經(jīng)典初中英語語法大全(詳解).ppt課件

1、Revision of Junior English 初三英語復(fù)習(xí).1Adjectives and Adverbs形容詞、副詞.2區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞、形容詞 already 常用于肯定句、個別疑問句 yet 常用于否定句、疑問句 * The train has already gone. * They havent come back yet. such 修飾名詞 so 修飾形容詞、副詞 *I have never seen such an interesting film. *This box is so heavy that I cant carry it. .3 alone(單獨、獨自

2、)作表語=by oneself lonely(孤獨的)可作表語、定語 * He lived alone, but he didnt feel lonely. * Its a lonely village. hard(努力地) hardly(幾乎不)否定副詞 * She works very hard, and he hardly has a rest on Sundays. .4The Comparative & Superlative Degrees of Adjectives & Adverbs.5形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成.6規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 1) 一般情況加 er

3、或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest .7規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 2) 以字母 e 結(jié)尾加 r 或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest.8規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 3) 重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音 字母時雙寫加 er 或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest .9規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 4) 以輔音字

4、母加 y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 i 加 er 或 est early earlier earliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest .10規(guī)則變化部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞 在詞前加 more 或 most slowly - more slowly - most slowly easily - more easily - most easily carefully - more carefully - most carefully.11 不規(guī)則變化 good/well better best many/much more most little l

5、ess least far farther farthest ( far further furthest ) bad/badly/ill worse worst .12形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的用法.13 1)表示兩者（人或事物）的比較時用比較級，通常用連詞 than 引導(dǎo)，表示“較”或“更一些”的意思 *This cake is more delicious than that one. *Li Lei jumped farther than Jim (did).14 2) 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比較用最高級，最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶of（in,among）短

6、語來說明比較的范圍 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China. *Lucy sings (the) best of all. *He is the most careful among us.15 3) 在表示 “和一樣” 和 “不及” 這類概念時，可以用 “as+原級+as” 和 “not as（so）+原級+as”的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before. *He does not run so (as) fast as I.164) 可用much, still, a little, even, far,three ye

7、ars等表示程度的狀語來修飾比較級 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu. *He is three years older than I. *This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.175)幾種比較級的使用句型 1.“ 比較級 + and + 比較級 ” 表示“ 越來越 ” *Your English is getting better and better. 你的英語越來越好了。 *These days more and more people are learning English

8、. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)英語的人越來越多了。.18 2. “the + 比較級，the + 比較級” 表示“ 越就越 ” *The more, the better. 越多越好。 *The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高興。.19 3.“ more (less) than ”表示 “不止，不到” *She is more than thirty. 她三十多歲了。 *The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms. 最輕的不到五十公斤。.20 4.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少” *The probl

9、em is more or less solved. 這個問題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。 *Is it straight? More or less. 它直嗎？ 差不多吧。.216)注意點 形容詞最高級前一定要用the，副詞最高級前可省略在比較級中為了避免重復(fù)，在the后常用one，that，those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞 *This pen is shorter than that one. *The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.22 3.用or連接兩項需作比較的內(nèi)容時，須用比較級；若or連接三項或三項以上的內(nèi)容時，則須用最高級 *

10、Who is taller, Mary or Jane? *Which is biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?.23 7)掌握幾種同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 1. He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is taller than the other students in his class. = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest (student)in his cla

11、ss.24 3. I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. 4. The box is too heavy for him to carry. = The box is so heavy that he cant carry it. = The box is not light enough for him to carry.25 Exercises.26 選擇( )1 Who gets home usually _ in your family? A. the latest B. later C. early

12、D. as late( )2 The more we looked at the picture, _. A. we like it less B. the less we liked it C. better we liked it D. it looked better( )3 What a pity. Lucy ran _ than Lily. A. a few more slowly B. a little more slowly C. much more slowly D. little slowlierABB.27( )4 Dont worry. Your baby is look

13、ed after _ here, the nurse are very _. A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful C. care, careless D. careless, care( )5 The idea became _ . He wanted to try _. A. strangly, it out B. strangly, out it C. strange, it out D. strange, out it( )6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China. A. the first B. o

14、ne of C. the second D. secondBCC.28用詞的適當形式填空1 He works very _. He _ has a rest on Sunday. (hard)2 _, he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news. (surprise)4 He wont do it. I wont do it, _. (too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither.295 Mr. Green is feeling

15、 _ enough to go to work. (good)6 The old man looks very _ than you think. (friend) 7 This box is not so _ as that one. (heavy)8 Lucy jumped _ of the four. (high)wellmore friendlyheavyhighest.30Pronouns代 詞.31代詞的分類 人稱代詞 Personal Pronouns 物主代詞 Possessive Pronouns 反身代詞 Self Pronouns 不定代詞 Indefinite Pron

16、ouns 指示代詞 Demonstrative Pronouns 疑問代詞 Interrogative Pronouns.32人稱代詞 Personal Pronouns 數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱 一 二 三 一 二 三主格 I you he she it we you they賓格 me you him her it us your them.33 1.人稱代詞作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格 * They all like him very much. 他們都很喜歡他。 * She gave the books to you and me. 這些書是她送給你和我的。.34 2.人稱代詞在作表語時，

17、用賓格 * Whos knocking at the door? Its me. 誰敲門？-是我。 3. 人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為 “第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱” * You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜歡音樂。.35 4.she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等 * We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger. 我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她更強大。 * The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston.

