SPC統(tǒng)計技術流程控制ppt課件

1、統(tǒng)計技術流程控制Statistical Process Control for Operators 惠亞集團SPC課程 A Workshop from Our Worldwide SPC CurriculumWelcome歡迎.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20012SSETMSYVIA培訓目的Training Goal 目的-助他獲得SPC的知識及技巧 Our Goal - To help you gain relevant SPC knowledge & skills. .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 M

2、ar. 10, 20013SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC及SPC的益處 What is SPC and benefits. 數(shù)據(jù)的搜集及丈量 Data collection and measurement. 運用反響方案處理問題 Troubleshooting using reaction plans 流程的穩(wěn)定&才干(CP和CPK) Process Stability and Capability.(CP and CPK)培訓內(nèi)容 Training Agenda .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20014SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC?

3、What is SPC? 利用統(tǒng)計技術如控制圖去分析流程或其產(chǎn)物,以采取適當?shù)男袆尤ミ_致及維持一個受統(tǒng)計技術控制的形狀以及改善流程才干. The use of statistical techniques such as control charts to analyze a process or its outputs so as to take appropriate actions to achieve and maintain a state of statistical control and to improve the process capability. .SPC for O

4、perators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20015SSETMSYVIAOut of control 失控Trends 趨勢Shifts 偏移Control Chart 控制圖 統(tǒng)計技術 Statistical 流程 Process 控制 Control LCL UCL 什么是SPC?What is SPC?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20016SSETMSYVIAMeasurement 丈量 CauseEffect Diagram 因果圖魚骨圖Effect 果 Machine 機 Environment 環(huán)境 Ma

5、n 人 Material 物料 Methods 方法 Cause 因 什么是SPC?What is SPC?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20017SSETMSYVIA Pareto Diagram 柏拉圖DefectivesScratchPlugholeOpenShort什么是SPC?What is SPC?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20018SSETMSYVIADetermine Key Product Characteristics 介定關鍵的產(chǎn)品特性Determine Key

6、 Variables 介定關鍵的變量Plan the Matrix of Validation Tests 方案確認測試的矩陣 DOE 實驗設計什么是SPC?What is SPC?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20019SSETMSYVIAFunction affected 被影響的功能 Potential Failure mode 潛在缺陷方式 - Potential Effect 潛在影響 - Potential Cause 潛在緣由 - Design Control 設計控制 Action Plan 行動方案 Result 結(jié)果 F

7、MEA 缺陷方式與后果分析 什么是SPC?What is SPC?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200110SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC?What is SPC? SPC數(shù)據(jù)=流程的聲音 SPC data = the voice of the process!統(tǒng)計技術 Statistical 搜集及整理數(shù)字化的現(xiàn)實數(shù)據(jù) Collection & arrangement of numerical facts. Data! 控制 Control 預防,預測,監(jiān)管 Prevention. Prediction. Regulation. 流程

8、Process 執(zhí)行一件任務的一連串步驟 Series of steps to perform a task 能否一組圖表? Is it a set of charts? 能否一個警告系統(tǒng)? Is it a warning system? 能否一個預防性方法? Is it a preventive method?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200111SSETMSYVIA運用SPC目的Using SPC Objectives 我們的SPC目的是為他提供一個有利于繼續(xù)改善的工具: Our SPC objectives is to provi

9、de you with a tool for continual improvement that helps to: 將流程變異減致最少 minimize process variation. 消除流程的錯敗 eliminate failures in our processes. 將產(chǎn)品才干盡量提升 maximize product capability. 加強客戶稱心程度 increase customer satisfaction. .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200112SSETMSYVIASPC價值SPC Value 少報廢

10、Less scarp 少返工 Less rework 少停機 Less down time 更佳利潤 Better profit 更佳市場信譽 Good reputation in marketplace ! 惠亞集團Viasystems Group .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 2001SSETMSYVIASPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200113SSETMSYVIASPC價值SPC Value 更佳產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量 Better quality product 更多可靠產(chǎn)品 More reli

