高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解沖刺訓(xùn)練Day4

1、 高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解沖刺訓(xùn)練 Day 4Passage 1Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesnt really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One tradition

2、al belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images （影像）.Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of chara

3、cters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument agai

4、nst television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listenin

5、g to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading.“ A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ （智商） scores and af

6、fects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that its the other way around.“ If yyoung, youll watch less TV when youre older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lowerIQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchershave

7、attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests thattelevision cannot be condemnedwithout considering other influences.By watching TV, children learn .images through w

8、ordsmore than explicit meaningsmore about images than wordslittle about peoples psychologyAn educational program is best watched by a child .on his ownwith other kidswith his parentswith his teachersWhich of the following is most related to childrens reading ability?Radio-listening.Television-watchi

9、ng.Parents reading list.Parents educational background.Anderson believed that .the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isthe younger a child is, the more he watches TVthe smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVthe less a child watches TV,the better he performs at schoolWhat is

10、 the main purpose of the passage?To advise on the educational use of T.VTo describe TVs harmful effects on children.To explain traditional views on TV influences.To present Andersons unconventional ideas.Passage 2Most damagingly, anger weakens a persons ability to think clearly and keep control over

11、 his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person

12、based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels （決斗）as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one personsawareness of insulting behaviour on the part of

13、 another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG（ 腦電圖） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （ 額 葉 前 部 ） areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition

14、（意向）that most of us possessmost of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and, as a result of this, were likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most p

15、ositive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier

16、 we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompani

17、ed by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不對(duì)稱） of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empat hy 同 感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the ang

18、ry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.The “ duels ” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger .usually has a biological basisvaries among peopleis socially and culturally shapedinfluences ones thinking and evaluationWhat changes can be found in an ang

19、ry brain?Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.Electrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.Electrical activity agrees with ones disposition.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?Approaching the source of anger.Trying to con

20、trol what is disliked.Moving away from what is disliked.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.What is the key message of the last paragraph?How anger differs from other emotions.How anger relates to other emotions.Behavioural responses to anger.Behavioural patterns of anger.Passage 3Life in the summ

21、ertime is often full of pests. Like most Long Island homeowners, I want to ensure my suburban life with pest-free living. So it was with wide-eyed wonder that I greeted the smiling exterminator滅蟲(chóng)者)who rang my bell.“ We ll be serving your neighbors, Mike and Sarah (I m not familiar with eitherone by

22、name), ” he waved in the other direction.“ Since we ll have a team here tomwe re offering a discount.“ He came out with numbers beginning from $299 then inseconds to $89.he moved toward my frontYou ve probably been seeing the ant hills around.walkway and lawn. “ And haveyou seen the bees that dig ne

23、sts in the ground? ” he continued with his head shaking up and down pushing me to do the same.“ What we do is spray three feet out from your foundation and three feet up.he was talking, and without breaking eye contact, he opened his iPad cover and began operating at the screen to show me frightenin

24、g images.“ It also kills other pests, likespiders. It is the best pesticide殺蟲(chóng)齊J), he said, pausing for effect.He then went into soft talk to close the deal, correctly foreseeing that I would be concerned about safety and the environmental impact on my vegetable garden, plants and our little patch of

25、 planet here on Long Island.“The products are environmentallyresponsible, safe with children and pets,” he said.I munkind when it comes to unwanted visitors entering on my out-of-doors moments. Any insect found in my house or on my deck is bound to be poisoned or pancaked.Unfortunately for the exter

26、minator, just as I was considering making an appointment, Billy, my fearless husband, pulled into our driveway, which made me ask for a business card out of politeness instead.How did the author feel at the sight of the exterminator?A. Frightened. B. Disappointed. C. Puzzled. D. Surprised.What did t

27、he exterminator offer the author if she accepted his service?A. A discount.B. A group rate.C. An iPad for free.D. A free pesticide.Why was the author worried about the pesticide?It might cause frightening images.It might harm her family and surroundings.It might be too expensive for her to afford.It

28、 might have no effect on unwanted visitors.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?Billy saw his neighbors cheated by the exterminator.The author is sure to phone the salesman later.The author had planned to buy the pesticide before Billy appeared.Billy made up his mind to purchase the pesticid

29、e.Passage 4The popular wisdom for years has been that drinking in moderatio謔度） that s one “ standard ” drink a day for women and two for men-is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular （心血管的 ） disease. But recent studies are casting some doubt on that long-held learning. Science now says it depends

30、on your age and drinking habits.A 2017 study of nearly 2 million British with no cardiovascular risk found that there was still a modest benefit in moderate drinking, especially for women over 55 who drank five drinks a week. Why that age? Alcohol can influence the substance in the blood in positive

