利用Nginx替代apache實現(xiàn)高性能的Web環(huán)境

1、利用Nginx替彳apache實現(xiàn)高性能的Web環(huán)境利用Nginx替彳apache實現(xiàn)高性能的Web環(huán)境Nginx介紹：Nginx發(fā)音為enginex,是由俄羅斯人IgorSysoev建立的項目，基于BSD許可。據(jù)說他當(dāng)初是F5的成員之一，英文主頁：。俄羅斯的一些大網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)使用它超過兩年多了，一直表現(xiàn)不凡，相信想了解nginx的朋友都讀過阿葉大哥的利用nginx實現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡的文章相關(guān)鏈接見（六）。測試環(huán)境：紅動中國（redocn）提供運營服務(wù)器環(huán)境.關(guān)于紅動服務(wù)環(huán)境：紅動中國在早期利用apache環(huán)境，再加上一些優(yōu)化的工作，一直是相對很穩(wěn)定，但是最近由于網(wǎng)站發(fā)展，訪問量越來越大，在線人數(shù)一多經(jīng)

2、常出現(xiàn)，負(fù)載過高，性能急劇下降，經(jīng)過雙木站長的同意，考慮是否能利用nginx來代替apache,經(jīng)過長時間的觀察目前nginx工作很穩(wěn)定，系統(tǒng)也不會再說現(xiàn)高負(fù)載的狀況，占用內(nèi)存也很低，訪問速率從用戶體驗來看明顯有提升.關(guān)于紅動中國：紅動中國（redocn）論壇經(jīng)過近1年的快速發(fā)展，目前日均頁面訪問量超過100萬，位居全球設(shè)計論壇（中文）第1位，是國內(nèi)最具影響力的設(shè)計論壇之一。目前論壇擁有近20萬會員，包括眾多設(shè)計界領(lǐng)軍人物在內(nèi)的行業(yè)中堅力量、相關(guān)藝術(shù)院校師生以及部分設(shè)計愛好者等。遷移目標(biāo)：實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)站論壇靜態(tài)化，防盜鏈，下載并發(fā)數(shù)和速率限制，實現(xiàn)原站apache所具有的所有功能，將原apache環(huán)

3、境下的站點全部遷移到Nginx一.PHP（Fastcgi）編譯安裝rootattphp-5.2.4#catin.sh./configure-prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi-enable-fastcgi-enable-discard-path-enable-force-cgi-redirectjwith-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc-enable-zend-multibytewith-mysql=/usr/local/mysqlwith-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2with-gd=/usr/l

4、ocal/gd2mith-jpeg-dirmith-png-dirmith-bz2with-freetype-dirmith-iconv-dirmith-zlib-dirmith-openssH/usr/local/opensslwith-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt-enable-sysvsem-enable-inline-optimization-enable-soap-enable-gd-native-ttA-enable-ftp-enable-mbstringenable-exif-disable-debug-disable-ipv6makemakeinsta

5、llcpphp.ini-dist/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini復(fù)制代碼注:關(guān)于如何安裝gd庫，mysql的編譯安裝，本文將不介紹，本文重點在于介紹nginx的安裝與配置，如想了解其它相關(guān)的問題可以到LinuxPk去找相關(guān)的貼子( HYPERLINK )二.Nginx編譯安裝1.創(chuàng)建nginx運行用戶和虛擬主機(jī)目錄groupaddwww-g48useradd-u48-gwwwwwwmkdir-p/data/www/wwwrootchown-Rwww:www/data/www/wwwroot復(fù)制代碼2.安裝lighttpd中附帶的spawn-fcgi，用來啟動php

6、-cgi先編譯安裝lighttpd產(chǎn)生spawn-fcgi二進(jìn)制文件.cd/usr/local/src/lighttpd-1.4.18 HYPERLINK / /cpsrc/spawn-fcgi/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/復(fù)制代碼啟動php-cgi進(jìn)程，監(jiān)聽的8085端口，進(jìn)程數(shù)為250（如果服務(wù)器內(nèi)存小于可以只開啟25個進(jìn)程），用戶為www：/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi-a-p8085-C250-uwww-f/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi3.nginx的安裝與配置安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫： HY

7、PERLINK /exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gz /exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gztarzxvfpcre-7.2.tar.gzcdpcre-7.2/./configuremake&makeinstallcd./ HYPERLINK http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gztarzxvfnginx-0.5.32.tar.gzcdnginx-0.5.32./configureuser=www-group=www-prefix=/usr

