橙啦基礎(chǔ)語法十講-第9講

1、搜索 橙啦四六級(jí)小程序搜索 橙啦背單詞【橙啦】大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)語法詳解第九講 虛擬語氣表示一種只存在于人想象中的“假設(shè)”或“推測(cè)”，而不是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)中的真實(shí)事件。它表達(dá)的是懷疑、憂慮、推測(cè)、想象或祝愿等。第一節(jié) if 虛擬一、對(duì)于現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你，我會(huì)選擇在小城鎮(zhèn)工作。If I had a map now, we would easily get out of the forest.如果現(xiàn)在有地圖，能很容易地走出森林。If there were no music, the world wo

2、uld be very dull.如果沒有音樂，世界將會(huì)非常單調(diào)。二、對(duì)于過去情況的虛擬If id not been for your help yesterday, I couldnve caught the bus.如果昨天沒有你的幫助，我不會(huì)趕上車。If we had left earr, we wouldnve missed the bus.假若早點(diǎn)起身的話，是不會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車的。表示虛擬的時(shí)間if 從句謂語形式主句謂語形式現(xiàn)在didwould/should/might/could do過去had dould/should/might/could have done將來were to do

3、/should dowould/should/might/could doI should never have done it if I hadnt been so hard up.如果不是手頭如此拮據(jù)，我是不會(huì)那樣做的。三、對(duì)于將來情況的虛擬If he should see me, he would know me.如果他看見我，就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。If he were to come, what should I say to him?假如他來了，對(duì)他說什么呢？If you should go away, I should be grieved.他如離去，我就會(huì)感到悲傷。四、If 錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣有

4、些條件句的主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上并不一致，這類句子稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.假如昨天我對(duì)他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。If you had taken my advice then, you wouldnt be如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽我勸，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有麻煩了。rouble now.If id rained last night, it might be very cold today.如果昨晚下雨的話，就會(huì)很冷了。五、If 的省略倒裝條件從句可以不用連詞 if，而將謂

5、語中的 were, had 或 should 移至主語之前。Were youyition, you would do the same.假如你處在地位，你也會(huì)這么干的。Had it not been for their support, we couldnve won the election.要不是有他們的支持，不可能贏得。Should they attack us, well wipe them oompley.假如他們進(jìn)攻，就把他們徹底消滅干凈。第二節(jié) 名詞性從句中的虛擬表示“建議、命令、主張、要求、決定” 等動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞的從句中常用(should) mend, require,

6、urge,do；常見有 suggest, advise, ask, insist, move, proe, order,demand, direct, insist 等動(dòng)詞以及其名詞、形容詞形式。She demandedt I pay her immediay.她要求我立即付款給她。I pro我提議et Mr. Parr be the chairman.先生擔(dān)任。It was proedt this matter be discussed at the next meeting.有人提議這問題下次會(huì)上。Their requirement ist every member attendeast

7、one meeting per year.他們的要求是每位成員每年至少參加一次會(huì)議。He made the suggestiont they carry on their conversation in Japa.他建議在舉行會(huì)議?！咀⒁狻縄 suggest我提議The sistict we (should) go cam明天去野營。tomorrow.ggestt production has been on the increase since May.suggest 為“建議”時(shí)用虛擬；為“暗示，表明”時(shí)，從句謂語不用虛擬式。數(shù)據(jù)表明產(chǎn)量自五月份以來一直在增加。He insistedt h

8、e was right.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。He insistedt our laboratory report (should) be handed done.he day after the experiment was他堅(jiān)持要求在做完實(shí)驗(yàn)后第二天將實(shí)驗(yàn)交上來。insist 意為“堅(jiān)持要求”，如 insist 為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解，則不可用虛擬式。第三節(jié) 其他一、It is + 形容詞+t (should) do常見形容詞有：important, nesary, vital, crul, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable 等。It is es

9、sentialt you (should) whe voters hearts.贏得選民的心是絕對(duì)必要的。It is appropriatet this tax be abolished.這項(xiàng)是合適的。It is naturalt you should fet it.你忘掉這事是很自然的。It seems so unfairt this should happen to me.我身上竟發(fā)生這樣的事，這似乎很。二、It is (high) time +t +sb+didIts timet we ordered dinner.現(xiàn)在該點(diǎn)菜了。I think its timet they were t

10、aught a lesson.現(xiàn)在是給他們一次教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。Its high timet you got a job and settled down.你該找個(gè)工作安定下來了。三、wish 后面的賓語從句1. 用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的情況，動(dòng)詞 be 用 were 時(shí)較多I wish I were young again.真希望我能再年輕一次。I wish I had more time.但愿我有的時(shí)間。2. 用過去完成時(shí)的形式，表示過去的情況，常有遺憾的味道：I wish (t) I had listened to your advice.我要是聽你的勸告就好了。My father wishes (t) he had gone to university.我父親很希望自己上過大學(xué)。四、would rather“寧愿”Id rather you told me the truth.我寧愿你給我講真話。Id rather you hadnt told me about it.我倒寧愿你沒告訴我這件事。五、without“如果沒有”；but for