31、 ways, experts say, and that s about the age when heart problemsbegin to occur.Also, a 2018 study found that drinking more than 100 grams of alcohol per week equal to roughly seven standard drinks in the United States or five to six glasses of wine in the UK increases your risk of death from all cau

32、ses and in turn lowers your life expectancy. Links were found with different forms of cardiovascular disease, with people who drank more than 100 grams per week having a higher risk of stroke, heart failure.Another 2018 study found that consistently drinking a moderate amount of alcohol, within reco

33、mmended guidelines, had a protective effect on the heart over time. Unstable drinking habits were associated with a higher risk of heart disease, which the authors reflected might indicate broader lifestyle changes, such as poor health or stress. Former drinkers were also at greater risk.Overall, ho

34、wever, the latest thinking is that any heart benefit may be outweighed by other health risks, such as high blood pressure, certain cancers and liver damage.Women who drink are at a higher risk for breast cancer; alcohol contributes about 6% of the overall risk, possibly because it raises certain dan

35、gerous hormones in theblood. Drinking can also increase the chance you might develop liver, mouth and oral cancers. One potential reason: Alcohol weakens our immune systems, making us more likely to inflame （ 發(fā)炎 ） a driving force behind cancer.Why does moderate drinking benefit women over 55?It help

36、s them live longer than men.It reduces the chance of some heart problems.It destroys the harmful chemicals in their blood.It helps them recover from cardiovascular disease.What can we learn from paragraph 3?Drinking more than 10 grams of alcohol per week is surely harmful.Solid links were found betw

37、een the disease and the amount of alcohol.The lifespan varies according to amount of consumed alcohol.Seven standard drinks are the recommended amount of drinking in the UK.Who will be at a lower risk according to the 2018 study?Consistent drinkers with lifestyle changes.Unstable drinkers with lifes

38、tyle changes.Consistent drinkers within recommended amount of alcohol.Unstable drinkers within recommended amount of alcohol.Which can be the best title for the text?Moderate drinking habits benefit the heart.Moderate drinking weakens our immune systems.Moderate drinking can prevent cancer.Moderate

39、drinking does more harm than good to health.Passage 5It s not easy feeling like you re always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule to go back and make th

40、ings fight if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.Academically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks.Although most would say its good to have high standards,“they have no ide

41、a aboithe internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you come up less than your desired goal you feel as though you have failed, but you re far from failiryou just don t see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that you rnot smart. The pressure you place on yourself

42、 weighs you down and you wear the good enough label each and every day.You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others. If people don t perform up to your expectations, then you think them incompetent. This causes a lot of frustration because you can t trust anyone to

43、 get things right. So insteadof being a team player you fly solo（單飛）and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and its the unac

44、hievable American dream that s damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In a society that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect?We all have fl

45、aws, fears, and make mistakes, and that perfectly OK. It our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger more adaptable person. We don t have to strive to achieve the impossible. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.What might be the most suitable title of the

46、 text?A. Far from failingB. Perfectly ImperfectC. Perfectionism Phenomenon D. Unachievable American DreamWhich of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?A. Nobody is perfect.B. Be generous with praise.C. There is no best, only better. D. A contented mind is an everlasting feast.What c

47、an we infer from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?More and more people are tolerating mistakes.The society is partly to blame for perfectionism.Many young people find it impossible to be perfect.It s unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.What does the author think of imperfectio

48、n?A. It s part of our life.B. It s unbearable.C. It deserves to be overcome.D. It does harm to our mental health.參考答案Passage 1B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 watching TV 可將答案定位至文章第二段第二、三句 “While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images.Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from wh

49、at they see 由止匕可知，孩子看電視時(shí)不僅僅接收文字和圖像， 他們還同時(shí)學(xué)到顯而易見(jiàn)的含義和隱含的含義，選項(xiàng)B 不僅僅是明確的意思”更符合原文explicit and hidden meanings勺 表達(dá)，故為正確答案。C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞educational program可將答案定位至文章第二段最后兩句，其大意是：很多老師們認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)陪伴孩子一起看教育類節(jié)目，邊看邊給孩子解釋生詞和內(nèi)容， 會(huì)讓孩子學(xué)到更多東西。 但是很多家長(zhǎng)只是讓孩子自己坐在電視機(jī)前， 而自己卻在另一個(gè)房間做別的事情。 由此判斷， 作者的觀點(diǎn)是 “父母應(yīng)該和孩子一起看教育類電視節(jié)目 ” ， 選項(xiàng) C 更