18、 輪船要起航了。這是她第一次去波士頓。.36 5.it作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等 * What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天氣怎么樣？- 有風(fēng)。 * Its about five minutes walk from home to school. 從家到學(xué)校的路程大約5分鐘。.37 6.it可作為形式主語，將不定式、動名詞等構(gòu)成的主語后移，使句子顯得平穩(wěn) * Its hard to reach the apples. 很難夠到蘋果。 * Its good for you taking a walk after supper

19、. 對你來說飯后散步是有好處的。.38物主代詞 Possessive Pronouns 形容詞性 名詞性 my mine your yours his his her hers its its our ours your yours their theirs.39 1.形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語 * My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是個工人。 * His parents are very friendly. 他的父母非常友善。.40 2.名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語、主語和賓語 * Whose dictionary is this? Its mine. 這字典是誰的

20、？ - 我的。 * Our room is big and theirs is small. 我們的房間大，他們的房間小。 * You may use my pen. Ill use hers. 你可以用我的筆，我用他的好了。.41 3.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系： 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞 注意：名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 * These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours) * This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room

21、 = ours).42 4.“of +名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬 * A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一個妹妹是個護士。 * Tom is a friend of mine 我的一個朋友.43反身代詞 Self Pronouns單數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves.44 1.反身代詞在句中可以作賓語、表語和同位語 * He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到別人比想到自己更多一些。 * That poor

22、boy was myself. 那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。 * He himself was a doctor. 他本人就是一個大夫。 * I myself can work the problem out. 我能親自算出這道題.45 2.反身代詞有以下常見搭配 enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help oneself to learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 注意：oneself 有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yours

23、elves to some fish.46不定代詞 Indefinite Pronouns 不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等構(gòu)成的合成代詞.47幾組在用法上容易混淆的不定代詞 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 * There are some flowers in front of the house. an

24、y（一些,任何）多用于疑問句和否定句 * Do you have any picture-books?.48 注意：some有時也可用于表示請求、征求意見的疑問句中 * Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉嗎？ * May I ask some questions? 我可以問問題嗎？ * Could I have some apples? 我可以吃蘋果嗎？ * Will you give me some water? 你能給我些水嗎？.49 2. many/much many 修飾或指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞 *There are many eggs in the basket.

25、* Many of us like playing games. much 修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞 * He doesnt know much English.50 3.another/other another 泛指三個或三個以上中的另一個 * I dont want this coat. Please show me another. other 后面接名詞，泛指別的、其他的 * Do you have any other questions?.514. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指兩個中的另一個 * He has two sons.

26、 One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修飾名詞，特指另一個、另一些 * Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.52 others泛指其他的人或物 * He often helps others. * Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others 特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物 * There are fifty students in our class

27、. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.535.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞 little/a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 few, little 表示否定意義, 譯為“沒有幾個”，“沒有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意義, 譯為“有幾個”，“有一點” .54 * There are few people living here. 這里幾乎沒人住。 * There are a few students in the classroom. 教室里有一些學(xué)生。 * I

28、 know little English. 我不懂英語。 * There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有些牛奶。 .55 few 和 little 與 quite 或 only 連用時，常加不定冠詞 a * There are quite a few new books in the library. 圖書館里頗有些新書。.56 6.every/each every單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個”,強調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語,形式上為單數(shù).不與of 連用 *Every child likes playing games. each 表示“每一個”,強調(diào)個性,作定

29、語主語、賓語和同位語,常與of 連用 *Each student was asked to try again. *Each of them has a nice skirt.57 7.all/none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時,一般放在連系動詞、助動詞之后,行為動詞之前 * We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “沒有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of（謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可） * None of us is/are afraid of dogs.58 8.both/either/neith

30、er both “（兩者）都”,作主語時看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù) * My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents are teachers. neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù) * Neither answer is right. .59 either “兩者中任何一個”,作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù) * There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both

31、sides of the street.60 有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用 A.both of/either of/neither of * Both of them swim well. 他們倆都游得很好。 * Either of you goes to Beijing. 你們倆隨便誰去北京都可以。 * Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他們倆誰都不停下來休息。.61 B.bothand（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） eitheror/neithernor(謂語動詞遵循就近原則) * Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和

32、Lucy 都在二年級。 * Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯。 * Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都沒空。.62 9.Something/anything/nothing Somebody/anybody/nobody當形容詞修飾這些不定代詞時，常后置 * I have something important to tell you. * Is there anything else in the box? * Nobody can answer the quest

33、ion.63指示代詞 Demonstrative Pronouns 表示空間和時間遠近關(guān)系的代詞 包括:this/that (單數(shù)) these/those (復(fù)數(shù)) 1. this,these指在方位上較近的人或物 that,those指在方位上較遠的人或物 *This is my shirt, thats yours. *These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.64 2.that,those常指前面提過的東西,以免重復(fù) *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3.剛才

34、提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.65疑問代詞 Interrogative Pronouns 用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞 常見有：who whom whose what which 通常做主語賓語定語表語 * What makes you think like that ? 做主語 * Who(Whom) were you talking with? 做賓語.66 * Which bus do I need? 做定語 * Whats your father? 做表語注意：在口語中，Who和Whom通用， 但在

35、介詞后只能用Whom *With whom did he play games? With who did he play games?(錯).67 2. This film is less interesting than that one =This film isnt as interesting as that one =That film is more interesting than this one.68改錯1 Dont worry. There is little time left.2 His book is quite different from me.3 She ha

36、s two cats. One is white, another is black. Dont worry. There is a little time left.His book is quite different from mineShe has two cats. One is white, the other is black.694 I have interesting something to tell you.5 Please give me it. 6 Every of us wants to have a look at your photo.I have something interesting to tell you.Please give it to meEach of us wants to have a look at your photo.707 He sits in front of Jim and I.8 I lik