英語圖表作文寫作方法及范文剖析

1、英語圖表作文寫作方法及范文剖析Table of Contents圖表作文和一般作文的區(qū)別看懂圖表要領(lǐng)（1）看懂圖表要領(lǐng)（2）圖一、圖二分析易犯錯誤&解決方法常用數(shù)字表達(dá)法Basic Writing Structure etc.More Exercises圖表作文和一般作文一般作文：在指示中把作文要討論的問題或者現(xiàn)象直接用文字告訴你。圖表作文：把問題或者現(xiàn)象用圖表反映出來。要求：把圖表看懂，并用文字?jǐn)⑹龀鰜恚拍軐@個問題或現(xiàn)象展開討論。看懂圖表要領(lǐng)（1）看懂圖表，弄清它所反映的問題或現(xiàn)象。第一，熟悉圖表的各種類型，了解它們的特點和作用。常見圖表有四種：Pie Chart（餅圖)這種圖表多數(shù)用來

2、表示各種事物在總數(shù)百分之一百中所占的各自比例。Line Graph（線圖）這種曲線圖用來表示一種事物的上升趨勢或下降趨勢。Bar Graph（條形棒圖)一般用來比較幾種事物在同一時期上升或者下降的情況。Table（表格圖）這種圖表用于表示多種事物間的相互關(guān)系?？炊畧D表要領(lǐng)（2）要善于從眾多的數(shù)字中抓住主要問題。給出的圖表和數(shù)字并不是要求簡單的描寫，而是要求通過圖表上的數(shù)字抓住所反映的社會問題進(jìn)行評論。因此從數(shù)字中看出主要問題或現(xiàn)象至關(guān)重要。1）借助于題目和指示里的要求來抓主要問題。2）看一下圖表中的哪些數(shù)字前后變化最大。圖一(Job Problems for College Graduates

3、)上圖1、2 、3分別表示:1：Graduates who continue to study2：Graduates who take jobs irrelevant to their majors3：Graduates who hold jobs in their majors圖一分析一、借助于題目Job Problems for College Graduates,可以看出是關(guān)于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生找工作的問題。因此盡管表中有許多數(shù)字，但只要順著有關(guān)工作職業(yè)的數(shù)字，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)圖表所要反映的問題。二、看圖表哪些數(shù)字變化最大：圖表中有三組六個數(shù)字，分別表示畢業(yè)生繼續(xù)讀書、找專業(yè)對口的工作和找專業(yè)不對口的工

4、作。但以后兩組數(shù)據(jù)在十年里的變化最大。因此它們就是文章要討論的主要問題。語言表達(dá)抓住了所要評論的問題，接著就是先把它用語言表述出來。在描寫中，對數(shù)字的運用要有針對性，不要把圖表中的數(shù)字全描寫出來。圖一：第一段表達(dá)Each year thousands upon thousands of graduates flood the job market, waving their college diplomas and certificates, expecting better jobs in their majors, only to be frustrated and disappointe

5、d. According to the charts, only 58% percent of college graduates in 1992 could find jobs in their specialties, compared with 89% percent in 1981 when Chin had its first college graduates after the Cultural Revolution. Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job?Ti

6、ps開頭段落在六個數(shù)字中僅僅列舉了1981和1992年有關(guān)找專業(yè)對口的工作的畢業(yè)生人數(shù)的兩個數(shù)字，因為這是文章要重點討論的，其余四個數(shù)字就不必列出了。圖二Enthusiasm for SportsEnthusiasm for Sports. You must write no less than 120 words and explain WHY many TV viewers like to watch sports.圖二：第一段表達(dá)Modern sports are becoming more spectator-oriented (觀賞者為導(dǎo)向的) than participant-or

7、iented(參與者為導(dǎo)向的). Just think of millions and millions of people who spend countless hours before TV sets watching sports of all sorts: Olympic Games, World Series Games and the World Cup Soccer Game. According to a survey, among various televised events, sports have the greatest number of viewers. Wh

8、en an important football match is televised live, the streets of a big city are often left deserted.Tips圖二第一段范文中對圖表上四個數(shù)據(jù)連提都不提，就是對看體育節(jié)目人數(shù)這個作文要討論的主題也只是用the great number of等籠統(tǒng)地加以概況。我們要討論的是為什么有許多人觀看體育節(jié)目，而不是要介紹各類節(jié)目的收視率，所以具體準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)字就沒有必要寫出來了。易犯錯誤&解決方法盲目地把圖表中所有數(shù)據(jù)都描寫出來，不管是否和主題有關(guān)。解決方法：可以在描寫和引用數(shù)字前，先把這些數(shù)據(jù)要反映的問題用一

9、句話寫出來。這樣就把數(shù)據(jù)看成是一種用來說明問題的具體數(shù)據(jù)材料 (statistical evidence) 。選用的數(shù)據(jù)必須和論述有關(guān)。例1圖一第一段第一句：Each year thousands upon thousands of graduates flood the job market, waving their college diplomas and certificates, expecting better jobs in their majors, only to be frustrated and disappointed.例2Rising Divorce Rates in

