英語專業(yè)四級語法重點匯總【楊順國】

1、英語專四語法重點匯總一.非謂語動詞的主要考點.有些典型動詞后面可以接上不定式或動名詞來做賓語的，但 是在意思上是有區(qū)別的，主要?？嫉降膭釉~羅列如下：mean to do想要（做某事） VS mean doing意味（做某事） propose to do打算（做某事） VS propose doing建議（做某事） forget to do忘記（要做的事） VS forget doing忘記（已做的事） remember to do 記得（要做某事） VS remember doing 記得（做過） go on to do繼而（做另一件事）VS go on doing繼續(xù)（做原來的事） stop

2、 to do停下來去做另一件事 VS stop doing停止正在做的事 regret to do （對將要做的事）遺感VS regret doing （對已做過的事）后悔.不定式的習慣用法典型句型整理如下：如：cannot help but do-“不得不做某事”如：cannot but do-“不禁做某事”如： cannot choose but do不由自主地做某事”如：can do nothing but do-“不能不做某事”如： have no choice but to do-“只能做某事”如： have no alternative but to do-“只能做某事”例句： T

3、he boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful第1頁共40頁 instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose butlook back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.動名詞的習慣用法典型動名詞的習慣句型整理羅列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：Its no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste tim

4、e doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶灑了，哭也沒用；后悔是沒有用的；覆水難受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in s

5、cience after all.形容詞與副詞及其比較級.形容詞的句法功能第2頁共40頁形容詞通常在句子中用做定語、表語與主語的語法成分，通常考到的知識點總結如下：以“a”開頭的形容詞如 “alone、“alike、“asleep、“awake” 等一般不能做前置定語， 通常是做表語或后置定語的例句：Jerry didnt pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he

6、 seemed to havefallen asleep(2)某些以副詞詞綴“-ly”結尾的詞其實是形容詞，不能看錯是副詞，例如 “ friendly、“l(fā)eisurely、“l(fā)ovely” 等(3)下列動詞既是實義動詞又是系動詞，注意用做系動詞時，要求形容詞做表語這些典型單詞羅列如下：remain、 keep、 become、 get、 grow、 go、 come、turn、 stay、 stancl、 run、 prove、 seem、 appear、 “l(fā)ook” 等例句： The situation remains tensebetween the two countries at

7、this juncture.在這個節(jié)骨眼上，兩國形勢仍然持續(xù)緊張。There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperation will prove unworkable.這種合作模式大有可能行不通。第3頁共40頁.某些詞雖然不用比較級形式卻自身帶有比較概念這些典型詞匯總結如下：inferior、 minor、 senior、 prior、 prefer to、 superior、 “major“、junior“、preferable“、differ from 、acompared with”、“in compariso

8、n with “、 different from “、 rather than” 等例句： After visiting at weekends, I think their villa is superior to all the other villas in the countryside.有關比較級的特殊句型not so much as 與其說還不如說例句： The major reason for his suicide isn t so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.no/n

9、ot any more than兩者一樣都不例句：It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain altogether.no /not any less than兩者樣者B例句：I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior highschool, and particularly speakin

10、g, mathematics was no any less good than physics at that time.just as so 正如，也(會使用到倒裝結構)例如：Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food, so is the ice第4頁共40頁cream.二、虛擬語氣簡明概述：虛擬語氣是指說話人講話的內容與現(xiàn)實或事實相反, 是一種主觀假想的情況。時態(tài)：可表示 過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，特征是時態(tài)相應退后.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的主觀假設:條件從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時 改為 一般過去時注：be動詞一律改為 wereshould/would/co

11、uld/might + 動詞原形例句：If there were an English dictionary, we could consult it for this difficult word.If my bigger brother were here, he would do us a favor to move the heavy box.與過去事實相反的主觀假設：第5頁共40頁條件從句主句一般過去時改為過去完成時should/would/could/might+have +過去分詞例句：If he had studied more diligently, he would hav