11、able delivery 可以信任的供應商 A supplier they can count on客戶 Customers.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 2001SSETMSYVIASPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200114SSETMSYVIASPC價值SPC Value 少挫敗感及無聊時間 Less frustration & down time 更能控制任務 More control 更能對流程及產(chǎn)品問題作正確決議 Ability to make the right decision

12、 about process of product problems 能消費更優(yōu)值的產(chǎn)品 Better product coming from the are in front of me他 You.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200115SSETMSYVIASPC如何協(xié)助?How SPC Can Help 消費中 During Production 發(fā)生問題時(特別成因)SPC數(shù)據(jù)會發(fā)出訊號 SPC data send a signal that theres a problem (special cause). 我們采取糾正行動防止問題

13、 We take corrective action to prevent defects.未來 For the Future SPC數(shù)據(jù)提供一個流程變異的歷史記錄 SPC data provide a history of the variation in the process. 我們改善流程以減少普通緣由導致的變異 We improve the process to reduce common cause variation.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200116SSETMSYVIA統(tǒng)計技術及控制圖Statistics and Co

14、ntrol Charts 如何運用統(tǒng)計技術于控制圖? How do we use these statistics on control charts?搜集數(shù)據(jù)-數(shù)目或量度某物 Collect data - count or measure something. 于控制圖上畫上數(shù)值 Plot the data on the control chart. 或. OR . . . 計算統(tǒng)計數(shù)值于控制圖上畫上數(shù)值 Calculate a statistic and plot the statistic on the chart.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar.

15、 10, 200117SSETMSYVIASPC步驟:WWHWWW SPC Step - WWHWWW 什么數(shù)據(jù)需求搜集? What data do we need? 為什么需求搜集數(shù)據(jù)? Why do we need to collect data? 如何得到數(shù)據(jù)? How will we get the data? 何時搜集數(shù)據(jù);多久搜集一次? When do we collect it; how often? 流程中哪處搜集數(shù)據(jù)? Where in the process do we get the data? 誰搜集數(shù)據(jù)? Who collects the data?搜集數(shù)據(jù) Coll

16、ect data .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200118SSETMSYVIA什么數(shù)據(jù)需求搜集?What data do we collect? 搜集數(shù)據(jù) Collect data 客戶要求: 功能;外觀 Customer Requirements Functional Aesthetic 產(chǎn)品特性 Product Features 流程變數(shù) Process Variables .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200119SSETMSYVIA為什么需求搜集數(shù)據(jù)?Why should we

17、 collect the data?搜集數(shù)據(jù) Collect data 監(jiān)控變異 To monitor variation. 盡早指出流程問題 To identify process problems as early as possible.為什么? Why? .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200120SSETMSYVIA如何搜集數(shù)據(jù)?How do we collect the data? 如何? How? 搜集數(shù)據(jù) Collect data 我們需求一個丈量系統(tǒng) We need a measurement system. 方法-技巧,工

18、具,經(jīng)培訓的員工 Method - technique, tool, trained people 記錄-數(shù)據(jù)搜集表格,表達數(shù)據(jù)的格式(即控制圖) Record - data collection sheet, format to present data (i.e., control chart) 方案-擔任人,搜集數(shù)據(jù)地點,頻率,時間 Plan - who, where, how often, when.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200121SSETMSYVIA何時及何處搜集數(shù)據(jù)?When & where do we get the

19、data? 那一個比較好? Which is better?流程中作丈量 Measure on-line 最后檢查 Inspect at end .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200122SSETMSYVIA何時搜集數(shù)據(jù)?When do we collect the data? 流程中作丈量 Measure On-line, During the Process SPC SPC 預防性 Prevention focus 防止浪費 Avoids waste 提供質(zhì)量一致的產(chǎn)品 Delivers consistent products 減少變量