10、 ChinaSleIn recent years the divorce rate in China has increased drastically. According to a 1992 Census Bureau(人口調(diào)查局) report on marriage and divorce in some big cities, during the past five years, the divorce rate has increased as much as it had in the entire previous twenty years. In 1967 there we

11、re only 0.5 divorced persons for every 1000 married people, and in 1987 the rate was 7 per thousand, but in 1992 the rate jumped to 15 divorced per 1000 married.常用數(shù)字表達(dá)法1. In 1990, it increasedrosejumped shot upfrom 5 to 10 percent of the total.to 15 percent.by 15 percent.2. By comparison with 1990,

12、it decreaseddroppedfellfrom 10 to 5 percent.to 15 percent.by 15 percent.3. The that of last year.figurepercentagenumberpopulationhas nearlyhas almosthas more thandoubled,tripled,compared withas compared withas against4. It has compared with .droppedincreaseddecreasedalmostmore thanabouttwo and a hal

13、f times,twice,six times,5. The as much as that of 1990.numberpercentageis twiceis 4 timesis half6. It has reachedapproachedrisen tosomething of a plateau50 percentan average of 50 percentin the recent 5 years.in the past few years.since 1992.7. It accounts for(在數(shù)量、比例上 占) 15 percent of the total 8. T

14、herein March, was werehas been26 traffic accidents26 teenage suicidesa 26 percent increase/decline in birth ratesup from 20 percent for the same period last year.an increase of 3 percent in a three-month period.only 65.3 births per 1000 females of childbearing age.That is the rate in history, contin

15、uing a(n) trend begun in the 1970s. second-highestsecond-lowestupwarddownward9. By 1990, onlyless thanmore thanalmostaboutoveras many asthree-quarters40 percent ofone out of fiveone in fourcollege populationsgraduateshousewivespreferred to liked as againstas compared withlast year,1980,10. The was o

16、f the 1990 total . numberrate 15 percent/15 per thousand,less thanmore thana halfa third/quarterBasic Writing Process of the Composition Have a correct understanding of the given information, and grasp the main idea;2) Make a careful analysis of the information;3) Use the right technique of writing;

17、 (The most common techniques used in this kind of writing are: comparison and contrast.)4) Make a comment on the main topic, then reach a conclusion Basic Writing Structure 1)Describe the information given in the chart or table;2)Analyze the phenomenon (its causes, consequences, etc.);3)Predict the

18、future tendency or give your suggestions or solutions. A Writing Pattern for ReferenceDescription:In recent years China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate. According to a 1996 census on _ in some big cities, _ has continued an upward trend since forty years ago. In 1956 there we

19、re only _, and in 1986 the rate was _, but in 1996 the rate jumped to _. According to the chart, during the last decade, _ in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years. A Writing Pattern for ReferenceAnalysis:The upward trend in _ seems to be a mirror of some important

20、changes in Chinese society. First, _. Second, _. Finally, _. A Writing Pattern for ReferenceConclusion:Whatever changes lead to the rise in _, the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in _. Exercise : Rising Divorce Rates in China (Topic One)Directions:描寫圖表所反映的問題。你認(rèn)為最近幾年中國離婚率高的原因是什么？Sle

21、One In recent years China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate. According to the chart, during the last decade, the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years. The upward trend in divorce seems to be a mirror of some important changes i

22、n Chinese society. First, legal changes have simplified divorce procedures, and removed barriers to divorce. More and more people, both young and old, are now benefiting from, even taking advantage of the new law which for the first time in history allows a couple to get divorced merely for loves sa

23、ke. Second, there has been a significant change in social attitude towards the divorced persons. The act of divorce is no longer considered a social stigma(恥辱). Finally, the change in personal economic activities also facilitate (vt. 促進(jìn)，助長)divorce. The unprecedented(前所未有的；空前的) social mobility in the

24、 last 10 years both within the country and across the land has placed severe strains on married couples, not only in terms of geographic separation, but also psychological change. Whatever changes leading to the rise in divorce rates, the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in peoples t

25、raditional view of marriage and family life.Changes in Peoples Diet (Topic Two) Year Food19961997199819992000Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit & Vegetables24%22%20%20%21%Changes in Peoples Diet根據(jù)上圖描述在過去5年里人們飲食上的變化；分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因；你的結(jié)論Sle Two In the last 20 years, a mark

26、ed change has taken place on the family dining table. According to the table, rice, the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, fish, milk and fruit has greatly increased. Two factors may contribute to

27、the change. One important factor is that people now enjoy a higher standard of living than ever before. In the old days few people could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich variety of food. Another facto

28、r is that people of today pay more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health. In short, with peoples standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.Car Explosion in China (Topic Three)Car Explosion in China根據(jù)上圖描述在過去10年里私人擁有小汽車情況的變化；分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因；你的結(jié)論Sle Three As is vividly described in the t