英語非常規(guī)否定形式探究6200字

1、英語非常規(guī)否認形式探究6200字 摘要：英語句子中，除了在謂語局部進展否認之外，否認也常常出如今主語、賓語、狀語、賓語補足語等成分中，并且表現(xiàn)形式多樣，表現(xiàn)方法靈敏。有的使用否認副詞、否認形容詞構(gòu)成否認，有的使用半否認詞或通過帶有否認意義詞綴的詞表示否認，也有的句子形式是肯定的，含義卻是否認的，還有的句子中有兩個局部表示否認，但含義卻是肯定的。 畢業(yè)關(guān)鍵詞：否認形式；詞綴否認；雙重否認；否認轉(zhuǎn)移中圖分類號：H059文獻標志碼：A文章編號：1673-291X202201-0287-03一般來說，英語句子的否認是通過否認謂語局部來實現(xiàn)的。句子中有系動詞be、助動詞have，shall，will和情

2、態(tài)動詞can，may，must，should 構(gòu)成否認時，直接在這些詞系動詞、助動詞、和情態(tài)動詞之后加否認詞not / never / hardly等構(gòu)成否認句。凡句子中沒有系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞而謂語由實義動詞充當，構(gòu)成否認時要在謂語動詞前加助動詞do / does / did + not或hardly，seldom等半否認詞構(gòu)成。然而，在語言理論中，也會出現(xiàn)一些非常規(guī)的否認情況。一、否認的形式一用no + n.，none (+of n./ pron.，nothing或nobody作主語、賓語，not +adj.作賓補等形式構(gòu)成否認句例如：1No one in his class can

3、speak two foreign languages.2Nothing is hard in this world if you dare to scale the heights.3Time and tide wait for no man.4The judge declared him not guilty and set him free.二用含有否認意義詞綴的詞表示否認有時句子里不用否認詞，而是采用帶有否認意義詞綴的詞到達了否認效果，增加了語言表達的豐富性。常用的前綴有：an-無，非，不 anisometric 不等容的，counter-反，逆 counter-motion 反向運動

4、，de-減，反，去，解 depress 減壓，dis-無，不，失 disappear消失， im-不，無，非 impolite 不禮貌的，in-不，無，非，incorrect 不正確的，il-無，非，不illegal不合法的，mis-錯，誤misunderstand誤解，non-無，非，不 non-loaded 無負載的，un-無，非，不untrue 不真實的，under-缺乏，under-production消費缺乏；常用的后綴有：-free 無的dustfree 無塵的，-less 不的，無的limitless無限的。例如：1It is unwise to interfere betwee

5、n husband and wife.2What he said was extremely illogical.三沒有否認詞的否認有時一個句子中既沒有否認詞，又沒有含否認意義詞綴的詞，而是通過以下句式表達了否認的意思。1.fail+prep.；fail + to do，意為“未做，沒有做1He failed in this mathematics examination.2She said she would help us，but she failed to keep her promise.2.too + adj./adv.+ to do 意為“太而不在此構(gòu)造中，不定式短語表否認，全句的

6、重心在于否認。例如：1His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.2Light travels much too faster to be measured in this way.這里須注意，在上述句型中的too后，如形容詞是ready 甘心的，易于的，apt容易的，willing 樂意的，eager 熱心的，anxious 渴望的，急迫的，inclined喜歡的等，這時，該形容詞和后面的不定式組成一個不可分割的整體，具有肯定意義。例如：1He is too ready to talk.他太愛說話了。201d men are oft

7、en too apt to forget.老年人往往健忘。31 am too anxious to see you.我真想見你。3.某些v./adj./n.+from 構(gòu)造具有否認含義1Painting is the most mon way to protect metals from corrosion.不被腐蝕2When the machine is working，do keep away from it.不要靠近3We must take measures to be safe from pursuit.不被跟蹤4We hope that you will be able to ge

