高層住宅結構設計畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯

1、中國石油大學（華東）畢業(yè)設計（論文）外 文 翻 譯學生姓名：曹文冉學 號：03121107專業(yè)班級：土木工程03-1班指導教師：高福聚2007年6月18日中國石油大學（華東）本科畢業(yè)設計（論文） PAGE 25Frame Structure Anti-earthquake Design Way of ThinkingTheodore V. GalambosUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USAAbstractCurrently, the anti-earthquake norms all round the world almost adopt to

2、 a kind of way of thinking: The adoption presses the earthquake strong or weak of possible situation to divide the line earthquake cent area; According to everyplace the history occurrence of the area earthquake of covariance result or to geology structure of the history investigate to have to expli

3、cit statistics the meaning establish the sport peak in waterproof and quasi-ground value acceleration; Make use of again the reaction acceleration that the acceleration reaction composes different period; Get a design to use acceleration level through earthquake dint adjust met coefficient R. In the

4、 meantime, most nations all approve such point， establishing to defend the earthquake intensity level can take to use a different value, choosing to use to establish to defend the earthquake intensity level more and highly, the ductility request of the structure also more low, choose to use to estab

5、lish to defend earthquake intensity level more and lowly, structure of ductility request more high. The structure ductility guarantee of precondition is the ductility of the member, pass again an effectively reasonable conjunction in adopting a series of measure guarantee member the foundation of th

6、e ductility, the structure system choice is reasonable in the meantime, the degree just distributes reasonable of under condition ability basic assurance structure of ductility.Keywords: frame structure; anti-earthquake design; design way of thinking1Simple Review of Anti-earthquake Design Way of Th

7、inkingThe development that constructs the structure anti- earthquake is along with people all the earthquake move with the structure characteristic of the understanding is continuously thorough but develop gradually, however, from is born up to now the history of a hundred years, have mostly several

8、 to develop a stage as follows:(1) Quiet dint stage: It first from a Japanese professor passed to harm to prognosticate the anti- earthquake design theories that put forward with the theories understanding at that time to the limited earthquake, being applicable to only just rigid body structure. It

9、 didnt think characteristic and the place difference to consider structure to the influence that constructs structure.(2) Respond the table stage: Along with vibrate to record of obtain and the development of the structure dynamics theories, the Biota professor of the United States put forward flexi

10、bility to respond the concept of the table in 1940, respond the table is list the freely flexible system, it was obtain of numerous earthquakes record of encourage, the structure period or respond of the relation, include the acceleration reaction table, the speed responded a table, moved to respond

11、 a table. It consider the motive characteristic of the structure, it still is the foundation that all countries norm design earthquake dint takes a value up to now. The calculation of the earthquake function dint usually use shears with the bottom and flaps a decomposition to respond a table a metho

12、d, flapping a decomposition to respond a table a method of basic define: Suppose the building structure is the line flexibility more freedom degree system, making use principle of flap a decomposition and flap a type, it will solve a freedom degree the earthquake of the flexible system to respond to

13、 resolve for solve an independence of etc. the effect single freedom degree flexible system most the heavy earthquake respond. Then begging should in each function affect that flaps a type. At this time, according to consider the way dissimilarity of the earthquake function, adopt a different array,

14、 group method, order flexible system to many qualities of the flat surface vibration, it can use a SRSS method, it is according to suppose the importation earthquake as steady random process, each of a flap reaction is independent mutually but deduce to get; For consider even-twists many qualities t

15、hat the lotus connect to order flexible system, the adoption CQC method, it lies in with the main differentiation of the SRSS method: Suppose when flat surface vibrate each flap a type independent mutually, and each contribution that flap a type increased along with the frequency high but lower； But

16、 even-twist lotus connect hour each flap a frequency span very small, close together and higher flap the frequency of the type and may near to this relativity that will consider a dissimilarity to flap a very much, also have influence of turn round the weight and not necessarily increase along with

17、the frequency high but lower, sometimes higher flap the influence possibility of the type big in lower flap the influence of the type, it will consider more influences that flap a type while comparing SRSS. The bottom shears the dint method in consideration of the special of the structure system to

18、the simplification that flaps a decomposition to respond to compose a method, be the building height not big, took shearing to slice to transform as the lord and the quality to follow height to distribute more even structure with degree just, the structure vibration moved to respond usually with the

19、 first flapped a type for lord, and when the first flapped a type to near to in the straight line, can flap a decomposition method simplification to shear the dint method calculation formula for the basic bottom. The level earthquake function that each quality that this basic formula calculation get

20、 order can better reflection just degree bigger structure, but when structure the basic period was long, the place characteristic period to compare with hour, the calculation income coping earthquake function be partial to small. of course , the Anti-earthquake Norm provision, be the structure basic