20、 Reduces variation 自動性 Proactive 于流程終點作檢查 Inspect Product at the End of the Process 檢查 Inspection 偵查性 Detection focus 容忍浪費 Tolerates waste 返工 Reworks products 容忍變異 Tolerates variation 被動性 Reactive .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200123SSETMSYVIA數(shù)據(jù)的種類Types of Data 計量的 Variables 可用延續(xù)性的單位 Mea

21、sure on a continuous scale 可以是流程或量度的特性 For a process or product 例子: Examples: 線寬 line width 板料厚度 lamination thickness 計數(shù)的 Attributes 數(shù)量,等級,類別 Count, grade, categorize 不能量度的 Cant measure it 普通是產(chǎn)品特性 Usually for a product 例子: Examples: 壞品百分比 % defective parts 甩貨百分比 % orders late .SPC for Operators - Ve

22、rsion 2.1 Mar. 10, 200124SSETMSYVIA控制圖種類Types of Control Charts 計量控制圖 Variables Charts 用于延續(xù)單位的量度 For data we get by measuring on a continuous scale. 例子 Examples 溫度 temperature 線寬 circuit width 厚度 pin height分別監(jiān)察兩組統(tǒng)計數(shù)值的三對控制圖Three pairs of charts that monitor two statistics.平均及范圍(X-R)Average & R (avera

23、ge and range) 平均及規(guī)范差(X-S)Average & S (average and standard deviation) 個別值挪動范圍(X-MR)X & MR (individuals and moving range).SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200125SSETMSYVIA計數(shù)控制圖 Attribute Charts 用于數(shù)量等級或分類的數(shù)據(jù) For data we get by counting, grading or categorizing things. 例子 Examples 甩貨百分比 # of la

24、te deliveries 壞板百分比 # of defective circuit boards 計數(shù)控制圖Attribute Charts NP P U C控制圖種類Types of Control Charts .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200126SSETMSYVIA規(guī)格Specifications 客戶,供應商或內(nèi)部工程要求 Customer, supplier or internal engineering requirements 包括: Include: 目的或中間值(最理想的) target or nominal va

25、lue (the ideal!) 在目的值兩旁可接受的變異 allowable variation on either side of the target value 規(guī)格上限=目的值+可接愛的變異 USL = target + allowable variation 規(guī)格下限=目的值-可接受的變異 LSL = target - allowable variation .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200127SSETMSYVIA例子-酸濃度Example - Acid Concentration 規(guī)格是130克/升+/-30克升 Spe

26、cification is 130 grams/liter +/- 30 grams/liter 規(guī)格上限=目的值+可接受的變量 USL = target + allowable variation 130 + 30 = 160 規(guī)格下限=目的值-可接受的變異 LSL = target - allowable variation 130 - 30 = 100 可接受變異的總值=規(guī)格上限=規(guī)格下限 Total allowable variation = USL - LSL 160 - 100 = 60 .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20012

27、8SSETMSYVIA控制限-控制上,下限Control Limits - UCL, LCL 假設流程遭到控制: If your process is in control: 99.7%的數(shù)據(jù)將會在控制上限及下限之間. 99.7 % of the data points will be between the UCL and LCL. 數(shù)據(jù)沒有特定的圖樣=隨機的. Data points will show no pattern = random. 大部分數(shù)據(jù)會趨向平均值. Most data points will be close to the average. 數(shù)據(jù)應有一半在平均值以上及

28、一半在以下. Data points be 50/50 above and below average. .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200129SSETMSYVIA控制限-益處Control Limits - Benefits 減少兩個能夠的錯誤 Minimizes two possible mistakes: 忽略問題 Ignoring a problem. 采取不用要的糾正行動 Taking unnecessary corrective action. 曲線下的出現(xiàn)能夠性知 Probabilities under the curve

29、 are known. 有利于預測和方案 Good for prediction and planning. 有利于偵查不正常的數(shù)據(jù) Good for spotting weird patterns of points. .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200130SSETMSYVIA控制圖及規(guī)范差Control Charts & Standard Deviation 運用規(guī)范差決議控制上限及下限,如鐘狀曲線. To determine UCL & LCL, use standard deviation (s) - just like the