12、e passedthe exam undoubtedly.If my favorite teacher had been here yesterday, I would have paid more attention to the lesson.If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.與將來事實相反的主觀假設:條件從句主句一般過去時注：be動詞一律改為 wereshould/would/could/might + 動詞原形were + to do sthshould +

13、動詞原形例句：If you made great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.第6頁共40頁 If you were to make great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.混合條件句：主句和條件從句所發(fā)生的

14、時間點不一致， 這個時候就需要根據各自的時態(tài)進行倒退來做相應修改。例句：If you had finished your homework by yourself yesterday （過去）, you would not copy other s answers in a hurry （現(xiàn)在）If you had asked your mother how to cook last week （過去）,you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish （現(xiàn)在）虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中有 were, should, had,則需要倒裝。倒

15、裝方法：將if省略,再把were, should, had挪到從句的句首。注：如果從句中沒有 were, should, had,則不能省略if,也不 可倒裝。例句:第7頁共40頁 原句：If my bigger brother were here, he would help us to move the heavy box.倒裝： Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.原句：If the child had been more careful, he would not have made s

16、uch a foolish mistake.倒裝： Had the child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.原句：If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.倒裝：Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.虛擬語氣

17、詞：should很簡單，三種形式It is suggested/requested/ordered, etC 具有命令，建議，要求等口吻的動詞過去分詞）+ that sb should （should可省略）do （動詞原形）sth.注：這類動詞還可以有其他三種從句形式來代替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students （should） use dictionary in exam.第8頁共40頁賓語從句：I suggest that students (should) use dictionary in exam.表語從句：My suggestion is tha

18、t students (should) use dictionary in exam.同位語從句：I provided a suggestion that students (should) use dictionary in exam.It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc.(帶有主觀 色彩的形容詞)+ that sb (should) do sth.It is a pity/a shame, etc.(名詞性詞組)+ that sb (should) do sth.虛擬語氣特殊句型：It is high (high可省略)time that

19、 該是的時候了“that”從句動詞可以用過去時should (不能省略)+動詞原形例句：It is (high) time that we should draw up a contract.It is (high) time that we drew up a contract.(草擬合同)第9頁共40頁含蓄虛擬語氣除了常規(guī)的連詞if以外，還可以借助其他介詞、介詞詞組、句 子來引導虛擬語氣從句。Without 要是沒有 ”例句： Without the rescue of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.But

20、 for 要不是”例句：But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.Under”在某種情況下”例句： Under such circumstances the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.With有的前提下”例句： With the data collected one month earlier, we could finish the

21、 project more efficiently.In the absence of “如果沒有 ”例句：In the absence of law, women would continue to lack their rights to vote on their own.第10頁共40頁Otherwise “否則”例句： We didn know his educational background and achievement in this field, otherwise we would have fired him.If it were not for要不是 （用于現(xiàn)在的情

22、況）”例句:If it were not for the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China, we could not lead a happy life.If it had not been for要不是 （用于過去/已經發(fā)生的情況）”例句：If it had not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.倒裝： Had it not been for my illness, I would have att

23、ended this important meeting last Monday.as if/as though好像 似的”按照具體的語境，既可以用虛擬語氣（表示與實際情況相反、主觀臆斷）、也可以用陳述語氣（表示實現(xiàn)的可能性較大或所說情況即是事實）例句：Time can take away our happiness and sadness as if/though it was第11頁共40頁 endowed with magic power.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣）My teacher has contributed herself a lot as if/though she was

24、 a candle, which lights others and consumes itself.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的 虛擬語氣）The student studied industriously as if/though he had never felt tired and exhausted.（與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣）The boy still stays calm as if/though he has known the beginning and the end of the matteralready.（就是事實，按實際的時態(tài)即可）四、定語從句簡明概述：定語從句在句中充當定語

25、的角色，修飾句中前面所提 到的名/代詞。被修飾的名/代詞稱為先行詞。關系代詞 (who, whom, whose, which, that:注：沒有what關系代詞所代替的主要是人或物的名/代詞，在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。who, whom, that都可代替人例句：第12頁共40頁Is the boy who/that cheated in the examination? （who/that 作為從 句主語，代替the boy）He is the man whom/that we wont recruit due to his criminal records. （who/that

