撰寫(xiě)英文論文應(yīng)該注意問(wèn)題

1、-. z中國(guó)學(xué)生寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)論文的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤總結(jié)讀書(shū)筆記標(biāo)題：The Most mon Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students原文如下：不能保證是原始出處./document/Most%20mon%20Mistakes%20of%20210%20Technical%20English%20Papers.pdf時(shí)間：2003以后閱讀時(shí)間：摘要：本文提出了幾種最常見(jiàn)的中式英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，它們是從超過(guò)兩百份中國(guó)學(xué)生寫(xiě)的英文論文中觀察得來(lái)的。文中解釋了這些

2、習(xí)慣，并且在大局部情況下給出了從實(shí)際論文中出現(xiàn)的例子以及正確的用法。我們?cè)噲D去解釋如何去改正和防止這些錯(cuò)誤。一些情況下，我們還解釋了為什么這些習(xí)慣會(huì)出現(xiàn)。本文可以成為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的科技論文編寫(xiě)指南，尤其是當(dāng)很難尋找一個(gè)母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的編輯時(shí)。大意Section 1a, an, the冠詞后面將跟隨一個(gè)名詞，并且任何冠詞與名詞之間的修飾詞都用來(lái)修飾這個(gè)名詞(a big blue bicycle / the first award)。A和an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。單數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞以及指代一個(gè)可數(shù)事務(wù)的普通名詞，它們每次都需要一些限定詞determiner。它們的使用方法如以下圖所示：Incorr

3、ect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of mainand splitter blades.15Correct Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of themain and splitter blades.15分析上面的例子，surface是一個(gè)單數(shù)、可數(shù)、沒(méi)有限定詞的特定的單詞，因此要用the修飾。而blades是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、沒(méi)有特殊限定詞、并且特定的單詞，因此也要用the修飾。very

4、long sentence太長(zhǎng)的句子不利于讀者理解，應(yīng)該盡量分為多個(gè)句子。對(duì)于一些參數(shù)的列，盡量使用列表或者整齊的子句。Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose,location or reason first在句子的前面述目的、位置、原因等，而不是述句子的主要含義。這樣減弱了句子的主旨，混淆了讀者的理解。Incorrect For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nestingoptimization problem

5、in leather manufacturing. 5Correct This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturingfor application in automobile interiors.Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning ofa sentence傾向于把表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)放在句首。這樣是不自然的。Incorrect When U is taken as the control paramet

6、er, the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, 0.005are shown in Fig. 8.Correct Figure 8 shows the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as thecontrol parameter.Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence foremphasis將最重要的主題放在句首以示重視。這樣的理解是錯(cuò)誤的。Incorrect Based on the triangulation structur

7、e built from unorganized points or a CADmodel, the e*tended STL format is described in this section.4Correct The e*tended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulationstructure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.which/ thatRespectively and respective1. Respectively is

8、misplaced in the sentence; it is put before the nouns to which it refers.Incorrect Equations 26 can be respectively linearized as:(equations given)13Correct Equations 26 can be linearized as:(equations given), respectively.Incorrect The weights of the two e*perts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19C

9、orrect The weights of the two e*perts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.2. Respectively is inserted to e*press that there is a certain order in which something wasdone. However, the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not needto be e*pressed because it does not add value to me

10、aning of the sentence.Incorrect If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck processare, respectively, below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, ifeither is, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2.Similarly, if the core techno

11、logy and core quality are, respectively, above acertain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is, respectively,below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.19Correct If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck processare below certain scores, the

12、n we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either isabove a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the coretechnology and core quality are above a certain score, then we refer to strategy3, otherwise, if either is below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.Respectively通常出現(xiàn)在句子

13、的結(jié)尾，當(dāng)兩個(gè)或者更多的人或事被按照一定的順序提起或者指定時(shí)，使用Respectively。它包含了一種順序，這種順序可以是在前面提到的，也可以是被讀者領(lǐng)會(huì)到的。例子：For e*ample: Bobby, Nicole and Daren wore red, green and blue coats, respectively.List 1 List 2Bobby wore a red coat.Nicole wore a green coat.Daren wore a blue coat.In this paper, in this studystudy指作者做出的工作；paper指作者表

14、達(dá)工作的論文。不可混淆。這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)最好只用在兩個(gè)地方：1.介紹或者總結(jié)全文時(shí)；2.在文中，當(dāng)指出了其他作者的一些沒(méi)有完成的工作之后，使用這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)描述自己的工作。Numbers and Equations阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在句子的開(kāi)頭，而應(yīng)該使用英文單詞。Incorrect 12 parameters were selected for the e*periment.Correct Twelve parameters were selected for the e*periment.阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字被濫用，它們應(yīng)該在給出技術(shù)指標(biāo)時(shí)使用，而不用來(lái)表示普遍的信息。不要在句子中使用符號(hào)或者表達(dá)式，而應(yīng)

15、該以語(yǔ)言描述。一般的論文要求所有的表達(dá)式都單獨(dú)寫(xiě)出來(lái)，并使用特定的格式Incorrect If the power battery SOC SOClo and the driving torque belongs to themiddle load,Correct If the power battery SOC is greater than SOClo and the driving torquebelongs to the middle load,FormatParagraphs分段的錯(cuò)誤有兩個(gè)：第一種是換行但是沒(méi)有縮進(jìn)，所以讓讀者不知道這是否是新的一段。第二種是一段的最前面是一個(gè)單行的

16、句子，這個(gè)句子和這一段同時(shí)都縮進(jìn)了。這句話的理解不太清晰，我疑心我理解錯(cuò)了。原文是：The seconderror occurs when a paragraph is preceded by a single sentence on a single line. Thesingle line is indented along with the succeeding paragraph as in e*ample *. Thismonly occurs in Chinese te*ts but is never done in English.Figure and TableFigure和T

17、able的正確縮寫(xiě)分別是Fig.和Tbl.。縮寫(xiě)不能出現(xiàn)在句首，并且Figure/Table和數(shù)字之間必須有一個(gè)空格。Variables變量必須使用斜體。Capitals大寫(xiě)字母不能出現(xiàn)在句中，只能出現(xiàn)在句首。such as and etc.such as的含義和for e*ample一樣；etc.的含義等于and so on。它們?nèi)绻旁谕粋€(gè)句子里則是冗余的。Such as意味著后面跟隨一個(gè)不完整的列表，如果后面列出了所有的元素，則不應(yīng)使用such as。Incorrect pared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabricatio

18、n has threecharacteristics such as high ple*ity, high precision and high automation.Correct pared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has threecharacteristics: high ple*ity, high precision and high automation.Section 21以下單詞具有同樣的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式：literature (when referring to research)equipme

19、nt,staff (referring to a group of people)faculty2以下單詞不要同時(shí)使用，僅僅使用一個(gè)就可以了3一些單詞要求它所修飾的名詞必須為復(fù)數(shù)：4永遠(yuǎn)不要以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字或者英文縮寫(xiě)作為句子的開(kāi)頭。5不要使用by this way，而用by doing this或者using this method代替。6永遠(yuǎn)不要使用How to作為一個(gè)句子的開(kāi)頭?？谡Z(yǔ)中也不要說(shuō)No How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.Yes Determining how to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.7不