2021-2022學(xué)年人教版英語九年級(jí)全冊(cè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)及相應(yīng)習(xí)題

1、【動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)】一、時(shí)態(tài)1.英語的16種時(shí)態(tài)（前提：什么是“時(shí)態(tài)”？）【加粗的是中考常見的8種時(shí)態(tài)】現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過去時(shí)did一般將來時(shí)will do過去將來時(shí)would do進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing完成式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done過去完成時(shí)had done將來完成時(shí)will have done過去將來完成時(shí)would have done完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing過去完成

2、進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing2.中考常見的8種時(shí)態(tài)【單選?？嫉?種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在/一般過去/一般將來/現(xiàn)在完成】由助動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成由助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成意義/用法標(biāo)志狀語（句中不一定出現(xiàn)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（單三）am/is/areTom is happy.do/doesTom works at home.經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)/習(xí)慣/能力/客觀事實(shí)；主將從現(xiàn)often/usually/every day等一般過去時(shí)（過去式）was/wereTom was happy.didTom worked

3、at home.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；過去存在的狀態(tài)yesterday/just now/ago/last week/in 1985/in those days等一般將來時(shí)（will+動(dòng)原）will beTom will be happy.will doTom will work at home.將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；將來存在的狀態(tài)；主將從現(xiàn)tomorrow/next week/in two days等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（過去分詞）have/has beenTom has been happy.have/has doneTom has worked at home.過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；動(dòng)作過去已開始

4、，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且可能繼續(xù)already/yet/so far/in the past+一段時(shí)間/since/for +一段時(shí)間等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（現(xiàn)在分詞）am/is/are beingTom is being happy.am/is/are doingTom is working at home.此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作；瞬間動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表示將來now/at present/at this moment等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were beingTom was being happy.was/were doingTom was working at home.過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某階段正

5、在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作at that time/when/while等過去完成時(shí)had beenTom had been happy.had doneTom had worked at home.動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，表示“過去的過去”；過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作by the time/by the end+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)等；賓語從句等復(fù)合句中過去將來時(shí)would beTom would be happy.would doTom would work at home.過去某一時(shí)間看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)常用在賓語從句中3.主將從現(xiàn)(1)條件狀語從句由if(如果)、as long as(只要)、unles

6、s(除非)引導(dǎo)，主句為一般將來時(shí)或表述將來含義，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：She had better travel with a local tour guide if she wants to know more about the culture.(2)時(shí)間狀語從句由when(當(dāng)時(shí)候)、as soon as(一就)、until(直到)等引導(dǎo)，主句為一般將來時(shí)或表述將來含義，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Ill discuss this matter with you when we meet next time. / We wont leave until Mary arrives.4.其他注意

7、項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does；am/is/are1. 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。2. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語（always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day等）連用。3. 表示客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。4. 表示格言或警句。考點(diǎn)2一般過去時(shí)did；was/were1. 表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。常和明確的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago等。2. 表示剛剛發(fā)生的事情而沒說明時(shí)間。3. 可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，句

8、中常帶有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等狀語?？键c(diǎn)3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing1. 表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常和now, look, listen等連用。3. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, stay, start, begin等位移性動(dòng)詞，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。4. 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)同always，forever等頻率副詞連用，表示各種感情色彩，如：贊揚(yáng)、抱怨、討厭等?？键c(diǎn)4過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing1. 表示過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的

9、動(dòng)作。2. 表示過去某段時(shí)間持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。3. 表示與過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常見于從句中。4. 同always，forever等頻率副詞連用表示各種感情色彩。考點(diǎn)5 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has+(not+)過去分詞（1）表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間曾經(jīng)做過的、發(fā)生過的事情，對(duì)目前的某種影響，這時(shí)一般不用時(shí)間狀語；也可以表示到目前為止沒有發(fā)生或經(jīng)歷的事情。The tickets have sold out.（票已售空。）I have tried Italian food. Its delicious!（我已經(jīng)嘗過意大利美食了。美味?。。㏒imon has

