51單片機英文翻譯

1、Single chip brief introductionThe monolithic integrated circuit said that the monolithic micro controller, it is not completes some logical function the chip, but integrates a computer system to a chip on. Summary speaking: A chip has become a computer. Its volume is small, the quality is light, and

2、 the price cheap, for the study, the application and the development has provided the convenient condition. At the same time, the study use monolithic integrated circuit is understands the computer principle and the structure best choice.The monolithic integrated circuit interior also uses with the

3、computer function similar module, SCM basic component is a central processing unit (CPU in the computing device and controller), read-only memory (usually expressed as a ROM), read-write memory (also known as Random Access Memory MRAM is usually expressed as a RAM) , input / output port (also divide

4、d into parallel port and serial port, expressed as I / O port), and so composed. In fact there is also a clock circuit microcontroller, so that during operation and control of the microcontroller, can rhythmic manner. In addition, there are so-called break system, the system is a janitor role, when

5、the microcontroller control object parameters that need to be intervention to reach a particular state, can after this janitor communicated to the CPU, so that CPU priorities of the external events to take appropriate counter-measures. what is different is its these part performance is opposite our

6、home-use computer weak many, but the price is also low, generally does not surpass 10 Yuan thenMade some control electric appliance onekind with it is not the very complex work foot, We use now the completely automatic drum washer, the platoon petti-coat pipe: VCD and so on Inside the electrical app

7、liances may see its form!It is mainly takes the controlsection the core partIt is one kind of online -like real-time control computer, online -like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the off-line type computer (for instance home use PC,

8、) main differenceThe monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the different function through the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is other component needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the

9、 flowered big strength is also very difficult to achieve. One is not the very complex function, if develops in the 50s with the US 74 series, or the 60ss CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly arc a big PCB board ! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US put

10、s in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference. Because only the monolithic integrated circuit compiles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliabilityThe CPU is the key component of a

11、digital computer. Its purpose is to decode instruction received from memory and perform transfers, arithmetic, logic, and control operations with data stored in internal registers, memory, or I/O interface units. Externally, the CPU provides one or more buses for transferring instructions, data, and

12、 control information to and from components connected to it. A microcontroller is present in the keyboard and in the monitor in the generic computer; thus these components are also shaded. In such microcontrollers, the CPU may be quite different from those discussed in this chapter. The word lengths

13、 may be short, the number of registers small, and the instruction sets limited. Performance, relatively speaking, is poor, but adequate for the task. Most important, the cost of these microcontrollers is very low, making their use cost effective.Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost

14、is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language? it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use?Why high-level did the language already achieve the visualization p

15、rogramming level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit docs not have home computer such CPU, and also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualization higher order language compilation script only then a button, also w

16、ill achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the hardware source aspects use factor must very Gao Caixing, therefore assembly, although pri

17、mitive actually massively is using, Same truth, if attains supercomputers on operating system and the application software home use PC to come up the movement, home use PC could also not withstand.It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three the electricity the time, namely the electrical t

18、ime, the Electronic Age and already entered computer time. However, this kind of computer, usually refers to the personal computer, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is composed. Also has a kind of computer, most people actually not how familiar. This k

19、ind of computer is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated circuit （also to call micro controller）. , This kind of computers smallest system only has used as the name suggests a piece of integrated circuit, then carries on the simple operation and the control. Be

20、cause its volume is small, usually hides in is accused the machinery the belly. It in the entire installment, plays is having like the human brains role, it went wrong, the entire installment paralyzed. Now, this kind of monolithic integrated circuits use domain already very widespread, like the int

21、elligent measuring appliance, the solid work paid by time control, the communication equipment, the guidance system, the domestic electric appliances and so on, Once each product used the monolithic integrated circuit, could get up causes the effect which the product turned to a new generation, ofte

22、n before product range crown by adjective - intelligence, like intelligence washer and so on. Now some factorys technical personnel or other extra-curricular electronic exploiter do certain products, are not the electric circuit are too complex, is the function is too simple, and is imitated extreme

23、ly easily. Investigates its reason, possibly on card, in the product has not used on the monolithic integrated circuit or other programmable logical component.中文文獻譯文 單片機簡介 單片機又稱單片微控制器，它不是完成某一個邏輯功能的芯片，而是把一個計算機系統(tǒng)集成到一個芯片上。 概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺計算機。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)提供了便 利條件。同時，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機是了解計算機原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。單片

24、機內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，單片機的基本組成是由中央處理器（即CPU中的運算器和控制 器）、只讀存貯器（通常表示為ROM）、讀寫存貯器（又稱隨機存貯器通常表示為RAM）、輸入/輸出口 （又分為并行口和串行口，表示為I/O 口）等等組成。實際上單片機里面還有一個時鐘電路，使單片機在 進行運算和控制時，都能有節(jié)奏地進行。另外，還有所謂的“中斷系統(tǒng)”，這個系統(tǒng)有“傳達室”的作用，當 單片機控制對象的參數(shù)到達某個需要加以干預(yù)的狀態(tài)時，就可經(jīng)此“傳達室”通報給CPU，使CPU根據(jù)外部 事態(tài)的輕重緩急來采取適當?shù)膽?yīng)付措施。不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過價錢也是低的，一般不超過