21、 period more than 1.4 place characteristic period, at coping additional level earthquake function.(3)the motive theories stage: Along with move understanding and comprehend to the earthquake of deepen continuously, know to some shortage of the reaction table, such as to the earthquake move hold of i

22、nfluence consideration not week, and the exaltation of the calculator function, make the motive method develop gradually, its essence solves a square distance of motive directly, but because of earthquake the ground sport acceleration is very irregular, it cant beg for differential calculus square d

23、istance, it shuts to match a solution, so adopt number integral calculus method more. Usual way of doing is carry on a continuous cent a segment a processing towards having already record of the earthquake wave, each data all see do the constant, then the function get to structure up, pass an equili

24、brium and square distance of motive to beg at the moment of the acceleration, speed, move reaction, moving with ex- the acceleration, speed, the segment to carry on folding to add immediately after folding the result for add as the beginning that descends at that time a segment to start a data, push

25、ing according to this kind, end beg structure at the give for low week again and again the earthquake wave under of the acceleration, speed and move the dint reaction variety process.(4) At American Northridge earthquake in 1994 and Japanese Kobe earthquake in 1995 after, the beautiful day scholar p

26、ut forward again according to the anti- earthquake design method of behavior, it was during the period of usage to make the building structure satisfy various requests that used function according to the basic thought of behavior. Tradition according to the design method dissimilarity of the dint, a

27、djudicate to the structure function mainly is according to move standard, move index sign to come with the different to the structure function to carry on a different control. But descend structure because of the big earthquake of not- flexible transform hard and accurate estimate of, make to can st

28、ay around according to the design method of behavior theoretically. But put forward its aggressive meaning to have 2:00 at least: a. Emphasize the system and the society of the earthquake engineering;b. The part that knows an original anti- earthquake to design norm is unsuited to reasonableness.Con

29、duct and actions according to the foundation of the function anti- earthquake design, should to the particular level earthquake function of a certain covariance meaning under of the structure move, the speed and acceleration carry on accurate valuation, should also have a reasonable of valuation met

30、hod with available valuation tool. It is exactly because of this purpose, put forward and developed the Pushover method and ability to compose a method. The basic way of thinking of the Pushover method is an adoption the quiet dint add to carry, supposing the side of the some penny cloth form toward

31、 lotus to carry a function on the structure, adding to carry gradually until attain the structure control point target to move or the structure break, getting the level side of the control point to move to shear the dint relation curve with substrate thus, evaluating in order to the anti-vibration a

32、bility of the structure. The Pushover method depends on to distribute a form and play the plasticity reaction table target to move to really settle in the side force.2Basic Way of Thinking of Frame Structure Anti-earthquake Design-ductility StandardAfter the flexibility respond table put forward, th

33、e peoples detection computes to gain from here of the structure respond with the actual earthquake the breakage phenomenon of the structure contain certain antinomy, mainly is press the flexibility reaction table to calculate of the structure responded the acceleration as habitual to design the eart

34、hquake dint to take to be worth big quite a few at that time doubly, and took to settle according to the habitual of the function of the design earthquake dint descends the house structure of design, the harm of the structure system wasnt serious in the earthquake.60s last century, the New mark pass

35、ed to start to the beginning of different period just degree homology of the single freedom degree the system carried on analysis under the situation that many waves input, put forward etc. moved the principle and etc. energy principle, and put forward the concept of the structure ductility. Studied

36、 single and free system to accept defeat the level and flexibility thoroughly again from the relation of flapped the biggest not- flexible motive in the period and structure to respond afterward, this be customarily say of the theories of the R- -T effect. Passing these researches, announcing to pub

37、lic the ductility ability and plasticity to consume an ability is a structure Be taking to use to accept defeat level under not high circumstance, at big earthquake under the structure doesnt take place severity to break and doesnt dont tumble down of assurance. Arrive here, concerning the design ea

38、rthquake dints taking the basic problem of the value size have to arrive understanding definitely, be the anti- earthquake the earthquake dint take a value of the size isnt a number of assurance, but with the structure ductility function and consume the ability mechanism related quantity value. Here

39、 what to need to be explain BE, designed the earthquake dint to take a value to resolve a problem only, but to the structure ductility function guarantee of the measure have to can also promise, this will at underneath a section discuss.Currently, the anti- earthquake norms all round the world almos

40、t adopts so a kind of way of thinking: The adoption presses the earthquake strong or weak of possible situation to divide the line earthquake cent area; According to everyplace the history occurrence of the area earthquake of covariance result or to geology structure of the history investigate to ha

41、ve to explicit statistics the meaning establish the sport peak value in waterproof and quasi- ground value acceleration; Make use of again the reaction acceleration that the acceleration reaction composes different period to descend structure to; get a design to use acceleration level through the ea

