常用專業(yè)英文詞匯

1、電路原理專業(yè)詞匯表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits*Chapter 1Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits壓控電壓源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)電路electrical circuit壓控電流源電路模型circuit modelvoltage controlled current source(VCCS)電源source流控電壓源負載loadcurrent controlled voltage source(CCVS)導(dǎo)線line流控電流源開關(guān)s

2、witchcurrent controlled current source(CCCS)電流current節(jié)點node電荷electric charge支路branch電壓voltage回路loop電位potential路徑path電位差potential difference網(wǎng)孔mesh電位升potential rise網(wǎng)絡(luò)network電位降potential drop基爾霍夫電流定律參考點reference pointKirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)電動勢electromotive force (e.m.f )基爾霍夫電壓定律電動勢electromotive for

3、ceKirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)功率power閉合面closed boundary / closed surface能量energy集總參數(shù)lumped parameter磁通鏈magnetic flux linkage集總參數(shù)電路lumped circuit線性電阻linear resistance集總參數(shù)兀件l umped element電阻器/電阻resistor / resistance分布參數(shù)distributed parameter電導(dǎo)器/電導(dǎo)conductor / conductance分布參數(shù)電路distributed circuit電感器/電感ind

4、uctor / inductance直流direct current(DC)電容器/電容capacitor / capacitance交流alternating current(AC)伏安特性u-characteristic有源器件active elementvolt-ampere characteristic無源器件passive element開路open-circuit無損電路lossless circuit短路short-circuit歐姆定律Ohms LawChapter 2Analysis methods to simple resistor廣義歐姆定律 generalized O

5、hms Lawcircuits參考方向reference direction端鈕terminal電壓極性voltage polarity串聯(lián)series connection正極positive polarity分壓voltage division負極negative polarity并聯(lián)parallel connection理想獨立電壓源分流current divisionideal independent voltage source等效電阻equivalent resistance實際電壓源physical sourceY-A變換Wye-Delta transformation理想獨立電

6、流源入端電阻input resistanceideal independent current source最大功率傳輸定理理想受控源Maximum power transfer theoremideal dependent / controlled sourceChapter 3Methods of Analysis輸出/響應(yīng)output / response支路電流法method of branch current線性電路linear circuit節(jié)點法node analysis代數(shù)和algebraic sumnode voltage method替代定理substitution pri

7、nciple回路電流法loop analysis戴維南定理Thevenins Theoremloop current method諾頓定理Nortons Theorem網(wǎng)孔電流法mesh analysis二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-terminal circuitmesh current method開路電壓open-circuit voltage節(jié)點法Nodal Analysis短路電流short-circuit current回路電流法loop current method特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem網(wǎng)孔電流法mesh current method功率平衡定理 power-balanci

8、ng theorem外網(wǎng)孔outer mesh互易定理reciprocal theorem自導(dǎo)納self-admittance對偶原理principle of duality互導(dǎo)納mutual-admittance對偶元件dual element矩陣matrix對偶圖dual graph行row對偶電路dual circuit列column至土七上參考節(jié)點reference nodeChapter 5Nonlinear Circuit平面電路planar circuit非線性電路nonlinear circuit方程equation非線性元件nonlinear element消去法elimin

9、ation technique壓控電阻voltage-controlled resistor克萊姆法則Cramers rule流控電阻current-controlled resistor代入法substitution method工作點operating point運算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)靜態(tài)電阻static resistance同向輸入端noninverting input動態(tài)電阻dynamic resistance反向輸入端inverting input小信號分析small-signal analysis輸出端output小信號模型small-

10、signal model等效電路模型 equivalent circuit model分段線性化法 piece-wise linear mthod開環(huán)放大倍數(shù) open-loop gain數(shù)值解法numerical analysis閉環(huán)放大倍數(shù) closed-loop gain入端電阻input resistanceChapter 6First-order Circuit輸出電阻output resistance動態(tài)電路dynamic circuit線性工作區(qū)linear region一階電路first-order circuit正向飽和區(qū)positive saturation一階微分方程 f

