大學(xué)英語四級寫作強(qiáng)化課件

1、CET-4 Writing用詞是否恰當(dāng)，準(zhǔn)確，形象，關(guān)鍵詞是否換用，切勿老用重復(fù)詞。Goodadvisable/sensible/informative/useful/instructive;Goodbeneficial, advantageous, helpful; excellent, outstanding;Badundesirable/mindless/worthless;harmful, baneful, detrimentalLots of a host of , a vast number of (可數(shù)名詞），a great deal of , a vast amount of

2、( 不可數(shù)名詞）；substantial; considerable; heaps of Importantcrucial, vital, significant, key; indispensable/integral;desire 替換wantpour attention into 替換pay attention tobear in mind that 替換remember促進(jìn)/提高/增強(qiáng)/改善 give a boost to/enhance/motivate/ better/ promote角色與功能Play an important( active, major, central, c

3、rucial, essential, integral, prominent, vital) rolePlay a big part-Take a leading part-允許與阻止Makepossible電腦的使用促使人們在家上班: The use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work from home.Enable, encourage, entitle談中國的老年人如何受到社會(huì)的尊重適用于個(gè)人/社會(huì)類話題In China, respe

4、ct for senior citizens is shown in the fact that they are entitled to many public services free of charge.Stop, keep, prevent, prohibit太多的學(xué)業(yè)壓力對學(xué)生的負(fù)面影響Too much academic pressure deprives young students of the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoying th

5、eir school years. (hinder-obstructhedge) Increasing (ly), growing 替換more and more( 注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.Sth. has gained growing popularity.Sth. is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significantly

6、/ utterly)在當(dāng)代In contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age;for my part, from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion破壞Destroy; impair; undermine; jeopardize; devastate;支持觀點(diǎn)（be for/convince/insist/voice a support for/vote for) (win) 反對觀點(diǎn)(argue against/combat/ disagree with/disregar

7、d/oppose)TransformchangePreserveprotect-保護(hù)某種資源，natural resources or old buildings.解決: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle( economic crisis, deteriorated environment, shortages of water, unemployment, traffic jams.)_;培養(yǎng)：Develop, cultivate, foster, culture( education cultivat

8、es the spirit of independence)認(rèn)為：maintain, assert, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, Alleviateease; 減輕,緩解( 就業(yè)壓力,新能源緩解資源緊張;經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式轉(zhuǎn)變緩解發(fā)展壓力-A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.)Worsendeteriorate; aggravate( 環(huán)境惡化)人們認(rèn)為：it is gener

9、ally/widely believed/held/agreed that適應(yīng)的形勢/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使適應(yīng)) oneself to new environment/ change;接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems影響與沖擊Profound/ SignificantDamaging Devastating Destructive DisastrousInfluence Impact Effect affect When asked about the function of me

10、dia, many people agree to the first view.此外，表示“多”的詞還有：vast, quite a few, an army of, an ocean of , a sea of , a great number of Cheating in exam happens in our daily life.Dishonesty occurred more and more in our society.the overwhelming majority of has become a common occurrence Obviously, the pictu

11、re shows that a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial to all the human beings.show: indicate, reveal, suggest, proveAs the number shows, nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.number: figure, statistics 用詞的生動(dòng)性is首先前者的問題在于be動(dòng)詞是靜態(tài)的，沒有活力的，there be 也是如此。 m

12、ake make sb. do sth-英語的詞化程度較高，存在大量詞語，一個(gè)單詞的存在使得很多詞語不再被需要dismay 使震驚，convince 使信服.避免be形式表達(dá)，盡可能選擇表示強(qiáng)有力的行為動(dòng)詞，寫出生動(dòng)，簡潔，有力，耐讀和連貫的文章。There is a beautiful park near my house. The name of the park is Tian-Tan Park, which was built several hundred years ago. It is the biggest park in Beijing. The Tian-Tan park

13、is famous not only for its beauty but its quietness as well. Near my house stands Tian-Tan, the biggest park in Beijing, built several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness. Ecological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plan

14、ts. Ecological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants, even human beings. The Internet makes me learn English more conveniently. The Internet facilitated my English studyHis criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university. His criminal record disqualified him fr

15、om being admitted to the university. 避免一味用 There is 開頭。 There are more and more people who realize the relation between examination and teaching methods. The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized.避免一味用People, I, We 開頭 We will always remember the smile on he

16、r face. The smile on her face will be firmly rooted in our minds.We certainly should offer good service.Good service is certainly required.It-句型的廣泛使用It must be pointed out that.必須指出It must be admitted that.必須承認(rèn)It is imagined that.人們認(rèn)為It can not be denied that.不可否認(rèn)It will be seen from this that.由此可知I

