(完整版)中國文化概況chapter-1課件2

1、Chapter 12Major Tourist CitiesA Glimpse of Chinese Culture 本章教學的目的對中國主要旅游城市的介紹與了解本章教學的重難點1. 北京的旅游景點介紹2. 西安的旅游景點介紹3. 南京的旅游景點介紹本章教學的時間安排教師課堂講解 (60 minutes) 1. Beijing (15 minutes) 2. Shanghai, Hangzhou (10 minutes) 3. Guilin (5 minutes) 4. Xian (15 minutes) 5. Kunming, Lhasa (10 minutes) 6. Nanjing (5

2、 minutes)討論 (10 minutes)學生課件展示 (30minutes)Beijing Beijing, Chinas capital city, is located in the northern part of the North China Plain. This teeming modern city and its surroundings abound with cultural relics, historic sites, and captivating landscapes. Cultural events and theatrical performances

3、 are also a great attraction here.Forbidden CityThe Forbidden City is a vast ancient architectural complex located in the center of Beijing, covering an area of 72 hectares. It is regarded as the finest example of traditional Chinese architecture.Surrounded by a six-meter-deep moat (護城河) and a ten-m

4、eter-high wall are 9,999 rooms. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate, to the north is the Gate of Divine Might (神武門), which faces Jingshan Park.There are unique and exquisitely structured watchtowers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall (宮墻). Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1

5、987, the Forbidden City is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world.Tiananmen SquareThe symbol of New China, is one of the largest squares in the world, large enough to hold 1 million people.The Tiananmen Gate tower stands imposingly at the northern end of the square. The Five-St

6、ar Red Flag flies high above with the Monument to the Peoples Heroes dominating the center of the square. The Great Hall of the People flanks the east, while the National Museum of China is to the west. The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and the Qianmen Gate sit to the south of the square. Temple of Hea

7、venThe Temple of Heaven, a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design, is situated in the southern part of Beijing. It stands as the finest of all Chinas temples. It was once the place where the Ming and Qing emperors worshipped Heaven and prayed for good harvests. A long wall encloses the Tem

8、ple of Heaven. The northern wall is semicircular (半圓形) symbolizing Heaven and the southern section of the wall is square symbolizing Earth. The most magnificent buildings from south to north are the Circular Mound Altar, the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest. Additiona

9、l structures include the Three Echo Stones and the Echo Wall. The Summer PalaceThe Summer Palace lies about 20 kilometers northwest of Beijing. It is the largest imperial garden in the world. It is a veritable museum of classical Chinese garden architecture.The marble bridge leads the eye to the roc

10、ky South Island in the middle of the lake, the wooden pavilions dotted sparingly on the gentle hills that adorn the lakeside. The grandiose temples that climb the man-made Longevity Hill (萬壽山).The Thirteen Ming TombsThe Thirteen Ming tombs are situated at the foot of the Heavenly Longevity Mountain

11、(天壽山) to the northwest of Beijing. Among the 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, 13 were buried in the Ming tomb area, along with 23 empresses, and many concubines (妃子), princes, princesses and maids.The Great WallThe first major wall was built during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin in the 3rd ce

12、ntury BC. This wall was not constructed as a single endeavor, but rather was created by the joining of several regional walls built by some states in the Warring States Period. The Great Wall stretches over a formidable 6,350 km, from Shanhai Pass (山海關) on the Bohai Gulf in the east to Jiayu Pass in

13、 Gansu Province in the west. The Great Wall is unique for its architectural style. Mainly consisting of walls, the Great Wall links 100-plus strategic passes, watchtowers, and signal towers.ShanghaiChinas largest city Shanghai, with a history dating back to the third century BC, has a population of

14、more than 13 million. It is one of the four municipalities directly under the central government of China and is often likened to a dazzling pearl in the center of the east coast, where the golden channel of the Yangtze River flows into the sea. It is a thriving port and Chinas largest industrial ba

15、se, as well as the financial and trade center.the Bund (外灘)The 1.5 km belt along the Huangpu River between Waibaidu Bridge and East Yan,an Road is called the Bund. Here, those European-style buildings, once housing foreign consulates, banks, commercial firms and newspaper offices, are still in use t

16、oday. When evening comes, the banks of the Huangpu River are busy with strolling young couples and throngs of foreign tourists.Shoppers Paradise Shanghai is the most exciting and fashionable city in China. It is quickly earning an international reputation as one of the worlds fashion centers. It is

17、known for its shops stocked with goods of excellent quality, and the service is also impeccable. Nanjing Road, Huaihai Road and the Chenghuangmiao are popular shopping areas.Pudong New AreaBordering the East China Sea and the estuary of the Yangtze River, Shanghais Pudong New Area is situated at the

18、 junction of Chinas “golden coast” and “golden waterway”. Shanghai and the 2010 World Exposition On December 3, 2002, China won the bid to host the 2010 World Exposition. The slogan of the event is “Better City, Better Life”. The triumph marked the extension of this global event to a developing coun

19、try for the first time. Hangzhou Hangzhou is famous for its surrounding hills and beautiful scenery, especially the West Lake. Other tourist attractions include: Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Lingyin Temple (Souls Retreat Temple), The Peak That Flew Here，Hangzhou Oriental Park, the newly-built Leifeng Pa