11、irst-order differential equation反向飽和區(qū)negative saturation過渡過程transient process/ transient同向放大器noninverting amplifier線性時不變電路 linear time-invariable circuit反向放大器inverting amplifier單位階躍函數(shù) unit step function加法器summing amplifier / summer單位脈沖函數(shù)unit pulse function積分器integrator單位沖激函數(shù)unit impulse function微分器d

12、ifferentiator單位斜坡函數(shù)unit ramp function自激振蕩self-excited oscillation起始條件initial condition起始值initial valueChapter 4Circuit Theorems換路定則switch law疊加原理superposition principle零輸入響應(yīng)zero-input response齊性原理homogeneity property零狀態(tài)響應(yīng)zero-state response輸入/激勵input / excitation穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)steady-state response暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transien

13、t response復(fù)數(shù)complex時間常數(shù)time constant衰減attenuation指數(shù)函數(shù)exponential function階躍響應(yīng)step responseChapter 8Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis沖激響應(yīng)impulse response復(fù)數(shù)complex自由響應(yīng)natural response幅值amplitude / magnitude自由分量natural component相位phase強迫響應(yīng)forced response相位差phase difference強制分量forced component角頻率angular

14、frequency全響應(yīng)complete response周期period穩(wěn)態(tài)值final value頻率cyclic frequency卷積積分convolution integration正弦sinusoidal時域延遲time delay余弦cosine換路switching初相角initial phase angle跳變現(xiàn)象jump phenomenon瞬時值instantaneous value脈沖持續(xù)時間pulse duration最大值maximum脈沖重復(fù)周期 repeating period of pulse有效值effective valueroot-mean-square

15、 valueChapter 7Second-order Circuitu領(lǐng)先i (pu leads i by p二階電路second-order circuitu落后i pu lags i by p齊次微分方程同相in phasehomogeneous differential equation反相opposite in phase常系數(shù)微分方程實部real partconstant coefficients equation虛部imaginary part特征方程characteristic equation直角坐標形式 rectangular form特征根characteristic r

16、oot極坐標形式polar form特征值eigenvalue指數(shù)形式exponential form特征向量eigenvector相量phasor特解particular solution參考相量reference phasor通解general solution旋轉(zhuǎn)相量rotating phasor自然頻率natural frequency電壓三角形voltage triangle衰減系數(shù)damping factor瞬時功率instantaneous power諧振角頻率resonant frequency / undamped平均功率average powernatural freque

17、ncy阻抗impedance諧振頻率resonant frequency阻抗角impedance angle過阻尼情況overdamped case阻抗三角形impedance triangle欠阻尼情況underdamped case導(dǎo)納admittance臨界情況critically damped case電抗reactance固有頻率natural frequency電納susceptance固有振蕩角頻率 damping frequency/damped感性inductivenatural frequency感抗inductive reactance衰減振蕩damped oscilla

18、tion感納inductive suspectance無損lossless容性capacitive正弦響應(yīng)sinusoidal response容抗capacitive reactance波形waveform容納capacitive suspectance實數(shù)real正弦穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng) sinusoidal steady-state response時域time-domain相量域phasor-domain瞬時概率 instantaneous power 視在功率apparent power功率因數(shù)power factor (pf)復(fù)功率complex power功率三角形power triangl

19、e復(fù)共軛complex conjugate有功分量active component有功功率active power無功分量reactive component無功功率reactive power最大功率傳輸定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power 阻抗匹配 impedance matching 共軛匹配 conjugate matchingChapter 9Magnetically Coupled Circuits 耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-induc

20、tance磁通magnetic flux互感電壓 mutual / induced voltage 線圈coil鐵心線圈 coil with iron core 匝數(shù)turn耦合系數(shù) coupling coefficient 變壓器 transformer 空心變壓器 air-core transformer 原邊primary coils / windings副邊secondary coils / windings弓 |入阻抗 reflected impendence 理想變壓器 ideal transformer 全耦合 unity coupling coefficient 全耦合變壓器