50、符合作者的觀點(diǎn)， 故為 正確答案。D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞 reading ability 可將答案定位在第三段第四句“ Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childsreading. 由此可知，父母的教育背景對(duì)孩子閱讀能力的影響更大。故正確答案為”D。C 推理判斷題。 文章第四段提到， 傳統(tǒng)的觀念認(rèn)為看電視過(guò)多會(huì)降低智商和影響學(xué)習(xí)，但是Anderson 指出，研究結(jié)果得出的結(jié)論是：如果你是聰明的年輕人，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，你看電視會(huì)越來(lái)越少。而智商不高的人，反而更容易成為一輩子

51、都喜歡看電視的人。選項(xiàng) A個(gè)孩子看電視越多，他會(huì)越聰明”，原文 沒(méi)有表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。選項(xiàng)B孩子越小，看電視越多”，原文沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D孩 子看電視越少，他在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)越好”屬于偷換概念，文中只是提到?jīng)]有研究表明沉溺于看電視會(huì)影響孩子在校表現(xiàn)， 并沒(méi)有指出看電視越少， 孩子在校表現(xiàn)越好。選項(xiàng)C個(gè)孩子越聰明，他越不可能沉溺于看電視”與原文意思相符，“gets addicted to TV 是對(duì)原文”“ tend to be lifelong television viewers 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。故正 ”確答案為C。D主旨大意題。文章在第一段就提出了 Anderson與眾不同的觀點(diǎn) 我們一直責(zé)怪電視，但是

52、事實(shí)上它并不是造成問(wèn)題的原因” 。接下來(lái)，作者從不同的角度進(jìn)一步闡述傳統(tǒng)觀念下人們認(rèn)為看電視會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響，而事實(shí)上并非如此。因此，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， D 選項(xiàng) “為了闡述 Anderson 與眾不同的想法”最能準(zhǔn)確概括本篇文章的意圖，故為正確答案。Passage 2C 推理判斷題。第二段提到 In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.該句意為： 在現(xiàn) 代文化中，用肢體沖突來(lái)表達(dá)憤怒一般被認(rèn)為是對(duì)社會(huì)有害而且不

53、能被容忍的。后文提到在古代卻又有著決斗這樣的行為， 這說(shuō)明憤怒的表現(xiàn)形式是由不同的社會(huì)和文化所決定的。故選項(xiàng) C 正確。B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)changes和an angry brain可將答案定位到第三段，該 段講的是憤怒的情緒可以在腦電圖中有所體現(xiàn)。 該段倒數(shù)第二句提到：.when weare angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced.由此可見(jiàn)，.當(dāng)我們生氣的時(shí)候， 額葉前部的腦電圖會(huì)出現(xiàn)左右不平衡的現(xiàn)象。 因此正確答案 是 B。A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段中 offensive anger和defens

54、ive anger使用了斜 體，方便我們快速定位答案的線索。在 “攻擊性憤怒”這一部分作者提到 Theangrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. 由此 可見(jiàn)，攻擊性憤怒的特征是：我們?cè)缴鷼猓蜁?huì)越發(fā)靠近激怒我們的那個(gè)對(duì)象。因此正確答案是A 。D 主旨大意題，考查段落主旨。文章的結(jié)尾段沒(méi)有明顯的主旨句，但結(jié)構(gòu)十分鮮明， 該段開(kāi)頭提到， 一般積極的情感會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為上的接近， 而消極的情感會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為上的疏遠(yuǎn)， 但憤怒的情緒卻恰恰與這種模式相反。 接著， 作者介紹了攻擊性憤怒（offens

55、ive angei）和防御性憤怒（defensive anger各自的表現(xiàn)，從描述中可以看出二者的區(qū)別主要在于憤怒者在憤怒時(shí)的行為模式不同。 前者會(huì)使人不斷靠近敵對(duì)的一方，而后者只會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些表情上的變化。故正確答案為 D 。Passage 3D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句 “ So it was with wide-eyed surprise that I greeted the smiling exterminator （滅蟲(chóng)者） who rang my bell. 可知作者第一次看到 ”滅蟲(chóng)者很吃驚, 故選 D 。A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第一句 “ . . he waved in the o

56、ther direction.“ Sincewe ll have a team here tomorrow, we re offering a diSCOUn果作者接受服“ 務(wù) , 滅蟲(chóng)者會(huì)提供一個(gè)折扣 , 故選 A 。B 推理判斷題。第五段第一句 “ He then went into soft talk to close the deal, correctly foreseeing that I would be concerned about safety and the environmental impact on my vegetable garden, plants and our little patch of planet here on Long Island. 可知除蟲(chóng)者正確地預(yù)見(jiàn)到作者將會(huì)擔(dān)心我