般的，重量不太大的物品包裝。4、緩沖設計緩沖包裝設計要解決以下問題：選擇適當?shù)木彌_材料并確定其尺寸；判斷現(xiàn)有包裝構造的合理性和可靠性。緩沖材料確定，目前普遍用于電腦緩沖包裝的是發(fā)泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)與發(fā)泡聚乙烯(EPE)， 由上述可見發(fā)泡聚乙烯的性能好于發(fā)泡聚苯乙烯故綜合考慮決定使用聚乙烯泡沫塑料(比重為O.032g/cm3)作為設計的緩沖材料。緩沖材料的尺寸計算:A= WG / rm 1T= Cmin H / G 2式中：A一緩沖襯墊面積；W

22、一產(chǎn)品重量；G一產(chǎn)品脆值或沖擊加速度；rm材料最大應力；T一緩沖襯墊厚度；Cmin一緩沖系數(shù)；H一等效跌落高度；如圖l所示，為發(fā)泡聚乙烯的緩沖系數(shù)一最大應力曲線。在本次設計中，參數(shù)W為23 kg，G為70g，H為90cm。在曲線圖中作一條水平線，那么切點的縱坐標對應最小緩沖系數(shù)值Cmin為56，而橫坐標就對應最大應力值rm為017x105Pa 圖1由公式12得緩沖氣墊的厚度面積為：T= Cmin H / GT= Cmin H / G90/70 = 7.2 (cm)A= WG / rm = 12370105 = 496.3 (cm2 )由于緩沖襯墊是由兩塊一樣的緩沖墊組成每塊襯墊的承載面積為s

23、= 2485cm2撓度校核：襯墊尺寸的面積與厚度之比小于一時，襯墊容易撓曲或變彎。大大降低襯墊的負重能力。為了防止撓曲。其中最小承載面積Amin。與厚度之比應符合以下規(guī)定(克斯特那經(jīng)歷公式)：Amin (1.33T)2式中T厚度，cm ；Amin 面積，cm2 ；那么S最小承載 =248.5 cm27.2)2=91.7 cm2由公式3可判定，襯墊不會彎曲。跌落姿勢的校核：在襯墊根底設計中所引用的一系列試驗特性曲線和數(shù)據(jù)都是以假定的理想姿態(tài)(試驗平直，底面著地)為前提的，但襯墊的實際工況遠非標準姿態(tài)。實際的流通過程中。包裝件跌落姿態(tài)千變?nèi)f化有角著地的面著地還有棱著地的。受力情況變化較大因而有必要

24、對根本設計尺寸作相應的調(diào)整。由于角著地時其對產(chǎn)品的沖擊能力最大，因此需對角著地進展校核。當角著地時，承載面積為此襯墊的三個緩沖面在水平面上的投影面積計算此面積可通過以下公式： 圖2發(fā)泡聚乙烯的動態(tài)緩沖特性曲線式中Ae等效投影面積；L產(chǎn)品的長；b產(chǎn)品的寬；d產(chǎn)品的高；k系數(shù)；這里取k值為1；由公式4得紙箱在進角跌落時的承載；A=2 此時靜應力：r=W/Ae=0.06(kg/cm2),結合圖2得，靜應力為/cm2對應的最大加速度定小于產(chǎn)品的脆值70g，因此基于面跌落設計的緩沖墊滿足角跌落的要求，只要通過了角沖擊校核，就一定能滿足棱沖擊的要求，所以整個設計過程中沒有進展緩沖擊校核。二、防震包裝設計

25、防振設計的目的在于調(diào)節(jié)包裝件的固有頻率，并且通過選擇恰當?shù)淖枘岵牧?，把包裝系統(tǒng)(即外包裝襯墊內(nèi)裝產(chǎn)品)對振動的傳遞率控制在預定的范圍內(nèi)。圖3振動加速度頻率曲線式中：fn產(chǎn)品的固有頻率；k為緩沖材料的彈性系數(shù)：m為產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。聚乙烯的k值。為：3.34105kg/cm2故由系統(tǒng)的固有頻率：fn=26Hz。單自由度包裝系統(tǒng)在受迫振動條件下振動的相應傳遞率公式：式中：Tr傳遞率；f激振頻率，Hz；k包裝系統(tǒng)固有頻率，Hz；阻尼比；c為阻尼系數(shù)該包裝材料的阻尼系數(shù)為8.03，那么由公式(5)得系統(tǒng)最大振動傳遞率為Tr=509。根據(jù)圖3空運飛機的振動頻譜圖頻率為26Hz時對應的加速度ar=2.5g，所以產(chǎn)