10、seen the concert. He doesnt want to see it again.（西蒙已經(jīng)看過這場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)，不想再看了。）I have never visited San Francisco in the U.S.A.（我從沒去過美國的舊金山。）（說明過去沒有去過，現(xiàn)在仍沒去過）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示開始于過去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束時(shí)，常和以下狀語連用：just剛剛already已經(jīng)ever曾經(jīng)never從未yet還，迄今（用于否定句）；已經(jīng)（用于疑問句）I have just heard the news that our school will set up a press club

11、.（我剛聽到消息說我們學(xué)校要成立一個(gè)記者俱樂部。）They have just started to explore other planets.（他們才剛剛開始探索其他星球。）The scientists havent discovered any intelligent life on other planet yet.（科學(xué)家還沒有在其他星球上發(fā)現(xiàn)智力生命。）（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。so far迄今為止lately/recently最近，近來up to now直到現(xiàn)在since.自從since then自那時(shí)起sin

12、ce 2 days ago從兩天前in the past few days在過去的幾天for a long time很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間Ive known Grace since my childhood.（我從小就認(rèn)識(shí)格雷斯。）（表示現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)往來）Catherine has learned drawing since 2008.（凱瑟琳從2008年起學(xué)的畫畫。）（表示現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)）He has lived in Beijing for thirty years.（他住在北京30年了。）（表示現(xiàn)在還住在北京）I have known him for ten years.（我認(rèn)識(shí)他10年了。）I hav

13、e stayed in the hotel for two weeks so far.（迄今為止，我已經(jīng)在這個(gè)旅館住了兩周了。）（4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)歷過的事情，常和以下詞語連用：often經(jīng)常never從不ever曾經(jīng)once一次，曾經(jīng)twice兩次since自從before之前three times三次He has never been ill in his life.（他一生中從未生過病。）I have been to the Summer Palace twice.（我曾經(jīng)去過頤和園兩次。）We have visited Louvre Museum before.（我

14、們以前曾參觀過盧浮宮。）（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示在過去做的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等；一般過去時(shí)則只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。He closed the window.（他關(guān)了這扇窗戶。）He has closed the window.（他關(guān)上了窗戶。）以上兩句都是敘述了他過去把窗戶關(guān)了這個(gè)動(dòng)作。第一句用的是過去時(shí)，只敘述他過去做過的這個(gè)動(dòng)作，這扇窗戶現(xiàn)在也許是關(guān)的，也許是開的。而第二句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，就包含了兩個(gè)意思：一是他曾經(jīng)關(guān)了這扇窗戶（He once closed the window.）；二是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)

15、作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，即現(xiàn)在這扇窗戶是關(guān)著的（Now the window is closed.）。（6）have/has gotA. have/has got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，實(shí)際上和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的have/has的意思相同。Have you got a light? = Do you have a light?（你有打火機(jī)嗎？）He has got a slight headache. = He has a slight headache.（他有點(diǎn)頭痛。）B. “have/has got+不定式”，表示“必須”。Ive got to go.（我得走了。）You have got to use y

16、our imagination.（你得運(yùn)用自己的想像力。）（7）have/has been to與have/has gone to（）Ronald has been to Hong Kong Disney theme park twice.（羅納德去過香港的迪斯尼主題公園兩次。）（表示羅納德以前去過迪斯尼公園，現(xiàn)在在此地）（）Ronald has gone to Hong Kong Disney theme park.（羅納德去了香港的迪斯尼主題公園。）（表示羅納德已經(jīng)去了迪斯尼公園，現(xiàn)在不在此地）（）Ronald has gone to Hong Kong Disney theme park

17、 twice.（8）短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：come back/be back; die/be dead; buy/have; borrow/keep; put on/wear; fall behind/be behind; go out/be out; open/be open; finish/be over等。考點(diǎn)6 過去完成時(shí) had+(not+)過去分詞（1）與already，just，ever，yet等詞連用，表示過去的過去。Robert told me his team had already won.（羅伯特告訴我他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。）I heard that the presi

18、dent had just arrived here.（我聽說院長(zhǎng)剛剛到達(dá)。）（2）與by then（截止到那時(shí)之前），by 9 oclock（直到9點(diǎn)之前），by the end of.（截止到末尾），by the time.（截止到時(shí)，在之前），up till then（直到那時(shí)）等連用，表示過去的過去。By the end of 2007 many buildings had been built in the city.（截止到2007年年底，這座城市已高樓林立。）By the time Henry came here he had been a famous doctor.（亨利到這

