2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Module2TheRenaissanceSectionⅢGrammar_復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教案

1、SectionGrammar-復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法初識(shí)原句感知自主探究Itwasfoolishofyoutolietoyourteacher.Itsnousetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Ourdutyistohelptheyoungchildrentogrowbetter.Ourworkisservingthepeople.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisaisandwhysheissmiling.Thebuildingbeingbuiltisanewshoppingmall.Thebirdwasluckyandescapedbein

2、gcaught.(1)句中黑體部分在句中均作主語(yǔ)。句中黑體部分在句中均作表語(yǔ)。句中黑體部分在句中作賓語(yǔ)。(2)根據(jù)句可知，動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)。(3)根據(jù)句可知，黑體部分為動(dòng)詞ing形式的被動(dòng)式，在句中分別作定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。(4)句中黑體部分為過(guò)去分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyear15031506,theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.語(yǔ)法剖析不定式動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí)態(tài)形式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式一般式完成式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendo

3、netobedoingdoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞ed形式一般式done集中演練1單句語(yǔ)法填空To_increase(increase)levelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Doyoumindbeing_interrupted(interrupt)whilestudying?Warned(warn)ofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.Not_having_seen(notsee)h

4、erforalongtime,Imissedherverymuch.Hisfirstbookto_be_published(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathing(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.1不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別做完某事接著做另一件事goon(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示具體的、特指一次性或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示抽象的、泛指經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或一般情況。Swimmingisaver

5、ygoodsportinsummer.(在夏天游泳是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。動(dòng)詞ing形式swimming在句中作主語(yǔ)，表示泛指一般情況)Theymanagedtoescapefromtheburningbuilding.他們?cè)O(shè)法逃離了那座著火的大樓。(不定式短語(yǔ)toescapefromtheburningbuilding在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表示一次性的動(dòng)作)巧學(xué)助記(1)通常只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：提出要求拒絕難：offer,ask/demand,refuse同意答應(yīng)會(huì)幫忙：agree,promise,help設(shè)法做成決心堅(jiān)：manage,decide/determine/choose計(jì)劃安排有

6、希望：plan,arrange,desire,wouldlike/love,expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假裝：fail,pretend(2)通常只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：允許考慮四建議：allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend忙于堅(jiān)持多練習(xí)：bebusy,insiston,practise承認(rèn)喜歡多盼望：admit,enjoy,lookforwardto否認(rèn)拖延可原諒：deny,delay/postpone/putoff,excuse避免錯(cuò)過(guò)莫放棄：avoid,miss,giveup完

7、成冒險(xiǎn)沒(méi)逃避：finish,risk,escape想象之后才感激：imagine,appreciate名師點(diǎn)津(1)有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義完全不同：todosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事todosth.記住去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事todosth.遺憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過(guò)某事todosth.停下手頭正在做的事而去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事todosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事todosth.意欲/想/打算做某事meandoingsth

8、.意味著做某事doingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事todosth.不能幫助做某事canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事Illneverforgetseeingmydaughterdanceinpublicforthefirsttime.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了看著我女兒第一次當(dāng)眾跳舞的情景。(forgetdoingsth.表示“忘記已做過(guò)某事”，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作)Dontforgettocarryyourcamerawithyou.別忘了帶上你的照相機(jī)。(forgettodosth.表示“忘記去做某事”，不定式表示將要去做的事情)Theymeanttohelphercarrythebox,

9、butshedeclined.他們想幫她搬那個(gè)箱子，但她婉言謝絕了。(meantodosth.表示“意欲/打算做某事”)Perseverancedoesnotmeandoingthesamethingforever.堅(jiān)持不懈并不意味著永遠(yuǎn)做同一件事情。(meandoingsth.表示“意味著做某事”)(2)動(dòng)詞want,need,require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后通常接動(dòng)詞ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Thiskindofplantneedswatering/tobewateredtwiceaweek.這種植物需要一星期澆兩次水。(句中nee

10、d為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)2現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(如interesting,exciting,moving,puzzling,surprising)作表語(yǔ)通常用于表示事物的性質(zhì)特征；過(guò)去分詞(如interested,excited,moved,puzzled,surprised)作表語(yǔ)，通常用于表示人或人的心理狀態(tài)。Shewaspuzzledatwhattodowithit.她不知道怎么處理這件事。Thesituationwasmorepuzzlingthanever.局勢(shì)比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞還可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。一般而言，現(xiàn)在分詞修飾表示事物的