26、品的相應加速度a=Trar=12.7g小于產(chǎn)品的許用脆值70g。因而符合防振要求。三、外包裝尺寸設計1、包裝材料的選擇瓦楞紙板因無污染、可再生、具有良好的緩沖性能等優(yōu)點在運輸包裝中得到廣泛應用，本設計也采用此材料設計外包裝。對于筆記本電腦的包裝一般是用單體包裝的本設計選標準箱型020l型為了保持側(cè)面的印刷面不被破壞接頭設計與側(cè)面連接由于筆記本電腦重量輕。故實際中可使用膠黏劑粘合接頭。按照GBT65441999標準規(guī)定UV形瓦楞紙板分為A、C、B和E型四種。A楞型的紙箱承受平面壓力性能比B和C楞型差，但其承受垂直壓力性能較高：B楞型的瓦楞低又密故耐垂直壓力性能較差但平面耐壓性能較高；c楞型性能，

27、介于A和B楞型之間既具有良好的緩沖保護性能，又具有一定的剛性：E楞型的紙板具有重雖輕、緩沖性能好、平面抗壓強度好等特點，利于直接進展印刷，綜合考慮，由于本設計對象筆記本電腦再流通過程中是堆碼運輸，因此對其紙箱要求要有較強的平面耐壓性能；此外，電腦是高精細產(chǎn)品，所以對緩沖墊的要求較高一般不承當了電腦的緩沖要求。即外包裝無須承當緩沖功能所以綜合考慮選擇B單瓦楞紙板設計。2、瓦楞紙板的厚度設計瓦楞紙板的厚度是瓦楞設計中一個非常重要的因素，不僅決定著瓦楞紙箱的尺寸。而且影響到瓦楞紙箱的強度。一般是原紙厚度與瓦楞高度之和。瓦楞紙板厚度計算公式如下：式中：t瓦楞紙半實際厚度；tn內(nèi)、外面紙與夾心紙的厚度；

28、tmax瓦楞紙芯的厚度；thn瓦楞輥的高度；d瓦楞紙板制造過程中的厚度損失。在通常設計時參考表1，得出本次紙板厚度為。 表1 瓦楞紙板計算厚度楞型紙板厚度楞型紙板厚度楞型紙板厚度AAAABBBBACCCCBCE3、外包裝尺寸設計由于是單體包裝，就無須考慮排列方式了，所以其尺寸計算公式為：Xi紙箱的內(nèi)尺寸；T緩沖件的厚度；k內(nèi)尺寸修正系數(shù)。表2 瓦楞紙箱內(nèi)尺寸修正系數(shù)L1B1H1小型箱中型箱大型箱3-73-71-33-45-7取KL=5mm；KB=5mm；KH=4mm；又Lmax=268mm；Bmax=237mm；Hmax=21mm；T=72mm；故由公式7得紙箱的內(nèi)尺寸為：417mm386mm

29、169mm，再由以下公式可以得到其制造尺寸：X = X1 + K (8)F = B1/2 + X1 (9)式中：X瓦楞紙箱長、寬、高制造尺寸；X1紙箱內(nèi)尺寸；K制造尺寸修正系數(shù)；F紙箱對接搖蓋寬度；B1紙箱非結合端面制造尺寸；X1搖蓋拉長系數(shù)。表3 02類單瓦楞紙箱制造尺寸修正系數(shù)mm名稱楞型L1L2B1B2HA64639B32326C53538E21213表4 瓦楞紙箱接頭尺寸J紙板構造單瓦楞雙瓦楞J35-4045-50表5 02類單瓦楞紙箱搖蓋伸長系數(shù)X1名稱楞型402050206A2-30-22-30-20-2B0-10-10-1CE000-100由表3、4、5得出K11=3；K12=2

30、；Kb1=3；Kb2=2；K=6；J=38；X1=2；所以由公式89，得瓦楞紙箱的制造尺寸；L1 = Li + K11 =420mm，L2 = Li + K12 =419mm；B1 = Bi+ Kb1 =389mm，B2 = Bi + Kb2 =388mm;H = Hi +K =175mm，F(xiàn) = B1/2+X1=197mm；再由以下公式可以得出其外尺寸：X0 = Xmax + K 10；式中：X0 瓦楞紙箱外尺寸；Xmax 紙箱最大制造尺寸；K紙箱外尺寸修正系數(shù)。表6 瓦楞紙箱外尺寸修正系數(shù)mm；楞型ABCEAABBCCABACBCK5-73-54-62-410-146-108-128-12