30、 bell curve! +3s -3s UCL = Average + 3s Average LCL = Average - 3s -3s +3s 利用變異的數(shù)值(規(guī)范差)去建立變異的普通范圍 (控制上限及下限之間的范圍)能否合理? Doesnt it make sense to use a measure of variation (standard deviation) to establish a normal range of variation (area between UCL and LCL) for a process? .SPC for Operators - Versio

31、n 2.1 Mar. 10, 200131SSETMSYVIA設定控制限Setting Control Limits Average -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s LCL UCL -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s LCL UCL Average -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s LCL UCL Average 將鐘狀曲線轉(zhuǎn)90度 Flip the bell curve on its side. .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200132SSETMSYVIA設定控制限Setting Control

32、 Limits UCL=Average +3s LCL=Average - 3s -3s +3s -2s +2s -1s +1s Average LCL UCL 這是什么意思? What does it all mean? .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200133SSETMSYVIA消費中運用SPCUsing SPC During Production 1.搜集數(shù)據(jù) Collect data 3. 了解數(shù)據(jù) Interpret the data 2.在圖上記錄數(shù)據(jù) Record data on chart 4.特別成因 Special C

33、ause? 6.采取糾正行動 Take corrective action 5.繼續(xù)執(zhí)行流程 Continue to run the process 是Yes否No 7. 預備文件 Document .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200134SSETMSYVIA運用SPC-例子Using SPC - An Example 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mils 能否有特別問題發(fā)生? Did anything specia

34、l happen? 1.搜集數(shù)據(jù) Collect data 3.了解數(shù)據(jù) Interpret the data 2.在圖上記錄數(shù)據(jù) Record data on chart 4.特別成因 Special Cause?.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200135SSETMSYVIA根本控制圖格式Basic Control Chart Format 普通緣由導致的變異 Common cause variation 特別緣由導致的變異 Special cause variation 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8

35、 8.9 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mils UCL LCL Y軸-量度 y-axis - scale for measurements X軸-時間 X-axis - time sequence .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200136SSETMSYVIA平均值(典形數(shù)值) Average (the typical value) 平均年齡=(27+ 27+33+46+57) 5 = 38 歲 Average age = (27+27+33+46+57) 5 = 38 years 27 27

36、 33 46 57 Average age = 38統(tǒng)計技術-中間值傾向Statistics - Central Tendency .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200137SSETMSYVIA統(tǒng)計技術-分布Statistics - Spread 范圍(R)-最大數(shù)字減最小數(shù)字 Range (R) - highest number minus lowest number R= (57 - 27) = 30 歲 R = (57 - 27) = 30 years幅度=30歲 Range = 30 years 27 27 33 46 57 .SP

37、C for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200138SSETMSYVIA統(tǒng)計技術-分布Statistics - Spread 規(guī)范差(S)=個別數(shù)值與平均值相差的平方 Standard deviation (S) - How far away, on average, are the individual data values from the average age?S=13.2 歲 S = 13.2 yearsAverage = 38 11 years11 years19 years8 years5 years2727334657.SPC for O

38、perators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200139SSETMSYVIA例子-計數(shù)控制圖Example - Attribute Chart P Chart - VAAS Fastech Final Inspection Average LCL UCL 0 15000 30000 45000 60000 75000 90000 105000 120000 000 150000 1 2 3 4 5 6 PPM .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200140SSETMSYVIA流程穩(wěn)定性Process Stability 穩(wěn)定

39、的流程 Stable Process 一致的 Consistent 可預測的 Predictable 特別緣由 No special causes 受控的 In control 穩(wěn)定性可用控制圖量度 Stability is measured using control charts. 流程可以是受控,但不符合規(guī)格的. A process could be in control, but not meet specifications.? ? .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200141SSETMSYVIA什么是流程?What is a pr

40、ocess? 完成一件任務的一連串步驟 A series of steps we follow to accomplish a task. 步驟Steps 廢品 Outputs 輸入 Inputs ? ? .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200142SSETMSYVIA流程的內(nèi)容The parts of a Process 物料Materials 人People 機器/設備Machines 方法Methods 環(huán)境 Environment .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200143SSET