11、名詞；而過(guò)去分詞修飾人或表示人的心理狀態(tài)的名詞。Hearingtheexcitingnews,heburstintotears.聽(tīng)到這令人激動(dòng)的消息，他突然大哭起來(lái)。Seeinghisexcitedlook,Iknowhehaswonthematch.看到他興奮的表情，我知道他贏得了比賽。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法區(qū)別不定式動(dòng)詞ing形式通常不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所修飾的詞與之在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)通常有主動(dòng)進(jìn)行含義或表示一種狀態(tài)；動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示用途動(dòng)詞ed形式動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語(yǔ)通常有被動(dòng)(或)完成含義Thepicturehangingonthe

12、wallispaintedbymyclosefriend.(墻上掛的這幅圖畫(huà)是我的一位密友畫(huà)的?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)hangingonthewall作定語(yǔ)，表示一種狀態(tài))ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.第一批把英語(yǔ)作為外語(yǔ)教學(xué)而編寫(xiě)的教科書(shū)是在16世紀(jì)出版的。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)writtenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)完成含義)Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?你在會(huì)上有什么要

13、說(shuō)的嗎？(不定式tosay作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的詞anything之間在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法區(qū)別不定式常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage.have,notice,see,watch,與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成hear,feel,let,make.現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞find,keep,have,feel.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Johnsmotherdoesntallowhimtotea

14、sethecat.約翰的母親不允許他戲弄這只貓。(不定式短語(yǔ)toteasethecat在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Isawthementeracoffeebar.我看見(jiàn)他們進(jìn)了一家咖啡館。(省略to的不定式短語(yǔ)enteracoffeebar在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))IcaughtGeorgesmokinginthetoilet.我撞見(jiàn)喬治在廁所抽煙。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)smokinginthetoilet在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Davidhadhiscarmaintainedyesterday.昨天戴維讓人把車(chē)做了保養(yǎng)。(過(guò)去分詞maintained在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))名師點(diǎn)津如果have,make,see,hear

15、,notice等詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為省略to的不定式，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)省略的to需要還原。HewasseentodateMaryyesterday.昨天他被看見(jiàn)和瑪麗約會(huì)了。(不定式todateMary在句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)詞不定式通常作目的、原因、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。Toimprovetheirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.為了提高他們的服務(wù)水平，這個(gè)旅店的員工們正努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。(不定式toimprovetheirservice在句中作目的狀語(yǔ))Shewassoangryas

16、tobeunabletospeak.她氣得連話(huà)都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。(不定式短語(yǔ)astobeunabletospeak在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，通常位于句末)Jackhurriedtothebookingoffice,onlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.杰克匆忙趕到售票處，結(jié)果被告知所有的票都被賣(mài)完了。(不定式onlytobetold在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料之外的結(jié)果)Iamgladtohearthenews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我很高興。(不定式短語(yǔ)tohearthenews在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，通常位于句末)(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)和動(dòng)詞ed形式(過(guò)去分詞)

17、在句中通常作原因、時(shí)間、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)之間在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞ed形式(過(guò)去分詞)之間在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Gettinguplate,hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚了，他沒(méi)有趕上早班火車(chē)。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)gettinguplate在句中作原因狀語(yǔ))Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.由于遇上了大雨，他渾身都濕透了。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)caughtinaheavyrain在句中作原因狀語(yǔ))Tomlayonthegrass,staringintothesky.湯姆躺在草地上，凝望著天

18、空。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)staringintothesky在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ))Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.在一群學(xué)生的簇?fù)硐?，那位老教師走進(jìn)了教室。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)surroundedbyagroupofpupils在句中作方式狀語(yǔ))Givenanotherchance,hewilldoitbetter.如果再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)givenanotherchance在句中作條件狀語(yǔ))Thefirelastedaweek,leavingnothingvaluable.大火持續(xù)了一周，沒(méi)有

