《外貿(mào)文體翻譯》PPT課件(PPT 36頁)

1、外貿(mào)文體翻譯 第1頁，共36頁。必要性外貿(mào)英語主宰著國際交流，國際交流離不開外貿(mào)英語。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，全世界16億以英語為第一語言、第二語言或外語的人群中幾乎90%的人每天都在與外貿(mào)英語打交道中國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易規(guī)模和合作領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)大，外貿(mào)漢英互譯的任務(wù)日趨繁多,使對(duì)外貿(mào)易各行各業(yè)的翻譯從業(yè)人員應(yīng)接不暇 第2頁，共36頁。第二節(jié) 外貿(mào)英語文體風(fēng)格和詞語特點(diǎn)實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)、具有顯著的行業(yè)特征。文體正式，語法結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語義精確，無歧義現(xiàn)象。在規(guī)定貿(mào)易雙方當(dāng)事人的各項(xiàng)權(quán)利和義務(wù)方面準(zhǔn)確、規(guī)范、完整、清楚、具體。涉及到營銷學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、金融學(xué)、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)、法學(xué)和管理學(xué)等許多邊緣學(xué)科的知識(shí)第3頁，共36頁。2. 1. 外貿(mào)英語

2、文體的風(fēng)格2.1.1. 詞語選用得體，表達(dá)力求清楚 無論是報(bào)道經(jīng)貿(mào)新聞的文章，書寫外貿(mào)信函，草擬商務(wù)文件，還是進(jìn)行外貿(mào)談判，詞語選要求正確、得體、簡單明了。第4頁，共36頁。2.1.1.選詞得體，表達(dá)清楚例句: Thank you for your letter of 15 September. I note that you will be in the UK during the whole of November. We are quite interested by the fashion knitwear illustrated in your catalogue. As a fas

3、hion chain，we might consider having some of our own designs manufactured in China. Please let me know when you would like to call on us. The week beginning 6 November would suit me best. I look forward to meeting you and discussing this matter.譯文：感謝9月15日的來信。欣聞閣下將于11月在英國逗留一個(gè)月。本公司對(duì)貴公司商品目錄中的針織時(shí)裝深感興趣。現(xiàn)正

4、研究設(shè)計(jì)款式，在中國制造后寄本公司時(shí)裝連鎖店發(fā)售。 如能于11月6日或其后數(shù)天抽空來訪，當(dāng)感激不盡。 期待與您會(huì)面，商討有關(guān)事宜。第5頁，共36頁。2.1.2. 用詞簡練，避免啰嗦1. at this timenow2. a draft in the amount of $2 000a draft for $2 0003. enclosed here withhere4. endorse on the back of this checkendorse this check5. in accordance with your requestat your request6. for the p

5、rice of $500for $500 第6頁，共36頁。2.1.3. 商業(yè)術(shù)語，言簡意賅為了表達(dá)方便，節(jié)約時(shí)間，外貿(mào)語言中形成了一系列的商業(yè)術(shù)語：CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）是價(jià)格術(shù)語，表示“到岸價(jià)”O(jiān)/C（Outward Collection）是貿(mào)易術(shù)語，表示“進(jìn)口托收”B/D（Bank Draft）是金融術(shù)語，表示“銀行匯票”GDP（Gross Domestic Product）是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語，表示“國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值”CPI（Consumer Price Index）是營銷學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語，表示“消費(fèi)(品)價(jià)格指數(shù)”C/A（Current Account）是

6、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語，表示“往來賬戶”第7頁，共36頁。2.1.4. 語言樸實(shí)，風(fēng)格簡單 Your kindness in granting us the term and confirming our orders was highly appreciated. Thank you for granting us the term and confirming our orders.譯文：請(qǐng)貴方同意我方付款方式并確認(rèn)我方定單，我方不勝感激。 以上兩句中，第句商業(yè)套話濃重，顯得文過飾非，矯揉做作，不適合商務(wù)語域；而第句開門見山，簡明易懂，適合商務(wù)場合的要求。第8頁，共36頁。2.1.5. 句子精練，表達(dá)