17、t should be realized that.必須認(rèn)識到It is (always) stressed that.人們(總是)強(qiáng)調(diào)It may be said without fear of exaggeration that.可以毫不夸張地說變換句式優(yōu)化文章Lecture 1 長句和短句變換Lecture 2 主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句變換Lecture 3 非謂語從句變換Lecture 4 比較句變換Lecture 5 松散到緊湊變換變換句式優(yōu)化文章短句變長句受漢語思維習(xí)慣影響，很多考生往往會(huì)直接將腦子里的意思譯成英語，而忽略句與句之間的聯(lián)系，導(dǎo)致寫出來的句子無法體現(xiàn)英語作為“形合語言”的特點(diǎn)。

18、因此，在平時(shí)寫作時(shí)，考生要注意前后句子之間是否存在聯(lián)系，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)各個(gè)簡單句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將簡單句連接起來，組成準(zhǔn)確地道的復(fù)雜長句，增加文章的氣勢?！纠?】【原文】 Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. 【優(yōu)化】 Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. 【例2】【例3】【原文】 Usually,

19、 a fact is defined as a truth. The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【優(yōu)化】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth, something that can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【原文】 Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circu

20、mstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty. 【優(yōu)化】 Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. 【例4】 【原文】 When I turned right on the corner, a motorbike knocked into a small car. Th

21、e motorbike was red. There were two persons on the motorbike. The car was yellow. The motorbike fell down. The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. The driver came out of the car at once, and asked about the two persons injuries. As soon as I saw that, I made a telephone call to 110.

22、The traffic police arrived in a short time. 【優(yōu)化】 When I turned right on the corner, a red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car. Immediately, the motorbike fell down, and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. At that time, the car driver came out of the car, an

23、d asked about the two persons injuries. Seeing this, I dialed the 110. In a short time, the traffic police arrived. 2. 長句變短句長句固然能表達(dá)出復(fù)雜而縝密的思想，但如果片面追求復(fù)雜句子，反而會(huì)顯得華而不實(shí)，成為表達(dá)的累贅。寫作中句子的長短應(yīng)根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要而定。短句不僅指句子長度較短，也指句子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)精煉，簡潔是寫作的一個(gè)重要原則，用詞累贅則是寫作的大忌?！纠?】【原文】His father, who is a salesman, became a millionaire ov

24、ernight. 【優(yōu)化】His father, a salesman, became a millionaire overnight. 【例2】【原文】Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly. 【優(yōu)化】They distrusted our judgment. 一、將下面的長句和短句進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改寫，使其更符合表達(dá)要求。 【原句】 【優(yōu)化】The captain, a tall, thin man with a big mustache, was pacing the bridge with a look

25、 of importance. The grading system at our college should be abolished, because neither the students nor the instructors like it.1. The captain was a tall, thin man with a big mustache. He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. 2. The grading system at our college should be abolished. The s

26、tudents dont like getting grades. The instructors dont enjoy giving grades. 【原文】【優(yōu)化】The seriousness of the problem on the reserves of raw materials shows that it is important to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale.Those who dont like having roommates

27、 argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way.5. Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 4. Some

28、 students dont like having roommates. They think every person has his or her own way. And several people living together causes some unpleasantness. 3. The problem of the reserve of raw materials is becoming more serious. It shows it is important to begin a plan. We should conserve and divide up the

29、 natural resources on a worldwide scale. It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true.二、請按照所給提示對下面的作文進(jìn)行句式優(yōu)化【原文】【優(yōu)化】 With the deepening of reform and opening up of our c

30、ountry, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways. First, when they live in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills. S

31、econd, if they complete part or all of their education overseas, they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. 【提示】將中的賓語從句改為簡單句，將其中的條件狀語從句改為主語。將中的時(shí)間狀語從句改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。將中的條件狀語從句改為主語，該句變?yōu)楹唵尉洹?【優(yōu)化】 With the deepening of re

32、form and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways. First, living in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign languages skills. Seco

33、nd, completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expen

34、sive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers. 【提示】將改成兩句，分別陳述兩個(gè)理由。 As for me, I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportuni

35、ty to go abroad and broaden their vision, while if conditions dont permit them to go abroad, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. The place where they study is not very important for them, and instead, it is what they can learn that is the most important. 【提示】將改成兩句，分別陳述兩

36、種不同的情況。通過notbut將簡化成一個(gè)簡單句。【優(yōu)化】 However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off. Whats more, there are no language and cultural barriers when studying in our country. 【優(yōu)化】As for me, I believe both opinion

37、s are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision. On the other hand, if conditions dont permit, they can pursue their studies at top universi

38、ties in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn. 主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句變換與漢語相比，英語更注重動(dòng)作本身，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，因此在英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用相對多一些，但這并不表明要一味地追求被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用。主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)1）不需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者【原文】We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 【優(yōu)化】More att

39、ention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 2）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者【原文】The employees elected Mr. Li chairman of the committee last week. 【優(yōu)化】Mr. Li was elected chairman of the committee by the employees last week. 3）保持陳述對象的一致，以求行文通順 【原文】When the Prime Minister ar