8、/local/nginx/with-http_stub_status_moduleth-openssl=/usr/local/opensslmake&makeinstall復(fù)制代碼此模塊非核心模塊，需要在編譯的時候手動添加編譯參數(shù)-with-http_stub_status_moduleI，：fIlli配置nginx三.Nginx主配置文件及PHP支持.1.nginx.conf主配置文件的配置#cd/usr/local/nginx/conf/#cpnginx.confnginx.conf.cao#cat/dev/nullnginx.conf3GB ，wi#vinginx.conf/主配置文件u

9、serwwwwww;worker_processes10;#error_loglogs/error.log;#error_loglogs/error.lognotice;#error_loglogs/error.loginfo;pid/var/run/nginx.pid;#Specifiesthevalueformaximumfiledescriptorsthatcanbeopenedbythisprocess.worker_rlimit_nofile51200;eventsuseepoll;#maxclient=worker_processes*worker_connections/cpu_

10、numberworker_connections51200;httpincludeconf/mime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;log_formatmain$remote_add-r$remote_user$time_local$request$status$body_bytes_sent$http_referer$http_user_agent$http_x_forwarded_for;#access_log/data/www/logs/access.logmain;#sendfileon;tcp_nopushon;tcp_node

11、layoff;keepalive_timeout60;client_header_timeout3m;client_body_timeout3m;send_timeout3m;connection_pool_size256;client_header_buffer_size1k;large_client_header_buffers42k;request_pool_size4k;output_buffers432k;postpone_output1460;client_max_body_size10m;client_body_buffer_size256k;client_body_temp_p

12、ath/dev/shm/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path/usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path/usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;#gzipgzipon;gzip_http_version1.0;gzip_comp_level2;gzip_proxiedany;gzip_typestext/plaintext/htmltext/cssapplication/x-javascripttext/xmlapplication/xmlapplication/xmlrsstext/javascri

13、pt;gzip_min_length1100;gzip_buffers48k;#Thefollowingincludesarespecifiedforvirtualhosts/以下是加載虛擬主機(jī)配置.# HYPERLINK includeconf/vhosts/www_redocn_com.conf;#includeconf/vhosts/bbs_redocn_com.conf;#includeconf/vhosts/blog_redocn_com.conf;#includeconf/vhosts/down_redocn_com.conf;復(fù)制代碼2.配置支持Fastcgi模式的PHProot

14、redocnconf#catenable_php5.conffastcgi_pass:8085;fastcgi_indexindex.php;fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWAREnginx;#newacupload#fastcgi_pass_request_bodyoff;#client_body_in_file_onlyclean;#fastcgi_paramREQUEST_BODY_FILE$request_body_file;#fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING$query_s

15、tring;fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD$request_method;fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE$content_type;fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH$content_length;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI$request_uri;fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_UR

16、I$document_uri;fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT$document_root;fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL$server_protocol;fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR$remote_addr;fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT$remote_port;fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR$server_addr;fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT$server_port;fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$server_name;#PHPonly,requi

17、redifPHPwasbuiltwith-enable-force-cgi-redirectfastcgi_paramREDIRECT_STATUS200;復(fù)制代碼四，多虛擬主機(jī)應(yīng)用配置案例.#mkdir/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/建立虛擬主機(jī)配置存放目錄1./首站配置rootredocnvhosts#viwww_redocn_com.confserverlisten80;server_;indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/data/www/wwwroot;error_page404 HYPERLINK ;rewriteA

18、/bbs/(.*) HYPERLINK / /$1;location.*.php?$includeconf/enable_php5.conf;復(fù)制代碼注:關(guān)于rewite需求,紅動中國希望當(dāng)用戶訪問 HYPERLINK /bbs /bbs的時候自動轉(zhuǎn)至 HYPERLINK 在原apache中利用redirect實現(xiàn)Redirect/bbs HYPERLINK 本文中在nginx下利用rewrite實現(xiàn):rewriteA/bbs/(.*) HYPERLINK / /$1;2.rootredocnvhostsvibbs_redocn_com.confserverlisten80;server_;i