7、有效例句：All offers by telex are open for five days.譯文：所有電傳開盤五天內(nèi)有效。offer開盤、報(bào)盤be open有效具有外貿(mào)語域的特殊語言特點(diǎn)和精僻的文風(fēng)。第9頁，共36頁。2.1.6. 邏輯合理，意義連貫邏輯合理，包括句子結(jié)構(gòu)合理，段落安排合理，語篇思維合理。意義連貫，即句與句之間語義連貫，段與段之間內(nèi)容連貫，上下文之間思路連貫。 第10頁，共36頁。2.1.7. 待客之道，禮貌客套 外貿(mào)實(shí)務(wù)的最終目的是達(dá)成和對(duì)方在商業(yè)上的交易，因此禮貌客套成為外貿(mào)英語語體中又一個(gè)不可忽視的方面。有時(shí)使用特殊的句型，例如：We look forward to

8、your prompt reply with much interest；We appreciate it that；We are very glad to hear from you.第11頁，共36頁。2.2. 外貿(mào)英語詞語的特點(diǎn)2.2.1一詞多義例一：Floating policy （統(tǒng)保單） is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of floating similar export transactions

9、 are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.floating policy統(tǒng)保單 例二：It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central bank

10、s were no longer required to support their own currencies.floating exchange rate浮動(dòng)匯率第12頁，共36頁。2.2.1一詞多義例二：If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance. The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft. The bank is said to discount the

11、draft.discount貼現(xiàn)，即指未到期的票據(jù)向銀行融資，銀行扣取自買進(jìn)日至到期日的利息，并收取一定的手續(xù)費(fèi)后，將余下的票面金額支付給持票人。You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis. discount 折扣第13頁，共36頁。2.2.2以虛指實(shí)的用詞 外貿(mào)英語中的抽象名詞在很多情況下也可變成可數(shù)名詞，表示比較具體的東西，翻譯應(yīng)該把虛化為實(shí)，使之具體化，從而使譯文更為貼切。例一: Thank you for informing us about the damage to our shipment. 譯文：感

12、謝你們通知我們有關(guān)所交貨物的損壞情況。例二: The United States is a heavy consumer of natural resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. 譯文：美國是自然資源消費(fèi)大國，不斷依賴對(duì)這些資源，特別是對(duì)石油的進(jìn)口。例三: Trade in goods is known as visible imports and exports where that in services, invisible. 譯文：商品交換是進(jìn)出口的有形貿(mào)易，而

13、勞務(wù)進(jìn)出口是無形貿(mào)易。第14頁，共36頁。2.2.3名詞復(fù)數(shù)變義 在外貿(mào)英語中，有些名詞在從單數(shù)構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞義發(fā)生了變化。有些名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義截然不同，復(fù)數(shù)意義并非單數(shù)意義的擴(kuò)展或引申，也非聯(lián)想意義。處理這類詞的翻譯時(shí)需要認(rèn)真辨析，不能簡單當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)概念看待。如以下各例所示：第15頁，共36頁。例一：The Customs formalities are very simple. 譯文：海關(guān)手續(xù)很簡單。Custom的意思為“習(xí)慣、風(fēng)俗、慣例”，但其復(fù)數(shù)形式 Customs 則為“海關(guān)”。例二： Russian government confiscated his goods and chatt

14、els. 譯文：俄羅斯政府沒收了他的私人財(cái)產(chǎn)。句中的goods的含義為“商品、貨物、動(dòng)產(chǎn)”，而其單數(shù)形式的名詞含義為“好、好事、利益、好處”等。第16頁，共36頁。2.3.2了解不同的文化例一：We are interested in the samples you sent to us on July 4 and have decided to place a trial order for 300 kilo of black tea and 400 kilo of golden sugar, but only if you can guarantee dispatch in time to

15、 reach us by the end of July.譯文：對(duì)于貴公司7月4日寄來的樣品我們非常有興趣。現(xiàn)決定試定300公斤紅茶和400公斤赤砂糖。惟請(qǐng)保證能在7月底之前及時(shí)交貨。black tea 、golden sugar 分別譯成“紅茶”和“赤砂糖”，符合中國人的文化習(xí)慣。第17頁，共36頁。例二：World trade, lifeblood of the post World War II global boom, had begun contracting.譯文：世界貿(mào)易曾是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后全球繁榮的命根子，但是現(xiàn)已開始萎縮。Lifeblood原意為 blood necessar