21、unity-coupled transformer 變比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合變壓器auto-transformer 多繞組變壓器 multiple-winding transformer 激磁電感magnetizing inductance右螺旋定則right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity 漏感l(wèi)eakage inductanceChapter 10Resonance串聯(lián)諧振series resonance并聯(lián)諧振parallel

22、 resonance諧振頻率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品質(zhì)因數(shù)quality factor頻率響應(yīng)frequency response選擇性selectivity選頻特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11Frequency Response 復(fù)頻率complex frequency網(wǎng)絡(luò)函數(shù)network function轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transfer function多項式polynomial極點pole零點zero波特圖Bode plot分貝decibel增益gain對數(shù)loga

23、rithm半對數(shù)semilog轉(zhuǎn)折頻率corner / break frequency截止頻率cut-off frequency帶寬bandwidth無源濾波器passive filter 有源濾波器active filter 低通濾波器low-pass filter 高通濾波器high-pass filter 帶通濾波器 band-pass filter 帶阻濾波器 band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12Three-phase Circuits 對稱三相電源 balanced three-phase sources 三相電源 thre

24、e-phase sources 對稱三相電路 symmetrical three-phase circuit 中線neutral line中性點neutral point三相四線制 three-phase four-wire system 相電壓phase voltage線電壓line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence負序negative / acb sequence相電流phase current線電流line currentChapter 13Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitati

25、onChapter 15端口Two-port Networks port信號signal二端口網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-port network周期函數(shù)periodic function四端網(wǎng)絡(luò)four-terminal network / quadripole周期性非正弦激勵Z參數(shù)impedance parametersnonsinusoidal periodic excitationY參數(shù)admittance parameters三角形式的付里葉級數(shù)H參數(shù)Hybrid parameterstrigonometric Fourier seriesT參數(shù)Transmission parameters指數(shù)形式

26、的付里葉級數(shù)短路導(dǎo)納short admittanceexponential Fourier series開路阻抗open impedance付里葉系數(shù)Fourier coefficient策動點driving point基波fundamental harmonic（二端口）級聯(lián)cascade connection基波頻率fundamental frequency傳播常數(shù)transmission constant諧波harmonic wave衰減系數(shù)attenuation constant高次諧波higher harmonic相位系數(shù)phase constant頻譜frequency spect

27、rum回轉(zhuǎn)器gyrator譜線spectrum line復(fù)合二端口composite two-port線狀頻譜line spectrum奇次oddChapter 16Basis of Network Graph Theory奇次諧波odd harmonic圖graph偶次even拓撲圖topological graph偶次諧波even harmonic子圖subgraph奇對稱odd symmetry連通圖connected graph偶對稱even symmetry有向圖oriented graph半波對稱half-wave symmetry樹tree帕斯瓦爾定理 Parsevals the

28、orem樹支tree branch連支linkChapter 14Fourier Transformation and割集cut setLaplace Transformation降階關(guān)聯(lián)矩陣reduced incidence matrix付里葉變換Fourier transformation增廣矩陣augmented matrix拉普拉斯變換 Laplace transformation秩rank原函數(shù)original function基本回路矩陣象函數(shù)transform functionfundamental loop matrix積分變換integral transformation基本

29、割集矩陣頻域frequency domainfundamental cut set matrix幅度譜amplitude spectrum單位陣unit matrix相位譜phase spectrum轉(zhuǎn)置陣transposed matrix矩形脈沖rectangular pulse正定矩陣positive definite matrix線性性質(zhì)linearity非奇異矩陣nonsingular matrix時域微分time differentiation逆矩陣inverse matrix時域積分time integration方陣square matrix時域平移time shift零矩陣ze

30、ro matrix頻域平移frequency shift行列式determinant拉普拉斯反變換 inverse Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯變換對Laplace pairsChapter 17 State Variables ApproachAppendixMagnetic Circuit狀態(tài)變量state variable磁路magnetic circuit狀態(tài)方程state equation鐵磁物質(zhì)ferromagnetic substance輸出方程output equation磁導(dǎo)率magnetic permeability狀態(tài)空間state space磁感應(yīng)強度magnetic induction列向量column vector磁通magnetic flux特