26、 作為從句賓語，代替 the man）whose可指代人或物注：如果whose指物的話，也可以用 of which來代替。例句：Our conversation was stopped by a man whose hair is blonde.I lent him this bookwhosepages curled up due to my constant use.=I lent him this book the pages of which curled up due to my constant use.which, that代替事物例句：We ll never forget th

27、e atrocious violence which/that was committed by Japanese soldiers.Is that fashion show （which/that） you were talking about just now?（作賓語時可省）關系副詞（when, where, why）:關系副詞分別代替的先行詞為時間、地點和原因，在從句中充當第13頁共40頁狀語的角色。注：when, where, why也可用“介詞 + which”來代替。例句：This was the moment when/at which the two sides reache

28、d a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xi an is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in which millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reasonwhy/for which there is a severe shortage of funds for our research?注：that是可以代替關系副詞的，即that可取代“when, where,why”

29、和“介詞+which”的形式。（在口語中that可省略） 注：介詞后面的關系詞不能省略，而且that前不能有介詞例句轉換：This was the moment that the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xi an is one of the most famous cultural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reason that there i

30、s a severe shortage of funds for our research?限制性/非限制性定語從句第14頁共40頁重點概括整理：限制性定語從句 先行詞是不能省略的,因為省了 先行詞的話，句子的意思就會變得不完整和不明確， 缺少必要的 說明解釋。而非限制性定語從句 是先行詞的額外說明,是可以省 略的，省了也不會影響句子的意思和整體性，弁且與主句之間常用“隔開。比較例句：This is the book（which/that） I bought yesterday.（限制性） This book, I bought yesterday, is very inspiring. （非

31、限制性）通常是非限制性定語從句的情況分析：Steven Spielberg, （whom） I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field, won another Oscar Award this year.（專有名詞 /人名）My beloved dog, （which） I bought 5 years ago, has caught a bad cold recently.（有物主代詞的時候）This experiment, which was conducted last weekends, proves to be a big

32、success.（有指示代詞的時候）Her child was always absent-minded in learning and failed in exams,第15頁共40頁which made her disappointed once again. （由 which 代替整句主句）關系代詞that的特殊用法總結（只能用 that的情況）：先行詞既包含人又包含物，只用 that,不用which例句：The volunteers were talking about the nonprofit organization and its staff that made an inde

33、lible impression on them.當不定代詞作為先行詞（如 anyone, anything, nothing, any, everything, something little, few, much, all 等），只用 that, 不用which例句： He shared everything with us that aroused his interest in chemistry at school.先行詞用the only/very修飾時，只用that,不用 which例句：The girl is the only student that will blush

34、with shyness when talking with boys.先行詞是序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不用which 例句：The first English award that I won was an English debate competition held by Foreign Languages Institute at my university.第16頁共40頁This was the busiest period that we spent last year in project-consulting and research industry.在

35、There be句型中，只用that,不用 which例句：There was a ship that passed through a strait.五、名詞性從句簡明概述：名詞性從句在句中相當于名詞詞組/成分。由于它在 復合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此名詞性從句（總 稱）又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句 等。引導名詞性從句的連接詞重點概括如下：.連接詞：that, whether, if （只起連接主句和從句的作用，在 從句中不作任何成分）注：that-從句作主語時,常用it作先 行詞放在句首作為形式主語， 而將that-從句放在句末，避免 頭重腳輕。1.