19、兒之前就已經(jīng)是位名醫(yī)了。）（3）與when，before，after，as soon as，till/until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后。When she got home, her children had slept.（她到家時(shí)孩子們已經(jīng)入睡了。）（孩子們?nèi)胨膭?dòng)作在前，她到家的動(dòng)作在后）When she had finished her job, she went to sleep.（當(dāng)她把所有的事情做完之后，她就去睡覺了。）（此時(shí)不分主從句，哪個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作在前，該句就用過去完成時(shí)）I stood there until the plane had disappe

20、ared in the sky.（我站在那兒直到飛機(jī)在天空中消失。）（4）與狀語從句連用時(shí)，如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后則有時(shí)可用一般過去時(shí)來表示，尤其是由as soon as，until引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)；但若要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，則用過去完成時(shí)。As soon as I received the letter, I wrote to you.（我一收到信，馬上就給你回信了。）（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般過去時(shí)即可）He didnt leave here until Mary arrived.（直到瑪麗到了他才離開。）（5）過去完成時(shí)可用于賓語從句或間接引語中I didnt know what he had don

21、e it for.（我以前不知道他究竟為什么這么做。）I asked him how many students had attended the meeting.（我問他有多少學(xué)生去開會(huì)了。）（6）過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法基本相同，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)；過去完成時(shí)則是以過去的時(shí)間為終點(diǎn)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，即過去的過去。I have known Neil for three years.（我認(rèn)識(shí)尼爾三年了。）I had known Neil when I was a student.（當(dāng)我還是個(gè)學(xué)生時(shí)，就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)尼爾了。）I have finished my e

22、xperiment.（我已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)了。）（表示現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)）By six oclock, I had finished my experiment.（在6點(diǎn)之前，我就已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)了。）（表示在過去的某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)做完實(shí)驗(yàn)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）二、語態(tài)（即主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)(1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：be+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞【使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)注意：主語與動(dòng)詞之間是否構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系】(2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)：它的時(shí)態(tài)變化體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上（am/is/are; was/were; will be/would be; been）中考常見的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)（以單詞plant為例：We plant/plante

23、d trees in the park.） 構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are plantedTrees are planted in the park.一般過去時(shí)was/were plantedTrees were planted in the park.一般將來時(shí)/過去將來時(shí)will/would be plantedTrees will be planted in the park.現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí)have/has/had been plantedTrees had been planted in the park.現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are/was/were being pla

24、ntedTrees are being planted in the park.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/must/should/may be plantedTrees could be planted in the park.三、練習(xí)1. Have scientists found life on Mars? Not yet, but I think they _ it some day.Afind Bfound Chave found Dwill find2. -Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing? -Very cool. I _ th

25、ere once. Id like to go there again.A. has been B. have been C. have gone D. has gone3. Would you like to go hiking if it _ fine this Saturday?Id love to. But nobody knows if it _.Ais; will rain Bis; rains Cwill be; will rain Dwill be; rains4. _ did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu?While we _ a chemistry

26、 lesson yesterday afternoon.AWhen; have had BWhen; were having CWhile; are having DWhile; have5. While Mike computer games in his room, his dad came in.A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays6. Peter, have you ever been to the English Corner?Oh, yes. I there to practice speaking once a we

27、ek last term.A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go7. Listen! Our teacher _ in the music classroom.A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. is singing8. Dont drink coffee before going to bed, or you _ easily. A. dont fall asleep B. wont fall asleep C. didnt fall asleep D. havent fallen asleep9. Alice, have y

28、ou finished learning the whole book? Not yet. So far, we _ six units.Alearned Bhave learned ClearnD. will learn10. I asked him a question, but he didnt reply. Maybe he _ about something else while you were asking.Athought Bthinks Cwas thinkingD. would think11. Hi, Jill. I _ rapid progress in my math