41、MSYVIA穩(wěn)定,才干及質(zhì)量Stability, Capability & Quality 為能做到優(yōu)越的表現(xiàn),任務流程必需:To achieve performance excellence, work processes must be: 穩(wěn)定 Stable 一致的,可估計的 consistent, predictable 有才干 Capable 繼續(xù)符合規(guī)格 continually meets specifications 繼續(xù)改善 Continually improved惠亞集團質(zhì)量政策 Viasystems Global Quality Policy 惠亞集團承諾經(jīng)過優(yōu)越的表現(xiàn)以滿足

42、客戶要求 Viasystems is committed to Customer Satisfaction through Performance Excellence.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200144SSETMSYVIA流程穩(wěn)定及才干Process Stability & Capability 有才干的流程 Capable Process 流程有才干繼續(xù)的滿足規(guī)格要求 Process has the ability to continually meet specifications. 流程必需處于受控形狀(統(tǒng)計技術角度),才可被

43、以為有才干 Process must be in statistical control before it can be considered capable.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200145SSETMSYVIA穩(wěn)定Stability 穩(wěn)定的流程 Stable process 受統(tǒng)計技術控制 in statistical control 無特別緣由導致的變異 no special causes of variation 穩(wěn)定流程的控制圖 Control chart from a stable process 無超越控制上限或下限的

44、點 no points outside UCL or LCL 無偏移或走勢 no shifts or trends流程可以說是于一定時間內(nèi)遭到控制,而只需普通緣由導致的變異 Such a process is said to be in control over a series of time, with only common causes present. LCL UCL CL .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200146SSETMSYVIA變異Variation 個別廢品之間不可防止的分別 The inevitable differe

45、nces among individual outputs of a process. 普通緣由導致的變異Common Cause Variation正常,常見,可估計的-自然的 normal, usual, expected things - natural特別緣由導致的變異Special Cause Variation 偶發(fā)性,不可估計的-特定的 sporadic, unexpected things - assignable .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200147SSETMSYVIA變異何時何地都會出現(xiàn)Variation is E

46、verywhere! 物料變異: 化學品濃度,混合比例及補料份量,不同供應商 Material Variation: chemical concentration, mix ratios & dosing; different suppliers 設備變異: 保養(yǎng)時間,損耗,調(diào)校過程 Machine Variation: maintenance schedules, wear & tear, calibration process 人為變異: 技巧及閱歷,身體及體能,態(tài)度及紀律 People Variation: skill & experience, size & strength, att

47、itude & discipline a 方法變異: 程序文件,文件維持 Method Variation: documentation of procedures, maintenance of documentation 環(huán)境變異: 時間,天氣,廠房位置,空氣污染 Environmental Variation: time, weather, location of plant, air contamination .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200148SSETMSYVIA變異結(jié)果Consequences of Variation

48、流程中太多普通緣由導致的變異 Too much common cause variation in a process 流程中出現(xiàn)特別緣由導致的變異 An occurrence of special cause variation in a process影響任務 disruption in work 消費力下降 lost productivity 報廢及返工 scrap and rework 甩交貨期 missed delivery dates不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品表現(xiàn) variable product performance 不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)量 erratic product yields 不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品特

49、性 variations in product featuresAAAAAAA AAAAAAA .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200149SSETMSYVIACp及Cpk值Value of Cp and Cpk 根據(jù)規(guī)格評價流程表現(xiàn). Evaluate process performance against specs. 決議流程能否能滿足新規(guī)格要求. Determine if process can meet new specs. 根據(jù)Cpk及Cp值的間隔制定改善目的. Set improvement goal based on dist

50、ance between Cpk and Cp. 評價供應商. Evaluate suppliers. 用于銷售過程的一部分. Use as part of sales process.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200150SSETMSYVIACpk -量度流程設定Cpk - Measures Process Setting 比較流程中間值設定及目的. Compares setting of process center (average) to target. 根本定律: Cpk要求最少1.33 General rule - aim f