36、It is necessary (a.) that -2. It is known -ed 分詞 that3. It is a pity (n.) that4. It seems (vi.) that第17頁共40頁.連接代詞： what （whatever）, who （whoever）, whom, whose, which （whichever）.連接副詞： when, where, why, how注：連接代詞和連接副詞作主語時，也常用it作先行詞放在句首 作為形式主語。例句：It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persis

37、tently to send the young boy abroad for further study.It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.注（1）:引導主語從句的連接詞不可省略例句： That the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.注（2）:引導同位語從句 的連接詞不可省略例句： We worried about the forecast that

38、 there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities （一線城市）in the following three years.注（3）:表示“是否”的時候，只用whether不用if的情況.后有 “ or not”例句：It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the第18頁共40頁 standard of people s lives or not.引導表語從句例句： The k

39、eynote is whether children s safety can be guaranteed.引導主語從句弁在句首例句： Whether the experiment could be conducted (or not) remained unknown to the students.作介詞賓語例句： The child is fearful of whether another war will break out at any moment.六、倒裝簡明概述：倒裝句由全部倒裝和部分倒裝組成。全部倒差是把句 中的謂語部分全部挪到主語前面，時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般 過去時；

40、部分倒裝則是將謂語的一部分.如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒 裝于主語之前。如果謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需要我們幫 助補充助動詞,如do, does, did,并將它們放在主語的前面。全部倒裝（時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時）：A. 句中如有副詞 here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, et& 于句首， 謂語動詞為 come, go, be, stand, fall, lie, etc.第19頁共40頁典型例句：Away ran the child.There lives a tiger.Here is your money.B.表示方位/運動方向的副詞

41、(如 in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.) 位于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞(如 come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc)。例句： Away swam a whale.C.地點狀語位于句首例句： Under the tree rested an old lady.D. There be 句型例句：There is (注意主tS一致) a radio, two television sets and ten chairs in this room.There are many TV programs in prime

42、time (黃金時間段)注：全部倒裝只有在主語是名旦的前提下才能全部倒裝，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能全部倒裝。對比例句:第20頁共40頁Away ran the child. Away he ran.There lives a tiger.There it lives.部分倒裝：A.句首有否定或半否定的詞語 （注：如果否定詞不在句首，則 不需要倒裝），Eg: No, Not, None, Nobody, Nowhere, Never, Little, Few, Seldom, Hardly, At no time, In no way, Not until , Not only but also

43、 , Hardly when , Scarcely when , No sooner than , etc.例句:Nowhere can you find a place better than your home.In no way could you destroy the incontrovertible evidence.At no time can a country use force towards a vulnerable group.Never have I scolded my child even if he has made any mistakes.重點：Not un

44、til總結：主句倒裝，從句不倒裝；否定詞不在句首不需倒裝例句對比：Not until that time （名詞短語） did I know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation.=I did n know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation until that time.第21頁共40頁Not until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation （從句）did his father go abroa

45、d on business.=The father did n go abroad on business until the child made afull recovery from the heart operation.重點：Not only but alsoNot only A but also B ,若A和B是名詞性短語，則不需要倒 裝例句：Not only students but also teachers should keep studying continuously and absorb new knowledge to broaden their minds.Not

46、 only A but also B,若A和B都是分句的話，則A倒裝，B 不倒裝。對比例句：Not only should we reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.We should not only reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.重點：Hardly when ; Scarcely when ; No sooner than對比例句（注意時態(tài)：前過完后過去時）：Hardly h

47、ad I left home when my dog barked.第22頁共40頁I had hardly left home when my dog barked.Scarcely had we gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.We had scarcely gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.No sooner had the Chairman declared the result of the contest than the contestant shiver

48、ed with excitement.The Chairman had no sooner declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.Only位于句首要部分倒裝Only by this means/in this way （短語）can you notice the importance of efficient study methods.Only after making the same mistake twice（從句）will he learn a lesson.（主

49、句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝 ）Sothat句型中若so位于句首，則需要部分倒裝例句：So angry was the boy that he decided to break off friendly relations with his friends （斷絕友誼）.,要部分倒裝May在表示祝愿的句子中位于句首第23頁共40頁例句:May God bless you!May this transportation handbook help you to travel in Singapore.E.虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中有 were, should, had,就需要部分倒裝。將if省略, 再把