31、9-137-11表6為紙箱外尺寸修正系數(shù)值，由此得出K=4。所以由公式10得；瓦楞紙箱的外尺寸為：424mm393mm179mm；4、相關圖片圖4 緩沖襯墊結圖5 立體示意圖圖5 紙箱尺寸構造圖結論和建議隨著我國筆記本電腦市場的逐年擴大。我們必須高度重視筆記本電腦的運輸包裝時可能出現(xiàn)的問題。在考慮環(huán)境保護的前提下使用盡量少的包裝材料采用有效的包裝方法，保證筆記本電腦平安到達世界各地的用戶手中。雖然本文只是針對121英寸設計的但其設計思路卻可以應用到所有尺寸的筆記本電腦。當然，設計本身還存在一些問題：其一是本文按單自由度處理問題但理論上講。任何種產(chǎn)品都可以看作具有無限個自由度，即使僅考慮有限的幾

32、個脆弱元件很多物品包裝也必須按兩個或多個自由度處理才能提供合理的包裝設計。如果強行簡化成單自由度系統(tǒng)。就可能引起較大的誤差。其二是包裝箱的設計只考慮對貨物的容納而未考慮包裝箱制成后在集裝箱內(nèi)的裝載。因此，筆記本電腦的運輸包裝設計還需等待進一步研究。感謝感謝我的導師尹興，她嚴謹細致、一絲不茍的作風一直是我工作、學習中的典范；她循循善誘的教誨和不拘一格的思路給予我無盡的啟迪。 感謝蒙玉超同學對我的幫助和指點。沒有她的幫助和提供資料我不可能在短短三個月之內(nèi)完成我的畢業(yè)論文。參考文獻1彭國勛運輸包裝M北京：印刷工業(yè)出版社。19992馬庭，王一臨常用緩沖包裝材料靜態(tài)壓縮特性試驗研究J包裝工程2002，2

33、3(2)：3-63范文高運輸包裝設計手冊M北京：機械t業(yè)出版社19904周明硯，張峻嶺緩沖包裝設計理論的開展廈趨勢J包裝工程，2005，2l(2)：25285金海軍，張志勇緩沖包裝設計及其動態(tài)仿真模擬6徐煒峰,舒童.汽車配件的緩沖包裝設計J.包裝工程,2007,28(11)7張波濤,葉梁玉,劉朝陽等.EPE緩沖包裝優(yōu)化設計J.包裝工程,2006,27(6)8路冰琳.發(fā)泡聚乙烯緩沖材料的緩沖性能研究A.第十屆全國包裝工程學術會議交流論文集5.2006.9路冰琳.發(fā)泡聚乙烯緩沖材料的靜態(tài)壓縮緩沖曲線研究J.包裝工程,2007,28(2)10梅林玉.緩沖包裝構造設計淺析J.中國包裝,2007,27(

34、6)On the printing of paper packaging industry and environmental protectionEnvironmental protection is a basic national policy, but also the strategy of sustainable development and the achievement of an important guarantee for the modernization. Packaging and Printing, as the modern service industry

35、should also pay due attention to the protection of the environment, in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the national implementation of environmental programs. Heres the environmental impact of printing and measures, combined with some of the authors colleagues in the implementation

36、of exchanges with the industry.Packaging printing and the relationship between lifeAs we all know, todays society has developed to where the goods should be packaged, all packaging must be printed. Packaging printing is the most important means of decoration, one of the processing, printing messages

37、 to play to promote the role of product. At the same time, for some commodities, the printing of security also plays an important role. Today, more towards the printing of packaging to improve product quality and value-added direction. Because the momentum of fast development of the industry, the cu

38、rrent competitive market, companies compete to lower prices, from the cost of raw materials and accessories to find ways so easily lead to poor procurement, and other harmful environmental protection is not conducive to printing materials.In order to reduce costs in order to curb vicious competition

39、 and to harm the environment and pollution, we must first start with their own packaging printing enterprises.Economic development and the protection of the environment is the traditional economy to highlight the inevitable contradictions and solve the underlying contradictions, it is necessary in t

40、he development of the way as soon as possible from the traditional economy to circular economy shift from consumption to achieve sustainable consumption. Based on the packaging in the rapid development of the printing industry, we should pay attention to industry structure, efficiency and quality of

41、 co-ordination.To develop green packaging printing, is a circular economy in the packaging of specific performance of the printing industry is the development of circular economy and comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept of the essential requirement is to build resource-savi