29、 since you shared your good experience with me.Great! Congratulations!Ahad made Bmade Cwill make D. have made12. -Its 20 years since we came back to Liangshan. -How time flies! We _ in our hometown for such a long time.Awork Bworked Chad worked Dhave worked13. It has been two months since my father

30、_ for Italy.Awas left Bleft CleavesD. would be left14No one can tell when they _. When they _, Ill let you know at once.Areturn; will arrive Bwill return; reach Cwill return; arriveD. return; reach15. If you take this train, you _ in Shanghai in five hours.Aarrive Bwill arrive Carrived Dhave arrived

31、16. The air here is much fresher than before. Exactly! We a lot of trees in the past few years.Aplanted Bwere planting Chave planted Dwill plant17. We cant leave here until our teacher _.Awill arrive Barrives CarrivedD. is arriving18. By the time the teacher came, we _ cleaning the classroom.Afinish

32、ed Bhave finished Chad finishedD. finish19. What do you usually do in your spare time?I often go to our community library. It _ for two years in order to encourage us to read more.Aopens Bhas opened Chas been opened Dhas been open20. Is Helen here? Not yet, but she _ in half hour.Aarrives Bwill arri

33、ve Carrived Dhas arrived21. In the past 70 years, China _ historic changes and made great achievements.Aexperienced BexperiencesChas experienced Dwould experience22. Sally_ where she had left the car and the police found it this morning.Aforgot Bhas forgotten Cforgets Dhad forgotten23. Tina, is your

34、 father a teacher? Yes, he is. He _ English for nearly 20 years.Ais teaching Bteach Chas taughtD. taught24. Sorry, you cant take the dictionary away, Vicky. I _ it.Aused Bam using Chave used Dwas using25. Wow, youve made so much progress in drawing. Thanks. I _ two online courses this winter holiday

35、.Atook Bwill take Ctake Dwas taking26. Mum, where is dad? He _ the supermarket.Awas going to Bhas gone to Chas been to Dis going to27. Be quick, Sara! The taxi is waiting for us outside. A moment, please. I _ some visitors our products.Ashowed Bam showing Cwas showing Dshow28. Not only Jim but also

36、Lucy _ a few cities since they came to China.Awill visit Bvisited Chave visited Dhas visited29. It dark. Shall I turn on the light?Agets Bgot Cis getting Dwas getting30. Im so glad that I nearly half of the test now.Afinish Bfinished Cwill finish Dhave finished31. Hello, John. This is Mike. What are

37、 you doing now?Im watching a film on TV. It _ at 7:30 and will be on for another hour.Astarts Bstarted Chas startedD. will start32. Jenny, do you know if your mother _ back tomorrow?Sorry, I dont know. As soon as she _ home, I will tell her to call you.Acomes; gets Bwill come; gets to Cwill come; wi

38、ll get Dwill come; gets33. The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it? On July 7th. I _ it for a week.Ahave bought Bhave had Cbought Dbuy34. I dont know the words to a lot of songs, but I do know some folk songs that my grandma _ me at an early age.Ateaches Btaught Cwill teach Dhas taught3

39、5. Project Hope celebrated its 30 birthday in 2019.Yeah. Children from poor families the chance to go to school since 1989.Aoffered Bhas offered Cwas offered Dhas been offered36. How about the third season of documentary Aerial China? Great. I _ it twice.Awatched Bwatch Cwill watch Dhave watched37.

40、Hi, Daniel. You didnt attend the chess class last night. Oh, I _ my sons model plane.Aam repairing Brepaired Chave repaired Dwas repairing38. Every year thousands of tourists _ the mountain area to relax themselves.Avisited Bwere visitingCvisit Dhave visited39. Your hometown is famous for tea, right

41、? Yes. Now tea plants _ on most mountains here.Awill grow Bare grown Cwere grownD. have grown40. I want a mobile phone which _ good pictures.Atook Bis taking Ctakes Dhave taken41. Corn production _ nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.Ajumped Bjumps Cwill jump Dhas jumped42. I hear that it often _ in Sichuan and there are usually floods, especially in summer.Arains Brained Cwill rainD. has rained43. Is Li Mei a teacher? Yes, she is. She _ at a village school.Ateaches Bis teaching Ctaught Dwill teach44.