50、were, should, had挪到從句的句首。（虛擬語氣中已經講明）七、主謂一致簡明概述：主謂一致即主語與謂語在語法單復數形式上保持一 致。本章節(jié)重點羅列了英語專四考試中經常會考到且常由現(xiàn)的幾 種情況以供大家參考、復習。以“6結尾的書名、雜志名、國家名、組織名，雖然字面上是“復數”形式，但其實只能作為一個獨立的個/整體。所以作主語時，謂語動詞要為單數。典型例句：The United States has 50 states.The Forbes （福布斯雜志）was founded in 1917.The United Nations has taken steps to ameliora

51、te this situation.第24頁共40頁并列結構作主語例句對比：Studying and working are both indispensable and should be balanced evenly.（當A和B分別指兩個不同概念的時候，謂語 要用復數）The diplomat and university professor hastaught me a lot.（當 A 和B由and連接，A前有“the”，B前卻無定冠詞時，兩者表示 指代的為同一人或事物，謂語需用單數）就近原則：There be“There be”中“ be”的單復數取決于最靠近它的名詞。比較例句：T

52、here are two tables, one chair left in that classroom.There is one chair and two tables left in that classroom.There is one or two things I Hke to share with you now.就近原則：either or ; neither nor ; A or B;連接兩個主語 時，謂語動詞的單復數由最靠近它的主語決定對比例句：Either you or that boy is to be punished.Neither that boy nor yo

53、u are to be punished.第25頁共40頁就近原貝 U: not only but also對比例句：Not only you but also that girl wants the toy.Not only you but also I am keen on jazz music.就近原則：Here對比例句：Here is one penand two drawings on the desk.Here are two drawings and one pen on the desk.就近原則：not but不是而是”例句： Not the subject teacher

54、but the colorful textbooks whet my appetite for more study.謂語單數：none of +可數名詞/不可數名詞 + V單neither of +可數名詞/不可數名詞 + V單either of +可數名詞/不可數名詞 + V單注：在口語中有時上述三種情況也可以用V復（但只是在后跟可數名詞的時候），但是考點大部分是以考查V單為重點總結：none of +可數名詞+ V單/復neither of +可數名詞+ V單/復第26頁共40頁either of +可數名詞+ V單/復例句： None of rice is to be wasted.N

55、either of the two hotels boasts/boasta swimming pool.Either of you takes/take the responsibility to clean the oven.就遠原貝U: with, along with, together with, like, except, but, morethan, no less than, as well as, in addition to, as much as, rather than, etc.例句：Her body except her feet has been recovere

56、d from the accident.The two boys rather than that girl were giving an instrumental performance just now.A good attitude together with superior English-speaking skills leads to the success of the competition.Experienced health-care professionals in addition to state-of-the-art facilities guarantee th

57、e high quality of the hospital.謂語單數： 主語由 every, each, some, no, any, no one, one, thing等構成的復合代詞例句：Each of us enjoys the fashion show.He felt that something strange was leaning towards him.第27頁共40頁謂語單數：表示距離，金錢，時間，度量的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看做一個整體，因此謂語要用單數形式例句：Another two hours is enough to get fully prepared

58、 for the contest. Two centimeters was permitted for average error of manufacturing this kind of machine in ancient times.看具體情況而定：如果名詞單復數同型，就要根據語境中的實際 意義及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。這些詞如：aircraft,species, series, deer, fish, sheep, headquarters, means, etc.例句：Many possible meanshave been tried to settle the disp

59、ute.Each aircraft is equipped with the most advanced technology.（根據 所修飾的詞each來判斷）Sheep are raised for their wool and meat.（按語境中的含義）看具體情況而定： some, all, most, any, half, enough, the rest, the remainder, etc.和疑問代詞 what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whichever, etc.的謂語單復數由其指代的詞的含義來 決定。例句:第28頁共40頁Who ar

60、e shouting there?Whatever was the matter?Six students went abroad for further education from the key high school, but most are junior students.Rice flour is one of the ingredients to make the cake and most is cheap.看具體情況而定：集合名詞的謂語單復數要根據所代表的含義來 決定。這些詞有： family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company,