16、y to life，如果將lifeblood翻譯成“生命需要的血”，則不符合漢語表達(dá)的習(xí)慣。 第18頁，共36頁。2.3.3注意詞匯慣用法和搭配 熟悉和掌握英語的慣用法和搭配可以幫助我們克服本民族語言和文化的影響而產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤，避免直譯或不合習(xí)慣的類推，提高翻譯質(zhì)量。例一：The exporter has drawn a draft on the importer for USD 5,800 with relevant shipping documents attached.譯文：出口方開立了一張金額為5,800 美元、以進(jìn)口方為付款人的匯票，隨附相關(guān)貨運(yùn)單據(jù)。to draw a draft開立

17、匯票第19頁，共36頁。例二：The importer draws a cheque in favor of the exporter. 譯文：進(jìn)口商開了一張付款給出口商的支票。 句中的in favor of根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)譯為“以某某為受益人”，而不應(yīng)譯為“支持”或“有利于”。例三：This trade company is in the red. 譯文：該貿(mào)易公司陷入負(fù)債之中。 在商務(wù)英語中，in the red意為負(fù)債、虧損，與顏色之意無關(guān)。第20頁，共36頁。第三節(jié) 外貿(mào)英語翻譯的原則具備較高的英語水平和較全面的國際經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)知識(shí) 掌握外貿(mào)英語翻譯的原則：忠實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、統(tǒng)一第21頁，共36頁。

18、3. 1. 外貿(mào)英語翻譯的忠實(shí)原則3.1.1語義忠實(shí)，信息等值例一：Now the Bank of China also deals in such business as project financing, medium and long-term export credits, cash management, international syndicated loans，bonds, swaps and practicing the management of assets and liabilities with a view to limiting the interest rat

19、e and exchange rate risks and to achieving rational coordination of profitability, liquidity and security of its funds.原譯文：現(xiàn)在，為了限制利率和匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，取得其資金的贏利性、流動(dòng)性和安全性的合理協(xié)調(diào)，中國銀行還經(jīng)營諸如項(xiàng)目融資、中期和長期出口貸款、現(xiàn)金管理、國際銀團(tuán)貸款、債券、掉期、資產(chǎn)貸款管理等業(yè)務(wù)。正確譯文：現(xiàn)在，為了限制利率和匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，取得其資金的贏利性、流動(dòng)性和安全性的合理協(xié)調(diào)，中國銀行還經(jīng)營諸如項(xiàng)目融資、中期和長期出口信貸、現(xiàn)金管理、國際銀團(tuán)貸款、債券、掉期、資產(chǎn)

20、負(fù)債管理等業(yè)務(wù)。第22頁，共36頁。3.1.1語義忠實(shí)，信息等值例二：客商從開發(fā)區(qū)企業(yè)分得的利潤匯出境外時(shí)，免征所得稅。原譯文：Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone enterprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China. 正確譯文：Dividend gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone enterprises will

21、 be exempted from personal income tax when remitted out of China.第23頁，共36頁。3.1.2. 語體相當(dāng)，表達(dá)確切 外貿(mào)翻譯要求在譯文措詞、句法、格式、語氣等方面符合經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易信息傳遞的需要。語體是否相當(dāng)是外貿(mào)翻譯成功的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。例一：The actual date of the completion of the purchase shall coincide with the availability of the new facilities.原譯文：到新設(shè)備供應(yīng)時(shí)再進(jìn)貨。正確譯文：購買達(dá)成的實(shí)際日期應(yīng)為新設(shè)備送到之日。第

22、24頁，共36頁。例二：熱烈歡迎國內(nèi)外客商來我廠洽談?dòng)嗁彙Ｗg文1：We warmly welcome both Chinese and foreign businessmen to come to our factory to hold trade talks and place orders.譯文2：We welcome enquiries and orders.第25頁，共36頁。3.2. 外貿(mào)英語翻譯的準(zhǔn)確原則選詞要準(zhǔn)確概念表達(dá)要確切物與名所指要正確例一：Your shipping advice should be sent to us within 24 hours after shi

