定語(yǔ)從句[課件]

1、 定語(yǔ)從句Which one is Harry Porter? The boy _ is Harry Porter .who wears glasses定語(yǔ)從句Which one is Harry Porter?Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which, who, whom whose, that; aswhere, when, why 定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 The boy who / that is standing there is my brother. 先行詞本身指代不明時(shí)，用來(lái)

2、限定先行詞以明確其所指的從句，稱限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 Beijing, where the 28th Olympics were held, is the capital of China. 先行詞本身是專(zhuān)有名詞或其它指代已明確的詞語(yǔ)(通常表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人/物)，從句只起附加說(shuō)明的作用，前面加逗號(hào)，可省略。二、用法: These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先行詞是人關(guān)系代詞: who whom whose that which先行詞是非人 These are the students who / that won the f

3、irst place last year.that限定性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān) 系 代 詞 用 法 表 解 先行詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)人who / that(whom / that)thatwhose非人(物、事、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因)which / that(which / that)thatwhose人 / 物 that(that)thatwhosesuch / the same + n.asasaswhose 先行詞被the / this / that these / those same修飾時(shí)若指的就是同一人或物，則用that：e. g. Youve made the same mistakes that

4、 you made last time.which指人的特殊用法 當(dāng)先行詞指一種職業(yè)或表示性格、身份、地位、品德素質(zhì)或嬰兒時(shí)或先行詞是集合名詞且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)而從句動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)時(shí)用which。e. g. He is a writer, which is respectable. Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北） Pat is quite different from the man which I thought him to be. He is the man which he was. He ta

5、lked like a scholar which he hardly was. Mr. Smith pretended to be a professor which helped him much. He is a gentleman which his brother isnt. She is a successful actress which gets her high fame. Yesterday her sister had a baby which was a girl. I take great pride in the Chinese people which has a

6、 long history, a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition. Do you know the family which lives upstairs?關(guān) 系 副 詞 用 法 表 解 先行詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 間when at / in / on which 地 點(diǎn) where at / in / on which 原 因 why for which注意：where的先行詞可以是以物表地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)；先行 詞被the same修飾且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用 where。e. g. His wallet is on the

7、 chair where he sat. We will start at the point where we left off. He went to the very same place where he found the tiger. (= at which) where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句除用于表地點(diǎn)的先行詞外，還用于其它先行詞activity, case, , job, occasion, point, position, stage, state, situation甚至表示 “物”的先行詞，但引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中必須作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。where引導(dǎo)的從句的特殊用法e. g. Eng

8、lish is a language where each word has a fixed position. Is this the library where you borrowed the book? We have reached a point where a change is needed. The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and tal

9、k. Youve put me in a position where Ill achieve nothing. Whatever is left over may be put into the fridge, where it will keep for two or three weeks.舞蹈是一種視覺(jué)比聽(tīng)覺(jué)更重要的活動(dòng)。今天我們將討論初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人不能恰當(dāng)使用英語(yǔ)的情況。所有鄰居都羨慕這家人，這家人家里的小孩和父母建立起了友好的關(guān)系。這是一種可以很好地使用你的技能的工作。Thats a job where your skills can be put to good use.Danci

10、ng is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. Today, well discuss cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. All the neighbours admire this family, where the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.1. 指人的引導(dǎo)詞的用法 who 作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(非正式) Do you know the fa

11、mily who always quarrel among themselves? Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南) whom 作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)，指人 Who is the person (whom) you admire most.She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. (2

12、009寧夏、海南)whom在從句中可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，指人。 whose 作從句定語(yǔ), 表示物主，用于人或物 The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination. (2011新課標(biāo)) The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011四川) Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain wei

13、ght quickly. (2010北京) Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. (2010山東) The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陜西) that 可作從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ), 指人或物 The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is

14、 a worker.2. 指物的引導(dǎo)詞的用法 which 同that一樣, 作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)但不用于人 。I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省略She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other(2011福建) Gun control is a

15、 subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陜西)3. 只能用that的情況 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí) Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等指事物不定代詞作先行詞時(shí) I refuse to accept t

16、he blame for something that was someone elses fault. (2010全國(guó)) 先行詞被every, some, no, all, any, little, much 等修飾時(shí)。 My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) (2010湖北) 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs t