19、ndexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/home/www/htdocs/bbs;access_log/var/log/nginx/access_.logcombined;location/#bbsrewriterewriteA/archiver/(fid|tid)-w-.html)$/archiver/index.php?$1last;rewriteA/forum-(0-9)-(0-9).html$/forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2last;rewriteA/thread-(0-9)-(0-9)-(0-9).html$/view

20、thread.php?tid=$1&extra=page=$3&page=$2last;rewriteA/space-(username|uid)-(.).html$/space.php?$1=$2last;rewriteA/tag-(.).html$/tag.php?name=$1last;break;#errorerror_page404/index.php;#redirectservererrorpagestothestaticpage/50 x.htmlerror_page500502503504/50 x.html;location=/50 x.htmlroothtml;#Preve

21、ntinghotlinkingofimagesandotherfiletypeslocation*A.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$valid_referersnoneblockedserver_names*.*.*.*.*.*.*.cn*.;if($invalid_referer)rewrite/ HYPERLINK /images/redocn.gif /images/redocn.gif;#return403;#supportphplocation.*.php?$includeconf/enable_php5.conf;復(fù)制代碼注:紅動中國采用高性能的Dis

22、cuz!論壇，原apache的rewrite規(guī)則幾乎不要做什么修改即可全部移植到nginx下.靜態(tài)化配置見面上面的:#bbsrewrite部分.一般論壇都希望實現(xiàn)防盜鏈功能，在apache很輕松實現(xiàn)？在nginx下是否容易實現(xiàn)呢？答案是肯定的.#Preventinghotlinkingofimagesandotherfiletypesvalid_referersnoneblockedserver_names*.你允許連接的網(wǎng)址if($invalid_referer)rewrite/ HYPERLINK /images/redocn.gif /images/redocn.gif;/讓另II人盜鏈

23、時顯示你指定的圖片.#return403;復(fù)制代碼3.rootredocnvhosts#viblog_redocn_com.confserverlisten80;server_;indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/data/www/wwwroot/blog;error_page404 HYPERLINK ;#supsiterewriterewriteA(0-9)/spacelist(.*)$index.php?$1/action_spacelist$2;rewriteA(0-9)/viewspace_(.)$index.php?$1/action_vi

24、ewspace_itemid_$2;rewriteA(0-9)/viewbbs_(.)$index.php?$1/action_viewbbs_tid_$2;rewriteA(0-9)/(.*)$index.php?$1/$2;rewriteA(0-9)$index.php?$1;rewriteAaction_(.)$index.php?action_$1;rewriteAcategory_(.)$index.php?action_category_catid_$1;rewriteAitemlist_(.)$index.php?action_itemlist_catid_$1;rewriteA

25、viewnews_(.)$index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$1;rewriteAviewthread_(.)$index.php?action_viewthread_tid_$1;rewriteAindex(.a-zA-Z0-9*)$index.php;rewriteAhtml/(0-9)/viewnews_itemid_(0-9).html$index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$2;rewriteA/(0-9)/spacelist(.)$/index.php?uid/$1/action/spacelist/type$2;rewr

26、iteA/(0-9)/viewspace(.)$/index.php?uid/$1/action/viewspace/itemid$2;rewriteA/(0-9)/viewbbs(.)$/index.php?uid/$1/action/viewbbs/tid$2;rewriteA/(0-9)/(.*)$/index.php?uid/$1/$2;rewriteA/(0-9)$/index.php?uid/$1;rewriteA/action(.)$/index.php?action$1;rewriteA/category(.)$/index.php?action/category/catid$

27、1;rewriteA/viewnews(.)$/index.php?action/viewnews/itemid$1;rewriteA/viewthread(.)$/index.php?action/viewthread/tid$1;rewriteA/mygroup(.)$/index.php?action/mygroup/gid$1;location.*.php?$includeconf/enable_php5.conf;復(fù)制代碼注:blog采用功能強(qiáng)大的Supesite作為Blog站點:/1.Blog如何在Nginx里實現(xiàn)靜態(tài)化，具體設(shè)置見，上面的#supesiterewrite.root

28、redocnvhosts#vidown_redocn_com.conflimit_zoneone$binary_remote_addr10m;serverlisten80;server_;indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;root/data/www/wwwroot/down;error_page404/index.php;#redirectservererrorpagestothestaticpage/50 x.htmlerror_page500502503504/50 x.html;location=/50 x.htmlroothtml;#Zonelimitlocation/limit_connone1;limit_rate20k;#servestaticfileslocationA/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|stat