20、goda, and the “Thousand-Island Lake”.West LakeHangzhous fame is largely due to the picturesque West Lake. Situated to the west of the city, it is enclosed on three sides by low hills and covers an area of 5.65 square kilometers. Others Pagoda of Six Harmonies and Lingyin Temple (Souls Retreat Temple

21、)The Peak That Flew Here and Hangzhou Oriental ParkHangzhous Silk and TeaHangzhou is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its cultural tradition. It is also the home of silk in China. Its silk is famous for its soft, fine, smooth texture, and wonderful sheen. Besides, Hangzhous Longji

22、ng Tea (龍井茶) is famed for its fragrance, luscious flavor, pleasant leaf shape and emerald color.Guilin The city is known for its verdant mountains, elegant rivers, magnificent crags and fantastic caverns and it has a reputation as having the “the finest mountains and waters under heaven”. Karst (石灰?guī)r

23、) peaks surround Guilin. They rise steeply out of flat ground resembling jade bamboo shoots, swords and spears. The clear Lijiang River flows from northeast to southeast like a jade ribbon meandering past Guilin. Along the river there are many fascinating hills of various shapes including Folded Bro

24、cade Hill, Wave Curbing Hill and Elephant Trunk Hill.In nearby Yangshuo County, there are over 20,000 karst hills. The Lijiang River winds through Yangshuo for 56 km. On both sides of the river are serene mountains, magical peaks and green bamboo which leave intoxicating reflections in the sparkling

25、 water.Solitary Beauty PeakElephant Trunk HillSevenStar CaveReed Flute Cave XianXian has the longest history as Chinas capital spanning 1,000 years and about 10 dynasties, including the Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties, etc. With a history of over more than 3000 years, Xian is

26、 one of the four major ancient capitals, together with Rome, Athens and Cairo. Xian and its surrounding areas are regarded as Chinas museum of nature and history because of its long history, rich culture and beautiful scenery. The city wall of Xian The Bell Tower The Greater and the Lesser Wild Goos

27、e Pagodas The Forest of Steles Huaqing Hot Spring Terra-cotta Army in the tomb of the First Emperor of QinArcheologists excavated a 14,000-square-meter vault in which thousands of terra-cotta warriors and horses had remained entombed for over 2,000 years. It is regarded as one of the most significan

28、t archeological excavations of the 20th century.So far, three pits containing terra-cotta figurines have been excavated. They cover a total area of 20,000 square meters. Some 8,000 life-sized warriors confirm the powerful military array (排陣) under the rule of the First Emperor 2,200 years ago. Kunmi

29、ngKunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, is known as the Spring City. Neither cold nor hot, the locals enjoy flowers throughout the year. Major tourist attractions include the site of the 99 World Horticultural Exposition Garden (世界園藝博覽園), the Stone Forest, Dianchi Lake (滇池) and the Yunnan Nationa

30、lities Villages.99 World Horticultural Exposition GardenThe 99 World Horticultural Exposition was held in Kunming from May 1 to October 31 lasting 184 days. Lhasa Lhasa, the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region, is one of the highest cities in the world. Its recorded history dates back more than 1,300

31、 years. It is a city of breathtaking beauty, with a unique landscape and a holy atmosphere. The major landmarks are Potala Palace, Jokhong Monastery, Norbulingka, Barkhor Street and Gandan Monastery.Potala PalaceThe Potala Palace is located on the Red Hill to the west of old Lhasa. The old Potala Pa

32、lace was built in the 7th century. At that time, Song Tsan Gam Bo (松贊干布) established Tubo (吐蕃) Kingdom in Tibet and Lhasa was the capital. When the emperor of the Tang Dynasty sent Princess Wencheng (文成公主) to marry him, Song Tsan Gam Bo decided to build “a city to show glory” and started to build th

33、e Potala Palace on the Red Hill, but it was destroyed later in a war.The present Potala Palace is 119 meters high with 13 floors. The entire building is made of stone and wood with walls being three meters thick on average. The palace also has a large collection of sculptures, murals, scriptures and

34、 other valuable cultural relics.Nanjing Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, is an important central city on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is a transportation and telecommunication hub (中心) in east China, and the second largest international trading port after Shanghai in the Yangt

35、ze River Delta.Important sights in Nanjing include: the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Xuanwu Lake, Confucius Temple, Dr. Sun Yat-sens Mausoleum, a Ming Tomb, Linggu Monastery and Zijinshan Observatory.Nanjing Yangtze River BridgeDesigned by Chinese and constructed with local materials, the Nanjing Y

36、angtze River Bridge was opened to traffic in October 1968. It is a double-decked bridge with a four-lane, 4,589-meter-long highway and 6,772-meter-long double railroad tracks.Confucius TempleThe Nanjing Confucius Temple, lying in the south of Nanjing, is for consecrating and worshipping Confucius, t

37、he great thinker and educator of ancient China. The Confucius Temple was built during the Song Dynasty and expanded in The East Jin Dynasty. In the area surrounding the temple, residential houses, pavilions, teahouses and inns sprawl in picturesque disorder along the Qinhuai River. Many businessmen

38、and men of letters gather there. Dr. Sun Yat-sens MausoleumDr. Sun Yat-sens Mausoleum is the tomb of the great revolutionary forerunner, Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The Mausoleum complex is composed of a memorial archway, a tomb passage, a mausoleum gate, a stele pavilion, a sacrificial hall and a coffin chamber, all located on an axis. From the entrance of the mausoleum to the granite hall, there are 393 ascending steps with 10 landings in between, cove