2022年人教版英語必修知識點練習(xí)

1、第四單元 Earthquake1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然 起來 burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody 總所周知 3.be/get injured 受傷4.cut across 穿過 橫穿 5.as usual 像往常一樣6.give out 散發(fā)出 精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替8.give a speech 演講9.put up shelters 搭建避難10.be pleased to do sth.樂意做某事 11.be proud of 以 而自豪

2、 =take pride in12.the number of 的數(shù)量 13.in the open air 在戶外14.right away 立刻 15.in ruins 破敗不堪 成廢墟16.dig out 掘出 17.at an end 終結(jié)18.a number of 許多 大量的 19.too to 太 而不能20.tens of thousands of 成千上萬的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在 中22.all not = not all 并非所有 都23.to the north of =north of 在的北面 24.be rescue

3、d from 被從 解救出25.be buried 被埋葬 被埋藏 26.bury oneself in =be buried in 專心于，埋頭于27.think little of 評價不高 think highly of 贊許 給予較高評價28.as if 仿佛 29. be/ get shocked 震驚 30.at an end 終結(jié)【重點詞匯】1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大樓里的水管爆裂。burst 爆裂 ,突發(fā)用法歸納：I felt as if my heart

4、 would burst with joy. 我覺得自己高興得心花怒放。The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：(1) burst in on 突然打斷He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打斷了我們的談話。(2) burst into +n. 突然 The speaker burst into angry speech. 演講者突然講粗話。(3) burst out + doing

5、 突然 The woman burst out crying like a child. 那個婦女突然像小孩一樣哭了。2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受傷。injury n. 傷害易混辨析：injure ; hurt; wound; harm 傷害injure 比 hurt 正式， hurt 多指傷痛，而injure 則指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。hurt 既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、 感情上的傷害。指肉體上的傷害時，hurt 可與 badly,

6、slightly, seriously 等連用；但若果指精神上的創(chuàng)傷，只能用very much, rather / deeply 。wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場上受傷?？梢允侨怏w上的傷害，也可指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。harm 表示引起對身體、物質(zhì)或精神上的損害，常指傷害人的肉體，損壞東西以及損害健康、品 質(zhì)、事業(yè)等。即時活用：1、Did you say that our neighbor _ in the accident? A. badly hurted B. was badly hurted C. had badly hurted D. was badly

7、 hurt 2、My chest _ when I take a deep breath, doctor. A. hurts B. wounds C.harms D. injure 3、The old lady died from the _on her head; she was _when cleaning windows on the ladder when she fell off it. A. injury; injured B. wound; wound C. wounded; hurt D. hurt; injured 5、The bus driver was badly _on

8、 both legs in the traffic accident. A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed 3. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 【短語歸納】與 end 搭配的常用短語：come to an end vi. 結(jié)束（用作謂語）at the end of 在 盡頭（末）（指時間或空間）by the end of last. （與過去完成時連用）bring/put sth.to an end vt. 結(jié)束；制止 by the end of 到 末為止（現(xiàn)在完成時連用）by the

9、end of next. （用于將來完成時）in the end 最后，終于（作狀語）on end 連續(xù)to the end 到底 without end 沒完沒了的【隨堂練習(xí)】用 at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end 填空。（1）How many English words have you learned _ last term? （2）He became an outstanding doctor _. （3）My uncle will fly to China _ this year. It seemed + that 從句是一個句型，表示

10、“ 看起來好象”。eg: It seemed that he didnt notice this. 看起來他好象沒注意這件事。as if 是連詞詞組，意為“ 好像、好似”，相當(dāng)于 as though，一般用于句型 It looks/seems as if.中，其意思是“ 看起來好像 ”。如果與事實相反，則用虛擬語氣；如果與事實一致，則保持正常時態(tài)。eg: 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if its going to rain. 有這么多烏云，看起來好象要下雨了。（是事實，不用虛擬）2.She is so kind to me. It seems

11、as if she were my mother. 她對我非常好，看起來好象她是我的母親。sb. 作主語時， seem 后常跟 adj. 作表語。eg: He seemed a little angry. 他看起來有點生氣。（事實上不是，與現(xiàn)在事實相反）4.、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. （1）n. 殘垣斷壁；廢墟（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)）The city lay in ruins after years of bombing. （2）v. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)The hurricane ruined all the houses

12、 here. 【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片廢墟fall into ruin 變成廢墟come to ruin 毀滅，落空ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅5. shock vt&vi (使)震動，震驚； (使 )受電擊 n打擊；震驚；震動 C 令人震驚的人或事People were shocked.(回歸課本 P26) 1 was shocked to see him alone我很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)他獨(dú)自一人。I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground 飛機(jī)著陸時我感覺到震了一下。If you

13、touch this live wire ，you11 get a shock如果觸摸這條帶電的電線，你就會遭到電擊。歸納拓展with/from shock 由于震驚a shocking accident 令人吃驚的事故Shocked 震驚的，震撼的shocking adj 令人震驚的be shocked at對 感到吃驚 特別提示be shocked to do深感意外地去做(1) shocked/surprised/amazed 等的主語多為人， 而 shocking/surprising/amazing 等的主語多為物。 這兩 種形式的形容詞辨析常在高考題中出現(xiàn)。如： They were