17、o him. 句首已有who或which時(shí) Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí) Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books that were popular then. There are four desks in

18、the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. 主句是there be句型時(shí)China isnt the country that it used to be. He is not the man that he used to be. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí) This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday. 先行詞是“be”后的表語(yǔ)時(shí)不用that的情況 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 緊接在介詞后不能用e. g. We depend on the l

19、and from which we get our food. 先行詞部分有that或those時(shí)作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞的辨析引導(dǎo)詞在 從 句 中 用 法which 代替指代前面已明確的特定的物 (含時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等) 對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明, 并表示“這”而非物主。whose 代替特定的人或物 (指物或抽象概念時(shí)可以同of which互換), 對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，表示物主?！敖樵~ + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定 語(yǔ) 從 句4. “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞” (介詞提前) 指人 用whom, 指物用whiche. g. Is this the car for which you paid a high price? Ha

20、ve you finished the book on which youve been working? The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. The only subject of which he is fond is maths. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army. Ill never forget the year in which I went abroad. Where

21、 is the boy for whom you bought a camera? Where is the boy with whom you are working? Where is the boy by whom your son was saved? “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞的判定依據(jù)1：與從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞” 中的介詞的判定依據(jù)2：與從句中的形容詞的搭配 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞的判定依據(jù)3：與從句限定的先行詞的搭配 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return

22、 in the near future. (2010山東) The newly built caf, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江蘇) Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (2011湖南) She showed the visitors around the museum, the

23、 construction of which had taken more than three years. (2011江西) “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”限定性定語(yǔ)從句“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞” 能引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性從句。引 導(dǎo) 詞 用 法 表 解引導(dǎo)詞指 代充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩朔侨司渥又髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) whowhomwhichthatwhoseas I went to bed at 10, before when I was reading for an hour. That was in 1929, since when things have been better. 當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)

24、而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用when代替前面的先行詞。 先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，若引導(dǎo)詞代詞指地點(diǎn)的某個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)表示 “從那里”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用from which；而當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞代替前面的的表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞且表示“從那里”時(shí)，則用from where。whenwherewhy 在限定性從句中用于被such, the same等修飾的先行詞后。 The window from which prisoners can escape were blocked. Soon his head appeared out of one of the second-storey windows

25、 from where he could see nothing but trees. Alice stood in front of the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing basketball. Look over there! Some people are standing under the big tree, from where you can enjoy the whole view. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is

26、named after his grandfather. (2010全國(guó)) Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009山東) Theyve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising. (09遼寧) My friend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him. (09全國(guó)) Mary was much kinder to Jack

27、 than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京) After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川) Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 which是引導(dǎo)非限定性從句的一個(gè)最常見(jiàn)也最?？嫉脑~，是關(guān)系

28、代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)甚至表語(yǔ)，代替先行詞、主句或主句的一部分。先行詞主句主句的一部分表語(yǔ)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句特 點(diǎn)：1 引導(dǎo)詞不用that和why(用for which代替)2 引導(dǎo)詞不能省略3 修飾的可以是詞語(yǔ)或主句或主句的一部分，對(duì)所修 飾的部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明4 先行詞是表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的詞(人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等等)5 which引導(dǎo)的非限定性從句不能放在句首6 代替指人的先行詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用whom指人的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的非限定性的形容詞從句引導(dǎo)詞在 從 句 中 用 法who代替指代已明確的特定的人或?qū)ο刃性~進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) (不能省略)。whom代替指代已明確的

29、特定的人或?qū)ο刃性~進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，作 (動(dòng)詞或介詞)賓語(yǔ) (不能省略)。whose代替指代已明確的特定的人或物(指物或抽象概念時(shí)可以同of which互換)的先行詞對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，作定語(yǔ)表示物主。指物的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的非限定性的形容詞從句引導(dǎo)詞在 從 句 中 用 法which(?？键c(diǎn)) 代替指代已明確的特定的物 (特殊情況下可以指人的職業(yè)、性格、身份、地位、品德等) 或?qū)η懊娴木渥又械牟糠只蛘w進(jìn)行說(shuō)明, 作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)(用來(lái)指前面提及的事/物并表示“這”時(shí)在從句中作定語(yǔ))，不能置于句首。as 可能位于句首、句中或句末, 一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)， 代替整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分并對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，主要用作主語(yǔ)