特殊句式倒裝省略強調

1、特 殊 句 式倒裝 省略 強調倒 裝inversion定義 英語句子的自然語序是“主語+謂語”。如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序被稱為“倒裝”。倒 裝分類分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝：謂語全部放在主語之前，為全部倒裝；只把助動詞、連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前，為部分倒裝。倒裝原因一、 語法結構的需要（如某些疑問句）；二、為了強調；三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文緊密銜接。 全 部 倒 裝 （謂語全部放在主語之前）此結構通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時1.there be句型。其中be動詞有時可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain,

2、happen 等詞代替。（全部倒裝）1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.2) There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.2.方位詞in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then置于句首時，謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主語是名詞。為以示強調或為

3、了使情景更生動, 要全部倒裝。（全部倒裝）1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.注意：主語是人稱代詞時，仍用自然語序。Away they went. (=They went away.)3.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時，有時用倒裝。（全部倒裝） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “The car is mine,” said Tom.注意：主語是代詞時，不倒裝。“The car is mine,” he said.4.為了

4、平衡句子結構的需要,或為了強調狀語(常為介詞短語)，或為了使上下文緊密銜接時，將狀語提前。（全部倒裝）1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結構的需要,將表語提前。 （全部倒裝）1） Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.2） Gone are the d

5、ays when we are enslaved.6.such和be連用作表語時，也常用倒裝語序。（全部倒裝）1） Such was not his intention.2） Such are the facts.部分倒裝把助動詞，連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前1. 用于疑問句。（部分倒裝）1）Shall everything be ready before you arrive?2） What can I do for you?注意：疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時，主謂不顛倒。1） Who can work it out?2） How many students have read this bo

6、ok? if的虛擬條件從句中，should / were / had 置于句首。（部分倒裝）1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake.2) Should I earn money, I should live better. 3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情況也適合于另一人或物時。(部分倒裝)1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 2） If you wont go, neither

7、 will I.注意：若只是表示對前面所述內容的肯定、確認，主謂不倒裝。1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) Its raining hard. So it is.4. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often

8、 等。 （部分倒裝）1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known.2)Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.注意1：修飾或連接主語時，主謂不倒裝I have never seen such a performance.注意2： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝1) Not only is she a good singer, b

9、ut also she is a good dancer.2) Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.5.only + 狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在句首時。（部分倒裝）1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.6.“so /such +表語/狀語 + that從句”結構中的so 或such引導的表

10、語/狀語放在句首時。（部分倒裝）1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.7.用于形容詞（名詞/動詞）+ as/though的讓步狀語從句中。（特殊倒裝）1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is, he knows a lot. ( A small child as he is, he knows a

11、 lot.)3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.8.方式副詞well或頻度副詞often, many a time, always, once, every two hours,以及then開頭的句子。(部分倒裝)1)Often did I remind him not to do that.2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.9.在no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not onlybut also句型中, 前面的句子要部分倒裝。1）No sooner

12、 had I reached the station than the train left.2） Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.注意: not onlybut also, neithernor連接兩個主語時不倒裝Not only he but also I went to the Park.10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。(部分或全部倒裝) 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!省 略ellipsis省

13、略定義 為了避免重復，突出關鍵詞語，并使上下文緊密連接，在句子中有時就省去了一個或幾個句子成分。這種語法手段就稱為省略。省略是重要的修辭原則，因此，只要不損害語法結構，不產(chǎn)生歧異，能省略的就應省略。簡單句中的省略1.省略主語祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (It) Doesnt matter.2.省略主謂或主謂語的一部分 What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?3.在對話或并列句中，如果主語、謂語不同，而賓語相同，則常省去相同的賓語部分。Tom enj

14、oys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).4.省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have:Are you going there?Yes, Id like to (go there).注意：在下列詞后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like, hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect，但當want 和like用于從句中時，to常常省略。 5.結構省略可以根據(jù)通常的語法結構加以判斷，比如省略表語或同時省略幾個成分。但在否定句中不能省略