19、留下什么有價(jià)值的東西。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)leavingnothingvaluable在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))Althoughlivingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.雖然住在幾英里之外，他仍去上課。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)livingmilesaway在句中作讓步狀語(yǔ))集中演練2(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空Idontallowsmoking(smoke)inmydrawingroom.Withtwochildrenattending(attend)themiddleschoolnow,themanisworkinghard.Having_found(find)hercarstolen,sheh

20、urriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesisto_make(make)ourlifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasaroleto_play(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.Helenawasexcited,justasIhadimagined,to_find(find)herlostpet.Thequarrel_leading(lead)tothe

21、fightstartedfromtheirdisbeliefineachother.Having_been_shown(show)aroundtheuniversity,wethenweretakentoabuilding,wheremanyscientistsworked.Praised(praise)toomuchforhisintelligence,Harryoftenoverlookstheimportanceofeffort.MybrothersentmeanemailwithoneofhisphotosonMountTaiattached(attach)toit.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Be

22、sides,haveenoughsleepcanmakeusfullofenergyandmakeitpossibleforustoperformwellintheexam.havehavingEveryhighschoolstudentwantstogetintofamousuniversitiesandtheyspendmostoftheirtimereviewlessons.reviewreviewingAllofusarelookingforwardtoliveinaharmonioussociety.livelivingNowletmetotellyouwhatIaminterest

23、edin.去掉toWhenaskingaboutfamouswritersinChina,Iwilllistmanynames.askingaskedFirst,congratulations.Imgladyougotaccept.acceptacceptedAsfarasImconcerning,Ishouldsetagoodexampletoreducewaste.concerningconcernedLearningthisnews,IamreallywillingtotravelwithyouandintroducingXroducingintroduceAnd

24、Ioftenhearbirdssung.sungsingingThereareancientdescriptionsofcrossbowshidingatthetombsentrance.hidinghidden鏈接高考單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2017全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)Theyarerequiredto_process(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。requiresb.todosth.為固定用法，意為“要求某人做某事”，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為berequiredto

25、dosth.，故填toprocess。2(2017全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)his，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞included后由and連接三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，故填laying。3(2017北京高考單選改編)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，但他

26、仍記得和學(xué)生一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，time和spend之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此處表示一個(gè)已完成的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，故填spent。4(2017天津高考單選改編)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這家醫(yī)院最近得到了一批新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這使更多的病人能夠得到治療。動(dòng)詞allow與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(前面的整個(gè)句子)之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，故填allowing。5(2017江蘇高

27、考單選改編)ManyChinesebrands,having_developed(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：許多中國(guó)品牌已經(jīng)享譽(yù)數(shù)百年，正面臨著來(lái)自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新的挑戰(zhàn)。本句的主語(yǔ)ManyChinesebrands與develop之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)overcenturies可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)，故填havingdeveloped。6(2016全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)Skilledworkersalsocombinev

28、arioushardwoodsandmetalto_create(create)specialdesigns.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：熟練的工人也把各種各樣的硬木和金屬結(jié)合起來(lái)以創(chuàng)造出特別的樣式。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填tocreate。7(2016北京高考單選改編)Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句意：因?yàn)?那些書(shū)是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)有可能送到。books和order之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。針對(duì)演練

29、.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Itsagreatpleasureto_spend(spend)myholidayinthecountryside.2Susansuggestedasking(ask)herbrotherforhelp,butfewofusagreedwithher.3Jennyheardthem_arguing(argue)outside,soshebecameveryangry.4Thegovernmentisgoingtosetupaneworganizationcalled(call)theRedCrosstohelppeoplewhoneedhelp.5Themonkeys_sent

30、(send)tozoosinBeijingandothercitiesareverycleverandlovelysothevisitorslikethemverymuch.6Thepresidentofthecompanypromised_to_solve(solve)thetrickyproblemassoonaspossible.7._Having_lived(live)inTaiwanfornearlytwentyyears,hefinallydecidedtoreturntohishometown.8Robertrushedoffwithgreatexcitement,even_forgetting(forget)totakehiscellphone.9Thepatientaskedto_be_operated(operate)onatonce.10Ihavealotofworkto_do(do)thisafternoon.Pleasedontdisturbmeunlessyouhavesomethingimportant.完成句子1我的愛(ài)好是聽(tīng)音樂(lè)和踢足球。Myhobbiesare_listening_to_music_and_playing