8、t freedom from annoyance.不再煩惱4.某些介詞短語具有否認含義above 在之上，引申義“不屑于，“不恥于；against 反，反對，轉(zhuǎn)義為“不利于，“違犯；below 在下，引申為“低于，“不配；beyond在之外，轉(zhuǎn)義為“超出，“沒料到；out of 在外，轉(zhuǎn)義為“有，“過。例如：1The newly bought book is beyond my prehension.我讀不懂2He has nothing to do with the matter，it is against reason to blame him.不合理3Mens self-control

9、is sometimes below womens.不及4The handicraft made in the small town is beyond all parison.無與倫比5In the first instance，increasing the temperature is out of the question.不可能5.句型“I dare you + to do意為“量你不敢I dare you to swim alone in this river. 二、否認的位置 一主語局部的否認主語局部的否認通常是在主語名詞或代詞前加上否認形容詞no或直接用否認代詞nobody，no

10、thing作主語，或用none of + n./pron.，neither of + n./pron.構(gòu)造，有時也用not放在主語前來表示，構(gòu)成了否認句。例如：1 No one dare say that to his face.2 None of the telephones is working here.3 Neither of them has ever had a university education.4 Not even his best friend knew she was going to do it.二賓語局部的否認該局部的否認一般是通過在賓語名詞前加上否認形容詞no構(gòu)

11、成的。例如：1 He thought it over，but could e to no conclusion.2This hovercraft needs no airport because it does not require a long runway for the takeoff.三狀語局部的否認狀語中的否認有以下幾種情況：1.without + n./pron./ v-ing;with + no + n./ pron.+ 1 Without your help，we would not have achieved so much.2 He worked all day with

12、out ever plaining.3 She left the country with no one to see her off.2.not + adv.+ 1He live not very far from the factory，so he often walks to work.2This bill must be paid not later than the middle of the month.3.not + 分詞短語/ 不定式短語1Not knowing how to get there，I went to ask a policeman.2I came in quie

13、tly in order not to wake you up.4.其他介詞短語中 What is worrying the world greatly now is a possible shortage of coal，oil，natural gas，or other sources of fuel in the not too distant future.四補足語中的否認1 George asked you not to wait for him any longer，for he has something else to do.2This proposal was generall

14、y considered not practical.三、否認的范圍一全部否認句子中的否認有時是否認全部，而有時那么只否認一局部。當句中出現(xiàn)否認代詞nobody，nothing，none，neither、否認形容詞no、或者否認副詞never，nowhere等時，一般為全部否認。例如：1She likes nobody and nobody likes her.2 No dogs are permitted here.3 The old lady went nowhere，just stay at home.二局部否認當all，both，every，everyone，everything，ev

15、erywhere，always，often，quite，entirely，wholly，altogether等詞語與否認式謂語連用時，不是否認整體，而是否認其中的一局部另一局部不包括在內(nèi)，這種情況為局部否認。 例如：1All that glitters is not gold.2I dont like both of the jackets.3Such a thing will not be found everywhere.4Forces do not always produce movement.5She does not often go to the readings-room.但須

16、注意：1有時句子中同時有all和not卻不表示局部否認，這要視情況而定。例如：All passengers not going to New York must change trains at the next stop. 2有時句中有always，every而無否認詞not，但出現(xiàn)了前綴具有否認意義的詞，這時仍為全部否認，例如：All atoms are invisible to the naked eye.三雙重否認雙重否認通常采用否認詞+帶有否認前綴的詞或否認意義的詞的方式表示，這樣做更加含蓄，而且可起到強調(diào)、突出重點的作用，但它表示的卻是肯定意義。例如：1He was not ele

17、cted director of our factory，this is not because he was incapable，but because he didnt want to.2It is not impossible that he has told it to someone else.3There is no one who does not know the secret.四、否認的轉(zhuǎn)移在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，如主句謂語是think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect，say，guess，feel，fancy，reckon 等表示“想、相信、設(shè)想、猜測的動詞，且主語為第一人稱時，賓語從句中的否認通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，這更符合英美人的講話習慣。例如：1I dont believe that we have met before.2My younger brother walked 10 miles today.I never guessed that he could walk that far.3I dont think that it is going to rain