15、。We have lived here (for) ten years.I havent seen you for three months.并列句中的省略1.在后一并列分句中凡是與上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor).并列句的省略有時還可出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中，這時被省略的詞語便出現(xiàn)在下文。George will (take the course) and Bob might take the course.2.省略動詞 + 賓語或補語I will

16、buy a house. He will (buy a house) too.3.省略主語 + 謂語動詞We still have shortcomings, and (we have) very big ones, too.注意：出現(xiàn)在并列句中的be, have, do,如果在一個分句中作助動詞，而在另一個分句中作行為動詞，不可省略。4.省略主語 + 謂語 + 賓語They tried to prevent the pollution, but (they did) not (prevent the pollution) very successfully at the beginning.

17、復合句中的省略1.復合句中的省略現(xiàn)象常見于從句中，主句中的省略通常出現(xiàn)在句首。Hope you will have a good journey.2.有時整個主句都可省略， 這種省略通常出現(xiàn)在簡短答語中。Are you going to buy the house?Unless my wife objects.3.復合句中的省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在狀語從句中，在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時或主語是it時，可省去“主語+be”部分。Although hard-working, he couldnt earn enough even to support him.4.引導賓語從句的從屬連詞

18、只要從句不長，that通常都可省略。但如果從句較長或從句的語境較復雜, 連詞that 不能省略。1）I hope (that) all will go well.2） She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.5.在than或as引起的從句中的省略。Many others are doing better than we are.6.省略一個從句或從句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此類的動詞有believe , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppos

19、e, say, tell等以及appear, seem, afraid, etc.。Is he coming back tonight? I think so.7.連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序有變化。Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. 8.不定式符號to的省略。(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) 某些使役動詞（let, make, have）及感官動詞（see, watch, hear, notice,

20、observe等）后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動語態(tài)中須將to 復原。I saw the boy fall from the tree. (3)介詞but前若有動詞do,后面的不定式不帶 to.The boy did nothing but play.(4)主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。All we can do now is (to) wait.強 調emphasis強 調定義 強調是有效地進行思想交流的重要手段之一。人們在交際過程中，為了使自己的思想能為聽者或讀者恰當?shù)睦斫?，必須突出重要的內容，這就需要運用強調的手段。 在現(xiàn)代英語中，人們

21、可以通過語音手段、詞匯手段、語法手段來進行強調。考點1）強調句型與定語從句合用，增加試題迷惑性。It was on the day when he joined the Party that he was killed. 2）強調句型與賓語從句合用，強調句型用于賓語從句。語音手段在口語中，人們可以根據(jù)交流的需要，通過語句重音來對不同的詞語進行強調。 He speaks English well.這句話，可以通過語句重音來分別對不同的詞進行強調。詞匯手段人們常用一些形容詞、副詞、否定詞等詞匯手段來加強語氣。This is the most interesting TV play.語法手段1. I

22、t is /was +強調部分+that/who/whom +其他成分這個句型用來強調除謂語以外的各種句子成分，被強調部分必須放在it is/was 后面，如果強調的部分是人，可以用who/whom 來代替that。They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.強調主語:It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.強調賓語:It is a meeting that they will have in the hall tomorrow.強調地點狀語:It is in th

23、e hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.強調時間狀語:It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.2. 強調句型的注意點(1)主謂一致：被強調部分作主語時，其形式與謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。It is his parents who have come to China.(2)人稱照應：強調主語用主格，賓語用賓格。It was her whom I saw in the street just now.(3)be前面可加情態(tài)動詞It must be Peter who

24、has let this secret out.(4)問句形式：一般疑問句：Is/Was it + 被強調部分 + that + Was it yesterday that he was fired? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+is/was +it +that+What is it that you want me to do ? (5)當強調notuntil結構時，必須將not until連用,后面接肯定式。It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in.3. 強調句型的判斷把“It is/wasthat”去掉，如果剩余部分句子結構仍然完整，那么這個句子就是強調句；如果句子