23、pment. 譯文：你方的“已發(fā)貨通知”應(yīng)在裝運(yùn)后24小時(shí)之內(nèi)發(fā)送我方。例二：We trust that the above-mentioned shipping instructions is clear to you and hope that the shipment will give the users entire satisfaction. 譯文：我們相信貴方已了解了上述“裝運(yùn)通知”的內(nèi)容，并希望此貨物會(huì)讓客戶滿意。第26頁，共36頁。3.3. 外貿(mào)英語翻譯的統(tǒng)一原則3.3.1. 掌握固定的表達(dá)詞匯三資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprises絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論abso

24、lute advantage theory 保稅區(qū) Foreign Trade Zone 相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論 comparative advantage 貿(mào)易盈余 trade surplus 可兌換貨幣 convertible currency 第27頁，共36頁。3.3.1.1. 關(guān)于索賠方面的譯法例一：Weve given your claim our careful consideration. 譯文：我們已經(jīng)就你們提出的索賠做了仔細(xì)研究。例二：We filed a claim with (against) you for the short weight. 譯文：關(guān)于短重問題，我們已經(jīng)向你方

25、提出索賠。 例三：The Chinese representative and Mr. Bake discussed the claim. 譯文：中方代表與貝克先生商談了索賠問題。 例四：We have received your remittance in settlement of our claim. 譯文：我們已經(jīng)收到你方解決我們索賠問題的匯款。第28頁，共36頁。3.3.1.2. 關(guān)于貨物檢驗(yàn)方面的譯法例一：Shall we take up the question of inspection today？ 譯文：今天咱們討論商品檢驗(yàn)問題吧。 例二：As an integral pa

26、rt of the contract, the inspection of goods has its special importance. 譯文：作為合同里的一個(gè)組成部分，商品檢驗(yàn)具有特殊的重要性。例三：The exporters have the right to inspect the export goods before delivery to the shipping line. 譯文：出口商在向船運(yùn)公司托運(yùn)前有權(quán)檢驗(yàn)商品。 例四：The inspection should be completed within a month after the arrival of the

27、goods. 譯文：商品檢驗(yàn)工作在到貨后一個(gè)月內(nèi)完成。 第29頁，共36頁。3.3.1.3. 關(guān)于貨物運(yùn)輸方面的譯法例一：We arrange shipments to any part of the world. 譯文：我們承攬去世界各地的貨物運(yùn)輸。 例二：From what Ive heard youre ready well up in shipping work. 譯文：據(jù)我所知，您對(duì)運(yùn)輸工作很在行。例三：What is your specific transport requirement? 譯文：你們需要的運(yùn)輸條件是什么？ 例四：It will cause a lot of pro

28、blems in our transportation. 譯文：這將給我們的運(yùn)輸帶來很多問題。第30頁，共36頁。3.3.1.5. 關(guān)于貨物保險(xiǎn)方面的譯法例一：what is the insurance premium?譯文：保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)是多少？例二：Mr. Zhang met Mr. William in the office of the People Insurance Company of China.譯文：張先生在中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司的辦公室接待了威廉先生。例三：This information office provides clients with information on cargo

29、 insurance.譯文：這個(gè)問訊處為顧客提供大量關(guān)于貨物投保方面的信息。例四：The underwriters are responsible for the claim as far as it is within the scope of cover.譯文：只要是在保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)，保險(xiǎn)公司就應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)賠償。第31頁，共36頁。3.3.1.6. 關(guān)于價(jià)格方面的譯法例一：Business is closed at this price. 譯文：交易就按此價(jià)敲定。 例二：Your price is acceptable (unacceptable). 譯文：你方價(jià)格可以（不可以）接受。 例三：Y

30、our price is convincing (not convincing). 譯文：你方價(jià)格有吸引力（無吸引力）。 例四：Your price is competitive (not competitive). 譯文：你方價(jià)格有競爭力（無競爭力）。 第32頁，共36頁。3.3.2. 掌握外貿(mào)詞匯的不同用法 例一：floating （一）Under the floating exchange rate system, Central banks were no long required to support their own currencies. 譯文：在浮動(dòng)匯率體制下，各國中央銀行也就無須維持本幣的匯價(jià)了。（二）Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods. 譯文：統(tǒng)保單對(duì)出口貿(mào)易至關(guān)重要。它實(shí)際上是貨物保險(xiǎn)中的一種便利的辦法。第33頁，共36頁。3.3.2. 掌握外貿(mào)詞匯的不同用法 例二： confirm （一）We would like to inform you that our counter