42、ng society, and promote harmony between man and nature of the strong initiatives. Packaging & printing industry as a must from a strategic height to get to know, with the overall vision of the development of circular economy to grasp the importance and urgency to further enhance the consciousness an

43、d sense of responsibility. To develop green packaging printing, it is imperative!Packaging impact on the environment and the preventive measuresIn all aspects of the printing process, process not handled properly, will result in the problem of environmental pollution on the human body and the enviro

44、nment in order to have a negative impact, mainly reflected in:Air Pollution: ink solvent in the drying process of emissions of organic compounds, the alcohol solution of isopropyl alcohol moist, wireless hot-melt adhesives used in Binding, glossy coating of volatile gases pollute the air, etc., are

45、harmful to human health.Air pollution control strategies: the author mainly for water-based printing technology, flexible printing process, ink in order to control the volatile organic compounds of the phenomenon of air pollution, and always adhere to ISO14001 environmental management system certifi

46、cation standards, and all the waste ink container of all different types of disposal, misplacing all waste to prevent litter caused by environmental pollution. In production are printed with less sources of raw materials and auxiliary materials, mainly in the ink used on the strict. Synthesis of wat

47、er-based ink common, there are two: one is poisoned with the highest material and color rosin, starch synthesis.Such organic solvents in the ink of the more harmful to human health. The other is the synthesis of resin and water-based pigment inks, is also a high-grade ink. This kind of green environ

48、ment-friendly water-based ink containing organic substances and toxic substances are relatively low, compared to the staff and the environment against air and other pollution on the greatly reduced and is currently the most environmentally friendly raw materials, one of the printing, I Company 99% o

49、f the printed material the use of This material.Water pollution: the use of plate-making process of the etching solution and the electroplating wastewater containing heavy metals and other inorganic substances, ink washing liquid containing the organic emissions are caused by water pollution one of

50、the reasons, but also cause soil pollution.Water pollution control measures: The author is particularly focused on companies in this area of prevention, because the water is the basic things to survive, so a significant portion of funds invested in the construction of sewage treatment systems (inclu

51、ding pipelines and the engine room). Packaging & printing industrys largest and India the pollution is cleaned version of the waste oil and printer ink and cardboard waste adhesive agent starch synthase, the two sources of pollution such as emissions do not deal with directly, it will cause signific

52、ant water pollution. Because it contains two sources COD7000mg / L, SS (suspended solids) 1500mg / L, colority 550 times, PH value 6 9 of the sewage, so great harm.The author through the installation of sewage treatment system, all the sewage through the system to deal with multi-filtered water qual

53、ity standards, COD 100mg / L, SS (suspended solids) 70mg / L, chroma 50-fold, PH value of 3 4. Through the treated effluent recycling, water conservation to achieve good results in 90% of both energy saving and environmental protection work well, so that the company plant around 20 acres of the rive

54、r, fish ponds, 130 hectares of shrimp and crab Tong without any impact of the appreciation by the local villagers.Noise pollution: printing presses, air compressors and a variety of molding machines will have different levels of noise, the other binding equipment is also a great noise.Measures to co

55、ntrol noise pollution: the author PLC company-wide use of low-noise environment-friendly computer printers and lines and other molding equipment, including large-scale boiler gas motor and outfall have been special treatment, plant is closed mixed noise wall design, put an end to all the peripheral

56、equipment caused by noise pollution (including pollution lighting), and through the detection of environmental protection departments. Over the past few years in and around the village there is no occurrence of any environmental problems arising from conflicts, it is environmental protection and dev

57、elopment of enterprises, but also environmental protection work for the enterprise has brought real benefits,Also been many times higher levels of environmental protection department received.Printing process printed waste, waste pollution: loaded ink, glue, Varnish container litter pollution genera

58、ted, printed or test the waste generated and India, abandoned after the print on the environment pollution.Waste control measures: the printing process of the various specialized waste collection, for which the price of paper and other items for recycling, on film, plastic film, such as refractory m

59、aterial adverse impact on the environment by recycling garbage uniform resource recovery or landfill disposal.The most effective way is to avoid time in the first generation of waste. To reduce waste can help businesses reduce operating costs and maintain quality of the environment, reducing waste d

60、isposal costs, and improve workplace health and safety, to reduce the long-term responsibility to demonstrate good corporate image.The author has set up a corresponding mechanism to strengthen the management of waste reduction and guidance, so as far as possible, using non-polluting or less pollutin