51、or Cpk of 1.33 minimumUSL LSL 目的 Target 流程中間值 Process Center 偏離中間值 Off Center! .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200151SSETMSYVIACpk -例子Cpk Examples Cpk良好 Good CpkCpk差 Poor CpkLSL USL LSL USL .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200152SSETMSYVIACp-量度流程分布Cp - Measures Process Spread 比較可接

52、受變異(A)及實踐變異(B) Compare allowable variation (B) to actual variation (A). B = USL - LSL A=6規(guī)范差 A = 6 standard deviations Cp = B/ALSL USL A B .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200153SSETMSYVIACp 必需大于1Cp Should Be Greater Than 1 顯示于實踐變異少于可接受變異 Indicates actual variation is less than allowable va

53、riation.LSL USL LSL USL LSL USL Cp大于1 Cp greater than 1Cp = 1Cp小于1 Cp less than 1.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200154SSETMSYVIACp -總結(jié)Cp - Conclusions 數(shù)值越大越好! The bigger the number, the better! Cp的缺陷-只能顯示流程分布,但不能顯示能否符合規(guī)格 Deficiency of Cp - It shows only the spread of process, but not the

54、compliance to specification. 例子：兩流程的Cp一樣。 Example: Two processes with same Cp.USL LSL Target USL LSL Target .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200155SSETMSYVIA流程才干缺乏的兩種情況Two Ways a Process Is NOT Capable 1.實踐流程變異超出可接受變異的總值 Actual process variation (A - six sigma) exceeds total allowable varia

55、tion (B - spec)Target B A LSL USL 產(chǎn)品不符合規(guī)格 Products out of spec 產(chǎn)品不符合規(guī)格 Products out of spec .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200156SSETMSYVIA流程才干缺乏的兩種情況Two Ways a Process Is NOT Capable 2.如流程表現(xiàn)缺乏處于規(guī)格的中間位置,并其中一邊的 控制限超越規(guī)格限. If process is not centered properly and one of the control limits exc

56、eeds the spec limit.LSL USL LCL UCL Target Average 產(chǎn)品不能符合規(guī)格 Products out of spec! 產(chǎn)品不是最正確 Products not the best. .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200157SSETMSYVIA假設流程才干缺乏如何辦?What if a process isnt capable? 流程需求改善The process needs improvement! 首先,采取改善行動,減少變異,然后,按目的值將流程表現(xiàn)調(diào)至中間值.First, take act

57、ion to reduce the variation. Then, center the process over the target.表現(xiàn)不良 Bad news! 表現(xiàn)改善 Getting better 進一步改善 Much better USL LSL Target USL LSL Target USL LSL Target .SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200158SSETMSYVIA他需求做什么?What should you do? USLLSLCp 2 and Cpk 1采取預防行動去除不合格產(chǎn)品 Take precauti

58、ons to remove non-conforming products 繼續(xù)努力減少變異 Continue efforts to minimize variation 將流程表現(xiàn)控制到中間值 Center the process維持流程于控制限內(nèi) Maintain process within control limits 繼續(xù)努力減少變異 Continue efforts to minimize variation 將流程表現(xiàn)控制到中間值 Center the processUSLLSLCp 1.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 20015

59、9SSETMSYVIA他需求做什么?What should you do? USLLSLCp 1.5維持流程于控制限內(nèi) Maintain process within control limits 繼續(xù)努力減少變異 Continue efforts to minimize variationUSLLSLCp 2 and Cpk 2 and Cpk 1維持流程于控制限內(nèi) Maintain process within control limits USLLSLCp 2 and Cpk 1.5.SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 Mar. 10, 200161SSETM

60、SYVIA失控圖樣-第一定律Out-of Control Patterns - Rule 1 任何點超越控制限 Any point beyond the control limits控制上限以外 Outside the Upper Control Limit 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LCL Average UCL 控制下限以外 Outside the Lower Control Limit 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8