42、rthquake dint adjustment coefficient R. In the meantime, most nations all approve such standpoint, establishing to defend the earthquake intensity level can take to use a different value, choosing to use to establish to defend the earthquake intensity level more and highly, the ductility request of

43、the structure also more low, choose to use to establish to defend the earthquake intensity level more and lowly, structure of ductility request more high. The structure ductility guarantee of precondition is the ductility of the member, pass again an effectively reasonable conjunction in adopting a

44、series of measure guarantee member the foundation of the ductility, the structure system choice is reasonable in the meantime, the degree just distributes reasonable of under condition ability basic assurance structure of ductility.Underneath this kind of discusses the our country anti- earthquake n

45、orm mostly way of thinking, the current Chinese norm didnt adopt a variety to establish to defend the earthquake intensity level to take to use, but don Ted add a distinction of unify an adoption of the earthquake dint adjustment coefficient R=1/0.35;In the meantime, mostly according to establish a

46、dissimilarity of defend the earthquake intensity, divide the line the different anti- earthquake grade, fix attention on in establish to defend earthquake intensity differently, adopt the anti- earthquake measure of the different assurance ductility. Very obvious here exist a misunderstanding of con

47、cept, also be according to the theories of the R- -T effect, the little more than earthquake dint adjustment coefficient R=1/0.35, should give the same ductility guarantee measure to the structure, but the Chinese norm adopt the different ductility guarantee measure, along with anti- earthquake the

48、exaltation of the grade, ductility guarantee the ability correspond to strengthen. This kind of usefulness of the way of doing under way and not the line motive respond of verification, can describe so as a result mostly: For the district of 8 degrees 0.3 g and 9 degrees 0.4 g, because of correspond

49、 of the anti- earthquake grade is higher, the measure of the guarantee ductility is also stronger, so generally and more safe; And for the district of 6 degrees 0.05 g and 7 degrees 0.1 g, gain from here to of the level earthquake effect be partial to small, the general lotus carries an array, group

50、 is carried the control function by the gravity lotus, although to should of the measure of the guarantee ductility isnt very strong, can also guarantee structure generally under the big earthquake of not- flexible transform of function; But to the district of 7 degrees 0.15 g and 8 degrees 0.2 g, c

51、ircumstance another the person worry, because of at the lotus carry an array, group, the earthquake function can have generally control function, but correspond measure of guarantee the ductility and be partial to weak, so difficult dont need to exist certain potential safety hazard to suffer from.

52、See again other national earthquake dint adjustment coefficient R to choose to use, in order to have kept concrete understanding of view:The earthquake dint adjustment coefficient of all countries norm provisionEuropean common body EC8New Zealand NZS3101American UBC1997Chinese GB50011 - 2001The DCL

53、low ductility2.5The flexibility responds structure1.25General frame3.51/0.35 s 2.86In the DCM ductility3.75Limited ductility structure3.0Medium frame5.5The DCH high ductility5.0Ductility structure6.0Special frame8.53Ability Design MethodTop a part emphasized to discuss the design earthquake dint to

54、take the problem of the value, but wanted to promise structure under the big earthquake of function, also need to establish the valid anti- earthquake measure, make the structure really have need of keep vertical loading under the dint condition not- flexible transform an ability, this be the so-cal

55、led ability design method.Ability design method from New Zealand the reinforced concrete anti- earthquake expert scholars such as the T. Parlay and the R. Park etc. development with initiate, main way of thinking is to the member occasionally member dissimilarity inside the piece is subjected to the

56、 dint form of the loading ability differ of control, promise the reinforced concrete structure formation the beam swing joint organization and ductility bigger is cut noodles to be subjected to the dint breakage appearance, make the structure have to play plasticity to transform function enough, pro

57、mise big earthquake hour have an enough ability to consume to spread function, avoid creation brittleness to break and appear disadvantageous of organization form. The key of the ability design method is the anti- earthquake design that leads the control concept into structure, there is the leading

58、formation of the purpose to the beneficial breakage mechanism is to the structure and break mode, avoid not reasonable of the structure break appearance, and try assurance to anticipate to break part to play plasticity to transform an ability.The ability design method mainly passes the following thr

59、ee kinds of measure to give assurance: 1. Enlarge pillar opposite in the anti- of the beam-curved ability, artificial of leading of the structure swing joint part.2. Raise opposite in is cut the noodles loading dint of the anti- shear ability, avoiding appearing non- ductility to shear to slice brea

60、kage.3. To the part that appears the plasticity swing probably, the adoption corresponds of structure measure, assurance necessity of not- flexible transform function.First, the reasonable part of the swing joint carry on a discussion, all countries mostly of the way of thinking inclines toward to m