25、10元即可.， 用它來做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動滾筒洗農(nóng)機、排煙罩、VCD等 等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影！.它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。它是一種存線式實時控制計算機，在線式就是現(xiàn)場控制，需要的是有較強的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這 也是和離線式計算機的（比如家用PC）的主要區(qū)別。單片機是靠程序的，并且可以修改。通過不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨特的一些功能，這 是別的器件需要費很多人力氣才能做到的，有些則是花人力氣也很難做到的。一個不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是 用美同50年代開發(fā)的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來搞定的話，電路一定是

26、一塊大 PCB板！但是如果要是用美國70年代成功投放市場的系列單片機，結(jié)果就會有天壤之別！只因為單片機的 通過你編寫的程序可以實現(xiàn)高科能，高效率，以及高可靠性！CPU（中央處理單元）是數(shù)字計算機的重要組成部分，其目的是對從內(nèi)存中接收的指令進行譯碼，同時對存儲 于內(nèi)部寄存器、存儲器或輸入輸出接口單元的數(shù)據(jù)驚醒傳輸、算術(shù)運算、邏輯運算以及控制運算。在外部， CPU位轉(zhuǎn)換指令數(shù)據(jù)和控制信息提供一個或多個總線并從組件連接到它。一個微控制器出現(xiàn)在普通電腦的 鍵盤和檢測器中，但是這些組件也被屏蔽。在這種微控制器中，與我們所討論的CPU可能不同。字長也許 更短，編制數(shù)量少，指令集有限。相對而言，性能差，但對

27、完成任務(wù)來說足夠了。最重要的是它的微控制 器的成本很低，符合成本效應(yīng)。由于單片機對成本是敏感的，所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級匯編語言，它是除了二進制機器碼以 上最低級的語言了，既然這么低級為什么還要用呢？很多高級的語言已經(jīng)達到了可視化編程的水平為什么 不用呢？原因簡單，就是單片機沒有家用計算機那樣的CPU，也沒有像硬盤那樣的海量存儲設(shè)備。一個可 視化高級語言編寫的小程序里面即使只有一個按鈕，也會達到幾十K的尺寸！對于家用PC的硬盤來講沒 什么，可是對于單片機來講是不能接受的。單片機在硬件資源方面的利用率必須很高才行，所以匯編雖然 原始卻還是在大量使用。一樣的道理，如果把巨型計算機上的操作

28、系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件拿到家用PC上來運行， 家用PC的也是承受不了的?？梢哉f，二十世紀跨越了三個“電”的時代，即電氣時代、電子時代和現(xiàn)已進入的電腦時代。不過，這種電 腦，通常是指個人計算機，簡稱PC機。它由主機、鍵盤、顯示器等組成。還有一類計算機，多數(shù)人卻不 怎么熟悉。這種計算機就是把智能賦予各種機械的單片機（亦稱微控制器）。顧名思義，這種計算機的最小 系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進行簡單運算和控制。因為它體積小，通常都藏在被控機械的“肚子”里。 它在整個裝置中，起著有如人類頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個裝置就癱瘓了。現(xiàn)在，這種單片機的使用 領(lǐng)域已十分廣泛，如科能儀表、實時T控、通訊設(shè)備、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、家

29、用電器等。各種產(chǎn)品。一旦用上了單 片機，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱前冠以形容詞一一“智能型”，如智能型洗衣機等。 現(xiàn)在有些工廠的技術(shù)人員或其它業(yè)余電子開發(fā)者搞出來的某些產(chǎn)品，不是電路太復(fù)雜，就是功能太簡單且 極易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在產(chǎn)品未使用單片機或其它可編程邏輯器件上。1. About SCMIt can be said across the twentieth century, the three electric era, that is, electrical era, the electronic age, and has now entered the co

30、mputer age. However, such a computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor etc. Another type of computer, most people do not know how. This computer is to smart to give a variety of mechanical microcontroller （also known as micro-cont

31、roller）. As the name suggests, this computer system only used the smallest one IC, you can perform simple operations and control. Because of its small size, usually hidden in a charged mechanical stomach Lane. It is the entire device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole devic

32、e was paralyzed. Now, this MCU has a very wide field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, home appliances and so on. Once the microcontroller were using a variety of products, you can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of the produ

33、ct, often in the product name is preceded by the adjective - smart, such as washing machines and so intelligent. At present, some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complex, that is, functions are too

34、simple and easy to be copied. The reason may be stuck in the product without the use of a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.SCM basic component is a central processing unit （CPU in the computing device and controller）, read-only memory （usually expressed as a ROM）, read-write memory （also known as Random Access Memory MRAM is usually expressed as a RAM） , input / output port （also divided into parallel port and serial port, expressed as I