40、rived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately. 【優(yōu)化】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.2. 被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)1）需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者【原文】If you are friendly to others, you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice vers

41、a. 【優(yōu)化】If you are friendly to others, they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa. 2）保持陳述對象的一致，以求行文通順【原文】One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is self-reliance. This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and

42、 conduct my own survey project. 【優(yōu)化】During their first job, many individuals develop their very important quality of self-reliance. I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、要求：請將下面句子中語態(tài)使用不當(dāng)?shù)牡胤竭M(jìn)行優(yōu)化改寫，使其更符合表達(dá)需要?！驹摹?【優(yōu)化】 1. We know that

43、 smoking is harmful to peoples health. 2. We should advise people to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements 3. Nowadays, public places and advertisements of any kind forbid smoking. 2. People should be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led ast

44、ray by false advertisements. 3. Nowadays, smoking is forbidden in public places and advertisements of any kind. 1. It is almost known that smoking is harmful to peoples health. 4. Computers may help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation, while engineers make use of some computer

45、s in designing a plane, or a spaceship. 5. Those in favor of university marriage argue that we should give college students the right to get married since they are adults. 4. Computers may help scientist in analyzing data and doing complex calculation, while some computers are made use of by enginee

46、rs in designing a plane, or a spaceship. 5. Those in favor of university marriage argue that college students should be given the right to get married since they are adults. 非謂語和從句變換非謂語動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。【例1】【原文】When I look into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am l

47、ucky enough to be President of the Student Union. 【優(yōu)化】Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union. 【例2】【原文】In 1836, there arose the working-class movement which is known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian

48、 revolutionary movement. 【優(yōu)化】in 1836, there arose the working-class movement known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、要求：請將下列句子中劃線的從句部分改為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。 【原文】【優(yōu)化】 1. The law can punish those who produce or sell fake commodities. 2. After he completed college in 1980,

49、Tony became an English teacher in a normal college. 3. It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books, it will be time-wasting and harmful. 4. Because one of my parents is laid off, my family cant possibly affor

50、d all my expenses at college. 2. After completing college in 1980, Tony became an English teacher in a normal college. 1. The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities. 3. It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is

51、 time-wasting and harmful. 4. With one of my parents being laid off, my family cant possibly afford all my expenses at college. 二、要求：請對下面段落中的劃線部分進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改寫 【原文】 【優(yōu)化】 Nowadays waste is a common phenomenon in society. Many people, for example, would not bother to make careful use of water, electricity and

52、 gas. And hosts and guests tend to leave a luxurious banquet full up, and then they will leave behind dishes and food unfinished on the table. Also, some big factories, which are armed with advanced machines and technology, may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter which is produced by

53、 the manufacturing process. Even such people as those from former poverty-stricken areas, who were once considered to be frugal of every cent of their miserable money, have turned wasteful. Nowadays waste is a common phenomenon in society. Many people, for example, would not bother to make careful u

54、se of water, electricity and gas. And hosts and guests tend to leave a luxurious banquet full up, leaving behind dishes and food unfinished on the table. Also, some big factories, armed with advanced machines and technology, may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter produced by the man

55、ufacturing process. Even such people as those from former poverty-stricken areas, once considered to be frugal of every cent of their miserable money, have turned wasteful. 比較句變換1. 表示相似性1）just as, so（正如,也一樣）【例】Just as food is necessary to life, so are books to our spirit. 2）share/ have in common （在方

56、面有共同點(diǎn)）【例】China and the U.S.A have some interests in common in foreign trade area. 3) bear similarities/ resemblances to （和具有相似之處）【例】 Lots of ancient Chinese constructions bear striking resemblances to that in other parts of the world, which discloses the similarity in human civilization. 4) the same

57、 is true of/ with（也是如此）【例】People who are financially independent will be bullied by the rich ones. And the same if true with countries. 5) vice versa/ the reverse is true （反之亦然）【例】If you are friendly to others, they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa. 6) asas（和一樣）7) no less ()

58、than （不比少/差）/ no more () than （不比多/強(qiáng)）【例】The father is an ambitious man; the sons ambition is no less than the father. 2. 表示差異性1) the opposite of （恰恰與相反）【例】He hopes that his wife can give birth to a male inheritor to such a large fortune; whereas his wifes wish is just the opposite of his. 2） it is j

59、ust the other way round（，相反，）【例】He is not your friend. It is just the other way round. He is your rival. 3) different/ differ from in that （與的不同之處在于）【例】His character is different from his brother in that he is introvert. 4) less () than （比少/差）/ more () than （比多/強(qiáng)）【例】 More and more people are buying

60、new cars than ever before. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練要求：請將括號中所給漢語譯成英語。1. Such kind of books, （不像那么抽象）_ those full of technical terms and formulae, can color peoples life and relieve their tension. 【答案】not as/ so abstract as2. If you are honest to others, （他們也會(huì)真誠地對待你，反之亦然）_.【答案】 they will treat you sincerely and vice vers