14、 shocked by her rudeness他們對她的無禮感到震驚。 What a shocking waste of time! 時間的浪費(fèi)多么驚人呀 ! (2) 當(dāng)表示具體的令人震驚的人或事的時候，shock 是可數(shù)名詞，這一點常和冠詞一起考查。如：The news of his mothers death was a terrible shock to him6 Trap vt(trapped，trapped)使陷入困境；設(shè)陷阱捕n陷阱；困境；捕捉(動物的 )夾子The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)電梯出了故障，我們被困

15、在里面了。The thieves were caught in a police trap 竊賊落人警方設(shè)的陷阱而被捕。歸納拓展(1)fall into a trap ：be caught in a trap 掉人陷阱；落人圈套 be trapped in (2)trap sb into doing sth 誘使某人做某事By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession他們用巧妙的提問誘使他招認(rèn)了。7、Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under

16、the ruins. (1) n.援救，營救 The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river （2）v. 救援；拯救 He rescued a boy from drowning. 【拓展】rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把?從?營救出來 come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊 a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員【隨堂練習(xí)】用 rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空（1）

17、The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship. （2）The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 8. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (1) be trapped in 陷入困境 They were trappend in the burning building. (

18、2) bury 埋葬，掩埋 be buried in / bury oneself in 埋頭于，專心于（3）the dead 死者，表示一類人。形容詞前加the 常用來表示一類人或一類東西。eg: the rich 富人the young 年輕人the old 老年人the deaf 聾人the blind 盲人the injured 受傷的人the new 新的東西the ordinary 普普通通的東西注意： the + 形容詞 作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由上下文的意思而定。如表示一類人，作復(fù)數(shù)看待；如表示抽象概念或具體的某個人時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eg: 1.The young re

19、spect the old; the old love the young. 尊老愛幼。2.All the injured have been sent to hospita. 所有受傷的人都已送往醫(yī)院。9.judge n法官，審判員；鑒賞家vt 判斷；評價Your speech was heard by a group of five judges ，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 歸納拓展judgement n審判，判決；判斷力；意見，看法，評價judge sb./sth.from/by.從 來判斷judge b

20、etween right and wrong 判斷是非as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為judging by/from 從 上看；根據(jù) 判斷dont judge a book by its cover 勿以貌取人；勿只憑外表判斷 I cant judge whether he is right or wrong. 我不能斷定他是對還是錯。Judging from his expression ，he was satisfied with my work. 從他的表情判斷， 他對我的工作很滿意。As far as I can judge ，it is he rather

21、 than you is to blame. 據(jù)我判斷，是他而不是你該受責(zé)備。In my judgement ，it is necessary to pay him a visit. 在我看來，有必要去拜訪一下他。特別提示judging from/by 置于句首作狀語，v-ing 形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立成分。 類似的用法還有：generally speaking 一般來說 considering 考慮到 frankly speaking 坦白地說 to tell you the truth 說實話10 congratulation(n.)“祝賀 ” ，一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，常與 on 連用。

22、 congratulations on sth./doing sth. eg: 1.Lets offer our congratulations on her success. 對她的成功表示祝賀。2.Congratulations on winning the race. 祝賀你比賽獲勝。注意：表示向某人祝賀，接介詞 to。 congratulations to sb.eg: 1.Congratulations to you. 祝賀你。2.Lets send our congratulations to him on winning the Nobel Prize. congratulate

23、(v.) 祝賀，恭喜；道賀，向.致詞 ” ，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.eg: 1.I congratulated my girlfriend on her birthday. 我向女友祝賀生日。2.Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter. 我祝賀你喜獲千金。3.We congratulated him on having passed the examination. 11. honour vt.尊敬；給以榮譽(yù)（鼓勵、頭銜、稱號）（1）honour sb.(with sth.) 給予

24、某人榮譽(yù)，使某人感到榮幸The president honoured us with a visit. 總統(tǒng)光臨，十分榮幸（2） be/feel honoured (to do sth.) 對-感到榮幸。I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 他在講話中提到了我，真是榮幸。歸納拓展honour U 尊敬，敬意，榮譽(yù)；C引以為榮的人或事物（與to 搭配）do sb. an/ the honour(of doing sth.) （通過做某事）使某人增光，給某人帶來榮譽(yù)give/ show honour to sb. 尊敬，敬重 -

25、-；have the honour to do sth./ of doing sth . 榮幸地做某事in honour of sb./ sth.= in one s honour 為了紀(jì)念 - ； 為向 - 表示敬意；祝賀I gave him a special present in honour of him. 課堂訓(xùn)練一、根據(jù)句意以及首字母提示完成單詞2、That place is dirty and s_. 我給了他一件特殊的禮物，為向他表示敬意3、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b_. 4、Peop

26、le began to wonder how long the d_ would last. 5、F_ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. 6、Everywhere they looked nearly everything was d_. 7、The railway tracks were now u_ pieces of steel. 8、Without _ ( 電)，modern life would be very difficult. 9、_ (判斷 )from his appearance, the mang

27、er must be over fifty. 10、Dead and _ (受傷的 )people lay everywhere after the terrible accident. 二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1、The building _ wall is white is my uncles house.2、I know the boy _ you are looking for. 3、Will you please lend me the very book _ you bought yesterday? 4、The student _ the teacher praised at t

28、he class meeting is our monitor. 5、The reason _ comes after spring is summer. 6、This is the museum _ we visited last Saturday. 7、The boy with _ John is talking is my brother. 8、The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was talken to the hospital immediately. 9、_ is mentioned above, the number of t

29、he students in senior schools is increasing. 10、Dont read such books _ you cant understand.三、單項選擇1、We don t need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now. A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end 2、I ve read all the books _ you gave me. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 3、In that big fire all their houses we